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DPT 702/3: AFAB > E1- Low BAck > Flashcards

E1- Low BAck Flashcards

1
Q

what horn does the autonomic nerves run through

A

ventral

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2
Q

what horn does the somatic motor neuron run through and where does it go

A

ventral
nerves going out

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3
Q

what horn does the sensory neurons run through and where does it go

A

dorsal
nerves run to the spinal nerves

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4
Q

what are the posterior elements of the vertebrae

A

transverse/spinous process, laminae, articular process

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5
Q

what are the pedicles

A

bridge that connects the posterior elements to vertebral body

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6
Q

what affects spinal curves and LOG

A

limb position, fat deposition, muscle strength, connective tissue extensibility, loads, vertebral bodies, shape of facets

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7
Q

what is the purpose of spinal curves and LOG

A

provides strength and resilience but vulnerable to shear forces at transitions

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8
Q

where is the axis of rotation in flexion and extension in the vertebrae

A

vertebral body

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9
Q

where is the axis of rotation in SB in the vertebrae

A

vertebral body and disc

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10
Q

where is the axis of rotation during RT in the vertebrae

A

spinal canal

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11
Q

what is neutral zone

A

the amount of intervertebral movement that occurs with the least passive resistance

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12
Q

what happens when neutral zone is increased

A

increased with injury or weakness of surrounding tissues

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13
Q

Neutral zone is a better measurement of what

A

instability

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14
Q

what is core stability

A

viewed as a segmental level or as a whole

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15
Q

what is marked or chronic spinal instability

A

further injury to local ligaments
injury to facets, disc, and nerves
loss of ROM
may need surgery

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16
Q

describe T2-9

A

downward pointing spinous process
facets are vertical - frontal plane
pair of costal facets

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17
Q

describe T1

A

full costal attachment and demi

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18
Q

describe T10-12

A

full costal attachment

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19
Q

describe the lumbar region

A

massive wide bodies- support
TP project lateral- 1- 4 thin, 5 strong
SP broad
mammillary process off sup articular surface on posterior side

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20
Q

what plane are better for L1-4

A

sagittal

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21
Q

what plane are better for L5-S1

A

frontal

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22
Q

describe the sacrum

A

base - superior
apex - inferior
sacral promontory - anterior edge
ala are wings

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23
Q

what does the sacrum do

A

transmits weight of vertebral column to pelvis

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24
Q

what forms the the SI joint

A

large articular surface articulates with the ilium
sacrum moving on iliac

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25
Q

describe anterior sacrum

A

smooth concave
posterior wall of of pelvic cavity
4 ventral foramina

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26
Q

describe posterior sacrum

A

convex and rough - muscle attachment
spinal and lateral tubercle
transmit dorsi rami sacral spinal nerve roots

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27
Q

what is the cauda equina

A

at birth spinal cord= vertebral canal
adult spinal cord ends at L1
horse tail

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28
Q

what are the 3 functional components of intervertebral joints and their functions

A

T/SP- mechanical levers
apophyseal joints- guiding motion
interbody joint- absorb and distribute load

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29
Q

describe apophyseal joints

A

24 pairs
plane jt
lined with articular cartilage
mechanical barricades
m help control

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30
Q

where are intervertebral or interbody joints

A

C2-3 through L5-S1
disc, endplates, adjacent vb

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31
Q

describe the disc

A

hydraulic shock absorbing system
dissipates and transfers loads
GAGS, proteins, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, water

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32
Q

describe the annulus

A

15-25 concentric rings
prevent distraction/shear/torsion
connects to endplates

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33
Q

describe the endplate

A

cartilaginous cap
diffusion of O2 and glucose
vascular supply

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34
Q

what is the process for degenerated intervertebral discs

A

reduced permeability - reduced inhibits syntheses of proteoglycans
less proteoglycans- less water
less ability to absorb or transfer loads
not just with aging but with excessive or abnormal loads

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35
Q

what is viscoelastic

A

flexible low loads
rigid at high loads

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36
Q

what is the explanation for spinal coupling

A

muscle action, fact orientation, posture, ribs, stiffness, curve of spine

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37
Q

describe the thoracic region

A

stable base for musculature, protective organs, breathing
40-45 deg normal kyphosis
facets- frontal plane
all planes of motion
24 apophyseal joints

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38
Q

describe flexion in the thoracic region

A

30-40 deg
limited by ligs on posterior body

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39
Q

describe extension in the thoracic region

A

15-20 deg
limited by ALL and lamina of adjacent vb

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40
Q

what is the reason for more FLX/EXT in the lower thoracic region

A

free floating ribs and facets more sagittal

41
Q

what is the breakdown of flexion in the thoracolumbar region

A

85 deg = 35 thoracic + 50 lumbar
tension on capsule of apophyseal jt, interspinous, supraspinous, PLL and compression of anterior annulus

42
Q

what is the breakdown of extension in the thoracolumbar region

A

35 deg = 20 thoracic + 15 lumbar
tension on ALL, anterior annulus, capsule of apophyseal jt

43
Q

what is the degrees for RT in the thoracolumbar

A

25-35

44
Q

what is the degrees for SB in the thoracolumbar

A

25-30

45
Q

what are the normal ranges for the lumbar regions

A

FLX- 45-55
EXT- 15-25
RT- 5-7
SB- 20

46
Q

how does coupling compare the cervical and thoracic spine to lumabr

A

lumbar coupling is inconsistent compared to cervical and thoracic

47
Q

what is the arthrokinematics of the ribs during exhalation

A

upper costotransverse jt - ant RT
lower costotransverse jt - sup glide

produces thoracic flexion

48
Q

what is the arthrokinematics of the ribs during inhalation

A

upper costotransverse jt - post RT
lower costotransverse jt - inf glide

produces thoracic ext

49
Q

what happens when the pelvis has too much of an anterior tilit

A

increase in lumbar lordosis (extension)
contraction of hip flexors and back extensors

50
Q

how do we do a posterior tilt

A

contraction of hip extensors and abs

51
Q

what structures resist tension at L5/S1

A

disc
capsule of facets
ALL
facets - frontal plane
iliolumbar lig

create resistance force compression at L5/S1

52
Q

what is the iliolumbar lig

A

inf aspect of L4-5 and quadratus lumborum
firm anchor between L5 and ilium/sacrum

53
Q

what is lumbar spine kinematics

A

3 DOF
flexion 45-55
extension 15-25
RT 5-7
SB 20

54
Q

what happens during flexion of the lumbar spine

A

inf facets slide sup and ant
compression forces shift away from facets

55
Q

how does the disc change in flexion

A

disc goes posterior

56
Q

what happens during extension of the lumbar spine

A

inf facets slide inf and post
increased contact and load on facets

57
Q

how does the disc and foramina change with extension of lumbar spine

A

foramina size reduced and disc moves anterior

58
Q

what is the normal lumbar flexion to hip flexion ratio

A

45 deg lumbar flexion to 60 deg hip flexion

59
Q

what compensation happens there is limited hip flexion

A

greater flexion is required of lumbar and thoracic spine

60
Q

what compensation happens when there is limited lumbar flexion

A

greater flexion is required of the hips

61
Q

why is there a limited RT in the lumbar region

A

bony resistance due to facet alignment
more than 3 deg per segment would damage facet surface and tear AF

62
Q

what is the sacroiliac joint

A

junction between auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium, tight fitting for stability

63
Q

what is the keystone of the pelvic ring

A

sacrum

64
Q

what is the function of the SI jt

A

transfer weight of the upper body
shock absorber

65
Q

what is the SI jt innervation and pain locations

A

L5-S3
lower lumbar region, medial buttock, PSIS and SI jt ligs

66
Q

what is the role of the thoracolumbar fascia

A

mechanical stability of low back and SI jt

67
Q

how is the cartilage of the SI jt on the ilia side

A

fibrocartilage 1-2 mm thickness

68
Q

what is the purpose of of the grooves and ridges on SI jt as we age

A

enhances stability

69
Q

what is the innominate motion

A

iliac crests move on sacrum

70
Q

what is sacroiliac motion

A

sacrum moves on innominate

71
Q

what is nutation

A

anterior or forward motion of sacrum (flexion)

72
Q

what is counternutation

A

posterior or backward motion of sacrum (extension)

73
Q

what causes bilateral motion of sacrum

A

forward and backward bending of the trunk
nutation and counternutation

74
Q

what causes unilateral motion of sacrum

A

flexion and extension of LE (walking)
one side nutates and induces RT

75
Q

what motions can happen within the pelvis of the innominates in NWB

A

10-12 deg post RT with 6 mm ant translation
2 deg ant RT with 8 mm ant translation

76
Q

what motions can happen within the pelvis of the innominates in WB

A

2.5 deg RT with .5-1.6 mm translation

77
Q

what motions can happen within the pelvis of the sacrum

A

FLX/EXT
Lat RT
RT - 1 to 4 deg and 1-2 mm translation

78
Q

what is the closed packed position of the sacrum

A

standing when loaded
full nutation

79
Q

when is the sacrum unloaded and what happens

A

supine
return to counternutation
less stable

80
Q

what is happening to the sacral promontory in nutation

A

anterior and inferior

81
Q

what is the arthro of the sacrum with nutation

A

glides inferior down the short arm and posterior along the long arm

82
Q

what resist the motion of nutation

A

wedge shape of sacrum
ridges/depression
interosseous and sacrotuberous leg

83
Q

what is happening to the sacral promontory in counternutation

A

sacral base moves posterior and superior

84
Q

what is the arthro of the sacrum with counternutation

A

glides anterior along long arm and superior along short arm

85
Q

what resist the motion of counternutation

A

long dorsal ligament
less stable because sacrotuberous and interosseous are lax

86
Q

what is sacral torsion

A

the coupling of RT and SB

87
Q

what happens to the sacrum and pelvis when the lumbar flexes

A

sacrum extends (counternutation)
pelvis post tilt

88
Q

what happens to the sacrum and pelvis when the lumbar extends

A

sacrum flexes (nutates)
pelvis ant tilt

89
Q

what is the oblique axis

A

where the motion starts

90
Q

what is done on the superior axis

A

breathing - inhale base forward and coccyx/ILA, posterior

91
Q

what is the middle axis

A

nutation and counternutation
postural

92
Q

what is the inferior transverse axis

A

ilia on sacrum

93
Q

what is the vertical axis

A

unilateral RT

94
Q

what is physiological motion

A

anterior motion fixation/nutation

95
Q

what is non-physiological motion

A

posterior motion fixation/counternutation

96
Q

how is the sacrum positioned with L on L physiological

A

R nutated
L RT and FLX
on L oblique axis

97
Q

how is the sacrum positioned with R on R physiological

A

L nutated
R RT and FLX
on R oblique axis

98
Q

how is the sacrum positioned with L on R non-physiological

A

L RT and EXT
R counternutated
on R oblique axis

99
Q

how is the sacrum positioned with R on L non-physiological

A

R RT and EXT
L counternutated
on L oblique axis

DPT 702/3: AFAB (7 decks)

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