Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

g e n e t i c s > e x a m IV > Flashcards

e x a m IV Flashcards

1
Q

negative control

A

gene transcription is actively repressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

with repressor:

A

no transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

without repressor:

A

transcrption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

positive control

A

gene transcription is induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

with activator protein

A

transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

without activator protein

A

no transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effector molecule

A

regulates the function of activators and repressors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

with effector bound to repressor:

A

transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

without effector bound to repressor:

A

no transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does effector to do to repressor protein

A

changes confirmation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

with effector bound to activator:

A

translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

without effector bound to activator:

A

no translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

allosteric effector

A

binds to the allosteric site of regulatory protein leading to conformational change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

effector present in activator site

A

protein binds to binding (allosteric site)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

effector present in repressor site

A

effector causes protein to be removed from active binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

permease

A

transports lactose into cell

permeate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

beta-galactosidase

A

cleaves lactose to produce galactose & glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the lac system is used in…

A

prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what induces the synthesis of beta-galactosidase and permease?

A

addition of certain sugars

  • glucose
  • lactose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many promotors are there for multiple genes in prokaryotes?

A

ONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

I gene codes for

A

repressor protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

repressor protein controls…

A

responsiveness to lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does lactose do?

A

binds to repressor protein
removes repressor from DNA
lac Z and lac Y gene are expressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

I- mutant

A

defective repressor protein
causes operon to be ON all the time
continuous mRNA transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Is (supressor) mutant

A

suppression of gene expression
lactose can no longer bind to repressor
galactosidase or permease are NEVER expressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Operator

A

specific region downstream from promotor

DNA sequence that the repressor binds to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Oc mutant

A

causes repressor protein to not be able to bind to operator

b-galactosidase & permease are ALWAYS ON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lac promoter

A

physically blocks RNA polymerase from working

stop sign in front of operator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

two consensus sequences for efficient RNA polymerase binding in prokaryotes

A 
-35 region
pribnow box (-10 base pairs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

lac operon is shut down when…

A

lactose is not present

31
Q

POZY

A

promoter
operon
lac z gene
lac y gene

32
Q

glucose blocks the induction of lactose metabolism…

A

because glucose is more energetically favorable

glucose is processed first over lactose

33
Q

adenylate cyclase produces

A

cAMP

34
Q

what does cAMP bind to

A

CAP

catabolic activator protein

35
Q

what does cAMP-CAP do?

A

binds promotor and facilitates RNA polymerase bind and transcription initiation
STABILIZES the protein

36
Q

what does glucose do to the lac system?

A

glucose metabolite block activity of adenylate cyclase
ATP–> cAMP conversion is shut down
cAMP-CAP complex is not formed
no expression of lac operon

37
Q

cis regulatory element

A

in the same segment of DNA as the gene of interest

38
Q

trans regulatory element

A

factors produced by other genes that act on the gene of interest
not located in the same spot of the bacterial chromosome

39
Q

trp operon

A

controlled by 5 biosynthetic genes

encoded for within a single operon

40
Q

how is trp operon regulated

A

tryptophan levels

41
Q

primary control of trp protein

A

trp repressor binds tryptophan and turn off the operon when tryptophan levels are adequate
binds to operator to block RNA polymerase movement
aka: on/off switch due to adequate levels of tryptophan

42
Q

secondary control of trp protein

A

stem & loop folding to ensure used to either terminate

loop forms when in excess of tryptophan

43
Q

when high tryptophan

A

stem & loop form

termination of transcription

44
Q

when low tryptophan

A

ribosome is stalled at trp codons

transcription continues

45
Q

why gene reg is more complicated in eukaryotes than prokaryotes:

A

each gene is separately controlled by a single promoter
numerous proteins contribute to gene reg
multiple DNA switches
ground state is OFF

46
Q

what is required for binding RNA polymerase to eukaryotic promoters?

A

GC-rich box
CAAT box
TATA box

47
Q

changing promotor sequences will lead to…

A

dramatic reduction of transcription

48
Q

general transcription factors

A

recruit RNA polymerase II to TATA box

49
Q

specific transcription factors

A

directly bind to DNA to influence transcription of target genes
help or hinder pre-initiation complex
stabilize RNA polymerase binding

50
Q

why is DNA looped?

A

it is exposed to more activators, enhancer sites, repressors

all helps with stability

51
Q

what is DNA binding domain needed for?

A

specific transcription factors to bind to enhancer/silencer DNA sequence

52
Q

activation domain

A

needed to interact with proteins bound to promoter to speed up / slow down transcription

53
Q

GAL-4

A

yeast transcription factor for lactose metabolism

54
Q

what regulatory gene is lac-z linked to?

A

GAL-4

55
Q

synergism

A

interaction between two factors; combined effect is greater than the SUM of the two

56
Q

nitric oxide synthetase

A

makes NO in cells

57
Q

what happens when interferon gamma & LPS act alone

A

little or no increase in NOS

58
Q

what happens when interferon gamma & LPS work together?

A

LARGE increases in NOS mRNA

59
Q

heterochromatin

A

darkly stained regions of the chromosome

some gene expression

60
Q

euchromatin

A

lightly stained regions

main site of gene expression

61
Q

nucleosome

A

8 separate proteins
multiple coiled on top of each other
fit inside nucleus

62
Q

histones

A

group of proteins that packages DNA into chromatin

63
Q

function of chromatin remodeling

A

displace nucleosomes to allow transcription factors to bind to DNA regulatory regions

64
Q

SWI-SNF protein

A

moves nucleosomes out of the way

65
Q

histone acetyltransferase (HAT)

A

adds acetyl group to histone tails

66
Q

histone deacetyltransferase (HDAT)

A

removes acetyl groups from histones

–> decreased transcription

67
Q

beta-inferon

A

encodes antiviral protein inferno

is activated at high levels with viral infection

68
Q

enhanceosome

A

moves nucleosomes out of the way for access to TATA box

69
Q

GCN5

A

coactivator protein that acetylates nucleosome

70
Q

CBP protein

A

coactivator with histone acetylase activity

recruits RNA polymerase II

71
Q

epigenetics

A

study of inherited changes in gene expression without a change in the underlying DNA sequence

72
Q

epigenetics is…

A

the inheritance of HOW the gene is expressed not WHAT genes are expressed

73
Q

silencing is generated in DNA methylation without…

A

any change in the DNA sequence

74
Q

what happens to one of the X chromosomes in females?

A

inactivated through methylation so double the genes aren’t expressed

g e n e t i c s (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions