(E1) 2 - Brain: Gross Topography (Part 1)

Question 1

Where is the mesencephalic flexure located?

Answer 1

Between the midbrain and hindbrain

Question 2

Where is the pontine flexure located?

Answer 2

Between the metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 3

Where is the cervical flexure located?

Answer 3

Between the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 4

What are the 3 components of the brainstem?

Answer 4

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
(in order top to bottom)

Question 5

Where does the spinal cord begin and end?

Answer 5

Begins at the pyramidal decussation
Ends at L1/2 in adults

Question 6

What landmark can be used for the beginning of the spinal cord?

Answer 6

Foramen Magnum

Question 7

What is the dural sac and where does it end?

Answer 7

Encases the spinal cord and ends at S2

Question 8

What are rootlets?

Answer 8

Come off the gray matter of the spinal cord and forms the roots (dorsal and ventral)

Question 9

What are gyri?

Answer 9

Elevations on the surface of the brain.

Question 10

What are sulci?

Answer 10

Depressions on the surface of the brain.

Question 11

What are the 4 landmarks used to denote the lobes of the brain?

Answer 11

• Central sulcus
• Lateral sulcus/fissure
• Preoccipital sulcus (imaginary)
• Parieto-occipital sulcus (imaginary)

Question 12

What are the borders of the frontal lobe?

Answer 12

• Frontal pole to the central sulcus
• Separated from the temporal lobe by lateral sulcus.

Question 13

What are the 3 important contents of the frontal lobe?

Answer 13

1. precentral gyrus
2. superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus
3. olfactory bulb and tract

Question 14

Where is Broca’s area?

Answer 14

Inferior frontal gyrus
- normally in the dominant hemisphere which most of the time is left

Question 15

Function of primary motor cortex - frontal lobe

Answer 15

initiation of voluntary movement

Question 16

Function of premotor area - frontal lobe

Answer 16

Planned movement - prepares motor cortex

Question 17

Function of Supplemental Area - frontal lobe

Answer 17

Complex Movement - prepares motor cortex

Question 18

What is the role of Broca’s area?

Answer 18

Language output - production of meaningful language

• coordinates activities of muscles of respiration, larynx, pharynx, lips and tongue

Question 19

Someone that has an injury to their Broca’s area is their comprehension intact?

Answer 19

Yes - Cannot speak though

Question 20

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex? - frontal lobe

Answer 20

• cognitive behavior
• personality expression
• modification of social behavior

Question 21

A person who received a Lobotomy, what was the targeted area?

Answer 21

Prefrontal Cortex - frontal lobe

Question 22

What are the borders of the parietal lobe?

Answer 22

• Central Sulcus
• Preoccipital notch - parietoocciptal sulcus (imaginary)
• Lateral sulcus

Question 23

Contents of the Parietal Lobe

Answer 23

Inferior Parietal Gyrus = combination of supramarginal & angular Gyri

• Wernicke’s area = Language INPUT, inferior parietal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus

Question 24

What is the most important functional area in the parietal lobe?

Answer 24

Primary somatosensory cortex (sensory strip)

Question 25

What area in the Parietal Lobe is responsible for comprehension of language?

Answer 25

Wernicke's area

Question 26

Describe someone that has an injury to their Wernicke's area

Answer 26

- Issues with language input/auditory comprehension - Speech ok (motor aspects)

Question 27

Describe Parietal Lesions (Parietal Lobe)

Answer 27

- Neglect Syndrome (posterior/inferior parietal lobe) - junction of parietal and temporal lobes (refer to image - only see one side of everything)

Question 28

Borders of the Occipital Lobe

Answer 28

Parietal and Temporal Lobes

Question 29

Function of the Occipital Lobe

Answer 29

Question 30

If someone damages their visual association cortex what might happen?

Answer 30

If damaged, can see object but don't recognize it

Question 31

Borders of the Temporal Lobe

Answer 31

Lateral sulcus and "imaginary line"

Question 32

Temporal Lobe Contents

Answer 32

Auditory Cortex

Question 33

Function of the Superior Gyri - Temporal Lobe

Answer 33

Wenicke's area (language input)

Question 34

Function of the Occipitotemporal Gyri (fusiform gyri) -Temporal Lobe

Answer 34

- Part of temporal and occipital lobe - Visual association cortex

Question 35

Describe the location and contents of the Primary Auditory Cortex - Temporal Lobe

Answer 35

- Within lateral fissure - Includes superior temporal gyrus

Question 36

Label 1-5

Answer 36

Question 37

What is the Insular cortex?

Answer 37

Question 38

What is the function of corpus callosum?

Answer 38

- Integrates motor, sensory, and cognitive activity between the right and left hemispheres - Only found in placental mammals - Largest white matter structure