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S2 END OF YEAR EXAM > E-OF-Y EXAM > Flashcards

E-OF-Y EXAM Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is made up of atoms arranged in different ways e.g. solids, liquids and gases

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2
Q

How many elements in the Periodic Table?

A

118 elements

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made from one type of atom e.g. a lump of gold is made up of gold atoms only.

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4
Q

Which elements are liquid at room temperature?

A

Mercury and Bromine

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5
Q

What is a period?

A

A period is a horizontal row

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6
Q

What is a group?

A

A group is a vertical column

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7
Q

What are the groups called?

A

Group 1 - alkali metals
between 2 and 3 - transition metals
Group 7 - the halogens
Group 8 - the noble gases

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8
Q

How do you write a chemical symbol?

A

If it has one letter only it should be a capital
If it has 2 letters only the first is a capital e.g. Br

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9
Q

Where can metals be found in the periodic table?

A

Left hand side

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10
Q

How can metals be identified?

A

They conduct electricity, are shiny and solid at room temperature [except mecury]

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11
Q

What is formed when elements react and combine?

A

A compound

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12
Q

How are compounds different from elements?

A

They have different properties.

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13
Q

What does it mean if a compound ends in -ide?

A

It contains two elements

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14
Q

What does it mean if a compound ends in -ite or ate?

A

It contains 3 elements, one of which is oxygen.

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15
Q

Which elements are present in sodium chlorate?

A

sodium, chlorine and oxygen

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16
Q

How do you name a compound with two elements?

A

The element farthest left in the periodic table is written first. The element to the right is written second and its name ends in IDE

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17
Q

How do you name a compound with three elements?

A

The element farthest left in the periodic table is written first. The element to the right is written second and oxygen goes at the end with ITE/ATE

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18
Q

Physical changes include:

A

melting, evaporating, subliming, condensing, freezing

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19
Q

The 4 signs of a reaction are

A

fizzing, temperature change, precipitate formed, colour change

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20
Q

Exothermic means

A

Heat (heat energy) is released to the surroundings, causing the temperature to increase

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21
Q

Endothermic means

A

Heat (heat energy) is absorbed from the surroundings, causing the temperature to decrease

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22
Q

Reactants are found

A

on the left of the arrow

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23
Q

Products are found

A

on the right of the arrow

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24
Q

The 4 state symbols and their definitions are

A

(s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aqueous

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25
A fuel is
a substance which burns in oxygen and releases energy
26
Another word for combustion is
burning
27
The gas used when a substance burns/combusts is
oxygen
28
The tests for the gases oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are:
oxygen: relights a glowing splint carbon dioxide: turns lime water cloudy hydrogen: burns with a squeaky pop
29
Why is hydrogen hailed as a fuel of the future?
It is made from a renewable resource - water - and when it burns it produces water which is not a pollutant
30
The problem with carbon monoxide is
It is a toxic gas
31
The 3 fossil fuels and how they are produced:
coal: plant remains oil/gas: animal remains millions of years ago using high temperatures and pressures
32
Crude oil and natural gas contains mainly
hydrocarbons
33
hydrocarbons contain
hydrogen and carbon only
34
fractional distillation separates hydrocarbons based on them having different
boiling points
35
The relationship between hydrocarbon size and boiling point is
The bigger the molecule the higher the boiling point
36
A fraction is
A small group of hydrocarbons with boiling points within a similar range
37
The list of fractions, in order of increasing boiling point is
natural gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, residue/bitumen
38
A use for each fraction in order of increasing boiling point is
fuel for cooking, fuel for cars, chemicals for medicines and plastics, fuel for planes, fuel for trucks, fuel for ships/lubrication, tarmac
39
Other properties which relate to molecular size include
flammability and viscosity
40
When fossil fuels burn the products can cause
global warming and acid rain
41
Carbon monoxide is produced when
there is a lack of oxygen
42
The name given to making carbon monoxide is
incomplete combustion
43
the problem with carbon monoxide is that it is
toxic
44
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause
acid rain
45
acid rain affects
rivers/lakes, buildings and plants/trees.
46
Harmful gases can be converted into less harmful gases using
a catalytic converter
47
the equation to show photosynthesis is
carbon dioxide+ water-->glucose+oxygen
48
carbohydrates are important in our diet because
they provide energy
49
when carbohydrates burn they produce
CO2 + H20 [+ energy]
50
carbohydrates contain the elements
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
51
Alcohol is made from
sugar
52
Yeast is used because it contains
an enzyme which speeds up the reaction
53
fermentation can be shown using the equation
glucose --> ethanol + carbon dioxide
54
distillation is used in the drinks industry to
increase the alcohol concentration
55
I can list at least 6 pieces of common lab apparatus and draw them using line drawings
test tube, beaker, conical flask, measuring cylinder, Bunsen, tripod, pipette, evaporating basin, funnel
56
I can identify metals using two methods which are
flame tests adding sodium hydroxide
57
I can identify chlorine gas using
blue litmus paper which turns white
58
I can identify carbonates using
an acid and then testing for the presence of carbon dioxide
59
I can identify sulfates using
barium chloride before checking the colour of the precipitate made
60
I can identify halides using
silver nitrate and then identifying the halide from the colour produced
61
I know that chromatography
separates mixtures and allows us to identify what it is made from

S2 END OF YEAR EXAM (1 decks)

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