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Science 8 (22-23) > ✔ E.1 Water > Flashcards

✔ E.1 Water Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

the tendency of water to stick to other substances

A

Adhesion

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2
Q

the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object that is immersed in the fluid

A

Buoyancy

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3
Q

the process that moves water through a narrow porous space

A

Capillary Action

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4
Q

the attractive force between water molecules

A

Cohesion

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5
Q

the force that acts on the particles at the surface of a material

A

Surface Tension

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6
Q

the process of warm air cooling as it rises and releasing moisture in the form of a liquid

A

Condensation

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7
Q

the process by which a liquid is changed into a vapor from the surface by gaining energy

A

Evaporation

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8
Q

water located below Earth’s surface in aquifers

A

groundwater

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9
Q

the portion of the Earth that contains water; all the water on the earth

A

Hydrosphere

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10
Q

does not allow water to move through

A

Impermeable

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11
Q

water that seeps into rocks and between particles of soil; see percolation

A

Infiltration

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12
Q

the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to gravity

A

Percolation

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13
Q

having pores or openings that allow water (or other liquids) to flow through them

A

permeable

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14
Q

the rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds onto the Earth’s land and oceans

A

Precipitation

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15
Q

is precipitation that flows over land into streams and rivers.

A

Runoff

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16
Q

water found on the surface of the Earth

A

Surface Water

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17
Q

water vapor given off by plant photosynthesis via water vapor through the pores in the leaves (stomata)

A

Transpiration

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18
Q

an underground layer of rock or soil that holds water

A

Aquifer

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19
Q

a well in which water rises because of pressure within aquifer from water above

A

Artesian Well

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20
Q

a long period of scarce rainfall

A

Drought

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21
Q

a large mass of moving ice and snow on land

A

Glaciers

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22
Q

the study of water

A

Hydrology

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23
Q

a glacier forming on an extensive area of relatively level land and flowing outward from its center; ex. Greenland or Antarctica

A

Icecaps

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24
Q

a large floating mass of freshwater ice detached from a glacier

A

Icebergs

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25
a man made lake that stores water for human use
Reservoir
26
the region of land drained by a large river and its tributaries
River Basin
27
the land area that supplies water to a river system from smaller areas
Watershed
28
land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year
Wetland
29
the change in depth of the ocean due to the moon’s and sun’s gravitational pull of the water on earth
Tides
30
a disturbance in ocean water caused by wind
Ocean Wave
31
a seismic sea wave
Tsunami
32
a circulation or movement of water due to the winds; warm or cool
Surface Current
33
an underwater circulation or movement of water due to changes in the water’s density (salinity; temperature); cold
Deep Current
34
the movement of water (a river of water and sand) parallel to the beach caused by waves striking the beach at an angle
longshore current/drift https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfzAeQXhSGk
35
the quick movement of water offshore due to a break in an offshore sandbar; caused many swimmers to drown each year
Rip Current or Rip Tide
36
mostly flat portion of ocean floor which provides a home to a variety of unique organisms that are adapted to the extreme conditions of this habitat
abyssal plain
37
lowest layer of the ocean, where light does not reach.
Aphotic Zone (a-photic = no-light)
38
organisms that live on or in the ocean floor.
Benthos
39
the production of non-thermal light by creatures' converting chemical energy to light energy to lure prey, attract a mate, or assist in keeping like species together. An estimated 75 percent of benthic creatures glow
Bioluminescence
40
extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply drops off into a steep slope.
Continental Shelf
41
the steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain.
Continental Slope
42
body of water where a river meets the ocean, mix of fresh and salty water
Estuary
43
the area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line.
Intertidal Zone
44
a chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean at diverging tectonic plate boundaries
Mid-Ocean Ridge
45
a category of free-swimming organisms whose movements are independent of the tides, currents, and waves.
Nekton
46
the first 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water, which includes the seashore and most of the continental shelf.
Neritic Zone
47
extends from 200 meters (656 feet) deep all the way down to the bottom of the ocean.
Oceanic Zone
48
the deepest parts of the ocean
Ocean trench The deepest one is the Marianas Trench (located in the South Pacific Ocean - almost 5 miles (8.05 kilometers) deep.
49
the top layer of the ocean where sunlight penetrates, above 200 meters
Photic Zone
50
the plant and algae component of the plankton; the primary producers of most ocean food webs
Phytoplankton
51
the amount of dissolved solids in seawater approximately 35 parts per thousand
Salinity
52
the upward movement to the ocean surface of deeper, cold and usually nutrient-rich waters, especially along some shores, due to the offshore movement of surface waters
Upwelling
53
a device used to determine depth by sound waves.
Echo sounder
54
a unit of measure for ocean depth. This unit is 6 feet (1.83 meters).
Fathom
55
the study and exploration of the world's ocean.
Oceanography
56
unmanned submersible tethered to a mother ship and operated by pilots using a joy stick.
ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle)
57
device that allows divers to breathe underwater for long periods of time.
Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (Scuba)
58
used to measure ocean depth by sending sound to bounce off the ocean floor
SONAR - SOund NAvigationRanging
59
a small submarine used to explore the ocean depths; equipped with windows, lights, mechanical arms, cameras and other scientific instruments capable of seeing and recording data
Submersible
60
the only substance on Earth that occurs naturally as a solid, liquid, and a gas
Water
61
this characteristic of water is one reason that the water encountered on Earth is rarely pure
it's the universal solvent, meaning many other substances dissolve in it
62
According to the USGS, water covers about what percent of the Earth's surface
71%
63
Most of the water on Earth is not drinkable because...
it is saltwater
64
The majority of freshwater exists in the form of...
ice caps and glaciers
65
What percentage of freshwater is frozen?
77%
66
Why is the ocean salty?
because it contains dissolved chemicals eroded from the Earth's crust and washed into the ocean
67
Salinity in ocean waters is increased by...
evaporation or freezing of sea ice
68
Salinity in ocean waters is decrease as a result of...
rainfall, runoff, and the melting of ice
69
The average salinity of sea water is...
35 parts per thousand

Science 8 (22-23) (11 decks)

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