E&E Methods Flashcards
(33 cards)
Efficiency
Relationship that can be expressed mathematically between Inputs vs Outputs
Outputs
- Reduce the inputs to get the same amount of outputs
- Increase outputs with less inputs
- If you’re more efficient, you are more Productive
Who Produces the Most Nuclear Energy?
France
Effectiveness
- How well we do what we do
- Qualitative : Can be measured
Edward Deming PhD
Focused on manufacturing problems
– WW2
– Professor of Statistical methods
- Statistical process/quality control
– Went to Japan to work with manufactures
– Saw the quality control employees and rejection rates of 25-50%
– Worked on efficiency and effectiveness
– Got unplanned waste close to 0
– No longer needed quality control
– Build in the quality throughout
- Quality affects inputs and outputs
- Using less raw material, labor, energy
TQM
Total Quality Management
Six Sigma
- Near 0
- Not used in printing industry but most use the term
- .000000 , six decimal points away from 0
- 1 in a Million
Lean Manufacturing Advantages
- Increased overall productivity
- More goods being produced in an efficient manner
- Wages and income go up
- Making more or same amount with less inputs
- Reduce amount of space
- Reduced manufacturing time
- Work force is more flexible
- Better buy in from employees makes quality go up
- Lower operational cost
Being more efficient
Lean Manufacturing Disadvantages
- Easier said than done to change to lean
- Getting employees to change and the process is hard
- Not a program , long term commitment
- Getting the corroboration of supply chain
Lean Manufacturing
- Focusing on being as efficient as possible with high quality outcomes
- Cut waste
- Looking at each cost center in a printing company
- Using the least resources
- Elimination of waste
- Comes from Demings Work
- Toyota Way
Who Benefits from Lean?
Employees
Customers
Company
The Earth
How does the customer benefit from Lean?
- Faster
- Maybe* cheaper
- More value, don’t have to lower price
- Better quality
How does the company benefit from Lean?
- Reduced Cost
- Reduction of inventory, inputs
- Less required space
- Less money
- Reducing of waste
- Time, Materials, Space - Profit goes up
- Increased margins
- COGS declines - Increase customer satisfaction and market share
How does the Earth benefit from Lean?
Reduced Inputs taken
How do the employees benefit from lean?
- Less Drama
- Greater communication
- Accountability and responsibility goes up
- View each other as a Team rather than individual jobs getting done
- Increased motivation
- Expand the skill range of employees
- More valuable
Muda
Waste
7 Principals of Muda
Doom Qit
D
Defective Product
- Every part of the process owns their quality
- Inspect as you go
- Quality of effort by everyone
O
Over Production
- GCB - Good Bindery Count
- What Client Requested
- Beyond the GBC
- Overproducing of the expectation due to expected defects
“Just In Case”
- More material
- More time and labor
- Keeping the extra taking up space
- Space cost money
O
Over Processing
- We do more than the customer requested or expected
- Adding value when were not being paid too
- Inefficient
M
Motion
- Movement of Equipment, Materials, or People
- To much inventory or bad flow cost more money of motion
- Assembly lines were questions
- Changed the orientation of the car
- Took up less space and was more productive
Q
Queuing , Wait
- Ideal time
- Time spent with overproduction
- Waste of time
- Every minute is costly
I
Inventory
- Raw Materials
- WIP - Work in progress
- Finished Inventory
- Waste of space and money
- have to control temperature
T
Transportation
- Can include multiple facilities
- Need Flow
- Input of raw materials
- should be near where its needed
- where does it go after?
- Can include vendors
- We don’t want materials to early since its takes up space
- JIT - Just in Time
