E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella

Question 1

Enterobacteriaceae include what bacteria

Answer 1

Klebsiella
Shigella
Salmonella
E. Coli

Question 2

fermentation occurs in which Enterobacteriaceae

Answer 2

E. coli
Enterobacter
klebsiella
Serratia ( occurs slowly)

Question 3

what diseases are caused by E. coli

Answer 3

Gastroenteritis 
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
UTI
neonatal meningitis 
Septicemia

Question 4

septicemia

Answer 4

blood poisoning

Question 5

enterotoxigenic E. coli produce what

Answer 5

heat labile and heat stabile enterotoxins

Question 6

what is the clinical presentation for ETEC

Answer 6

watery diarrhea

-no inflammation no fever

Question 7

how does ETEC attach to the small intestines

Answer 7

fimbrial adhesins, CFA I and CFA II

Question 8

what toxins does enteropathogenic E. coli produce

Answer 8

none

Question 9

what does EPEC do in small intestines

Answer 9

destroys microvilli

Question 10

What is the clinical presentation for EPEC

Answer 10

Diarrhea in children
some inflammation
no fever

Question 11

What part of the world is EPEC seen most commonly in

Answer 11

underdeveloped countries

Question 12

what toxins does enterohemorragic E.coli make

Answer 12

Shiga-like toxin (SLT)

Question 13

how do you distinguish from EHEC from other E. coli

Answer 13

does not ferment sorbitol

Question 14

what are clinical symptoms of EHEC

Answer 14

blood diarrhea
intense inflammation
hemolytic uremia

Question 15

enteroinvasive E. coli is similar to what other toxin

Answer 15

shigella

Question 16

EIEC how is it similar and different from Shigella

Answer 16

enters M cell

does not produce M toxin

Question 17

what is clinical presentation for EIEC

Answer 17

dysentery-like diarrhea
severe inflammation
fever

Question 18

what toxins does enteroaggregative E. coli make

Answer 18

ST-like toxin

hemolysin

Question 19

what is the clinical presentation of enteroaggregative E. coli?

Answer 19

diarrhea in young children w/o immunization

no fever

Question 20

What e. coli strains are noninvasive

Answer 20

ETEC

EAggEC

Question 21

Which e.coli strains are invasive

Answer 21

EPEC
EHEC
EIEC

Question 22

what bacteria is the most common cause for UTI

Answer 22

e. coli

Question 23

what are 2 virulence factors of uropathogenic E. coli

Answer 23

P fimbria

PAP pilli

Question 24

what does PAP pilli bind to uropathogenic E. coli

Answer 24

P blood group antigen (D-galactose-D-galactose residue)

Question 25

where is Salmonella commonly found and where is it not commonly found

Answer 25

found in GI tract of animals | not in human flora

Question 26

what 3 markers show up on enterobacteriacaea serological typing? which marker differs between bacteria in this family

Answer 26

O antigen ( different) K antigen H antigen

Question 27

Salmonella have what type of growth

Answer 27

facultative intracellular

Question 28

define facultative intracellular

Answer 28

capable of living and reproducing either inside or outside cells

Question 29

where does typhoid start in the body

Answer 29

small intestines through Peyer's patches | spreads to liver, gallbladder and spleen macrophages

Question 30

how is typhoid fever transmitted to human

Answer 30

only by other humans

Question 31

what are two symptoms of Salmonella ( not typhi)

Answer 31

enterocolitis | septicemia

Question 32

enterocolitis

Answer 32

inflammation of small and large intestines

Question 33

Septicemia

Answer 33

blood poisoning

Question 34

If a patient has Salmonella and presents with septicemia then what underlying chronic disease is present

Answer 34

sickle cell anemia | cancer

Question 35

how is Salmonella ( not typhi) transmitted to humans

Answer 35

fecal-oral route | human and animal reservoirs

Question 36

the diarrhea-causing Salmonella multiply where

Answer 36

lamina propria

Question 37

how is Salmonella treated

Answer 37

-Vaccine (short-lived) | symptomatic relief

Question 38

S. dysenteriae occur in what countries

Answer 38

developing countries

Question 39

what kind of shigella is most common in the US

Answer 39

S. sonnei

Question 40

Shigella is what type of bacteria

Answer 40

gram negative

Question 41

Shigella ferments what? what is special about this

Answer 41

glucose, does not produce gas

Question 42

Shigella targets what cell

Answer 42

M cell in Payer's patches

Question 43

what part of the cell does shigella toxin target

Answer 43

cleaves 28S rRNA in 60S

Question 44

Reiter's syndrome, clinical symptoms

Answer 44

arthritis conjunctivitis urethritis

Question 45

when does Reiter's syndrome occur

Answer 45

after injection of bacteria | cause is inclear

Question 46

who is most likely to get Reiter's syndrome

Answer 46

males

Question 47

what does methylene blue stain do

Answer 47

determine presence of PMN in fecal sample | shigella or salmonella present

Question 48

what are clinical symptoms for Shigella

Answer 48

fever abdominal pain | watery diarrhea --> dysternia

Question 49

what is the reservoir for shigella

Answer 49

human

Question 50

how is shigella transmitted

Answer 50

``` fingers flies food feces fecal-oral route ```

Question 51

drug treatment for shigella

Answer 51

fluroquinolone | ciprofloxacin

Question 52

klebsiella causes what

Answer 52

community or hospital lobar pneumonia

Question 53

proteus mirabilis causes what in patient

Answer 53

UTI | kidney stones

Question 54

how does proteus mirabilis cause kidney stones

Answer 54

urease positive splits into CO2 and ammonia basic environment precipitate Ca and Mg