E. Biology and Physiology Flashcards
Structures of the female reproductive system
- Ovaries-gonad
- oviduct/fallopian tubes
- uterus
- endometrium-epithial cell lining of uterus
- myometrium-muscle layer
- cervix
- vagina
Which hormones are released, by what and when during the mentrual cycle ?
- GnRH by Hypothalamus
- FSH 1-14 days by anterior pituitary gland
- Oestrogen by granulosa cells in follicles
- LH day 15 by anterior pituitary gland
- Progesterone by corpus leutem
What is the role of LH and FSH in the female reproductive system?
- LH=ovulation
- FSH=stimulates follicle development
Describe the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle
- stimulates development of some primordial follicles
- proliferation of granulosa cells which oeastrogen
Describe the role of Oestrogen in the menstrual cycle
- promotes breast tissue development
- stimulates blood vessels in the endometrium
- thins cervix mucus barrier- easier sperm entry
- -ve feedback mechanism, when in small conc, to stop production of LH
- in high conc, stimulates LH surge
What is the function of LH in mentrual cycle
- follicle reach surface of ovary and rupture to release ovum
What happens following LH surge in menstrual cycle?
- follicle erupts, releasing ovum
- follicle collapse and becomes corpus luteum
- CL releases high levels of progesterone
- progesterone maintains and thickens endometrium lining
In the luteal stage of menstural cycle, what happens if fertilisation occurs and when it doesn’t occur?
if fertilisation:
* ovum moves to oviduct and waits within 24hr
* fertilisation occurs
* zygote moves to uterus and implants in endometrium
* pacenta takes over to maintain progesterone
if no fertilisation:
* ovum breaks down
* drop in oestrogen/ progesterone and removes -ve feedback
* FSH rises
* endometrium breaks down
What are the main structures in the male reproductive system
- Scrotum
- Testes
- Rete testis
- Efferent ductules
- Epididymus
- Vas deferens
- Bladder
- Urethera
- seminal vesicle
- Prostate
- bulbourethral gland
Why is the scrotum suspended beneath the penis?
- Testes need to function at temp slightly below body temp
- sperm develop at temp 2-3 C Lower than body temp
Features of scrotum
- dartos and cremaster muscles contract to regulate temperature in cold
- wrinkled to increase SA
- XS of sweat glands
What is the function of seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland?
Seminal vesicles:
* secrete alkaline fluid with frutose, enzymes, and prostaglandins (contractions in penis and FRS)
Prostate gland:
* secrete citrate and enzymes
Bulbourethral glands
* Secrete viscous fluid with mucus
what do LH and FSH do in the MRS?
- LH= leydig cells, production of testosterone
- FSH= Sertoli cells, production of inhibin and ABP facilitates seprmiogenesis
describe features of spermatozoa
- head- acrosome(contaisn digestive enzymes), haploid nucleus
- middle piece- lots of mitocondria
- tail/flagellum- to helps swim
