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Radio II: Exam 2 > E2: Benign tumors of the jaws > Flashcards

E2: Benign tumors of the jaws Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a benign tumor?

A
  • Any swelling
  • One of the four signs of inflammation: calor, dolor, rubor, and tumor
  • Neoplasm
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2
Q

What are the 4 signs of inflammation?

A

calor, dolor, rubor, and tumor

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3
Q

What are the different broad types of neoplasm?

A

benign and malignant

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4
Q

What is the definition of benign?

A

a neoplasm that does not spread to remote parts of the body (metastasis) and does not invade adjacent normal tissues

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5
Q

What is the definition of malignant?

A

invades surrounding tissues, may metastasize to other sites, and are likely to recur, and may be fatal to the patient

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6
Q

An abnormal tissue growth by cellular proliferation, usually a distinct mass of tissue is called a _____.

A

neoplasm

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7
Q

T/F: Growth of neoplasm is faster than normal and continues to grow even after the stimuli discontinues.

A

true

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8
Q

T/F: Neoplasms have partial or complete lack of structural organization and functional coordination with the normal tissue

A

true

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9
Q

What are the main characteristics of a benign tumor?

A
  • New growth of tissues, grows slowly
  • Spreads by direct extension
  • Histologically similar to native tissue
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10
Q

A _____ has limited growth, overgrowth of disorganized tissue

A

hamartoma

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11
Q

A ____ has organized growth

A

hyperplasia

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12
Q

What are the main imaging features of benign tumors?

A
  • Slow growing, therefore margins are smooth
  • Capsule around the lesion
  • Lucent to mixed content
  • Displaces tooth, canal, or cortex
  • Resorbs roots, perforates cortical bone
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13
Q

What are the main characteristics of torus palatinus?

A
  • Hyperostosis in the middle third of the hard palate
  • 20% of the population
  • Depends on race
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14
Q

What is the location, border and internal content of torus palatinus?

A
  • Location: On PA or pan, attached to and below the hard palate
  • Border: Well‐defined, corticated, lobulated
  • Internal content: Uniformly radiopaque
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15
Q
A

torus palatinus

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16
Q
A

torus palatinus

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17
Q

What are the main characteristics of torus mandibularis?

A
  • Lingual hyperostosis near the mandibular premolars
  • 8% of the population
  • Unilateral or bilateral
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18
Q

What is the location, border and internal content of torus mandibularis?

A
  • Location: Superimposed over cervical are of premolars, mostly bilateral
  • Border: Smooth, well defined, non corticated margin
  • Internal content: Uniformly radiopaque
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19
Q
A

torus mandibularis

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20
Q
A

hyperostosis (exostosis)

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21
Q

An ____ is the internal counterpart of exostosis

A

enostosis

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22
Q

What are the different synonyms for enostosis?

A

dense bone island
idiopathic osteosclerosis

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23
Q

What are the locations for enostosis?

A

Anywhere. Mandible> maxilla; premolar‐molar area

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24
Q

What is the periphery of enostosis described as?

A

Well‐defined, no lucent border, no cortication, sometimes blends

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25
What is the content of an enostosis?
uniformly radiopaque
26
What are the effects of enostosis?
* May resorb or displace roots * May wrap around IAC. Canal is not displaced or compressed
27
enostosis
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enostosis
29
Differential Diagnosis of Enostosis
Sclerosing osteitis: associated with inflammation. The adjacent tooth is pulp exposed Sialolith
30
sclerosing osteitis
31
Idiopathic osteosclerosis vs. sclerosing osteitis characteristics
32
sialolith
33
What are the clinical features of ameloblastoma?
* Locally invasive, aggressive, yet benign * Malignant form of ameloblastoma * Multicystic or unicystic * Unicystic mural ameloblastoma arising from dentigerous cyst * Soft tissue ameloblastoma * More often in men, in African, * Average age: 40 years * Initially asymptomatic * Facial swelling: early sign
34
What are the imaging features of ameloblastoma?
35
ameloblastoma
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ameloblastoma
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ameloblastoma
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ameloblastoma
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ameloblastoma
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ameloblastoma
41
What are the characteristics of recurrent ameloblastomas?
* May recur after surgery - compartments appear thicker * Multiple cyst like appearance * May be separated with normal bone
42
What are the characteristics of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor?
* Pindborg tumor * Rare, less aggressive than ameloblastoma * Has mineralized substance
43
What is the location of an calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor?
Similar to ameloblastoma, mostly mandibular premolar‐molar area, associated with an impacted tooth
44
What is the border of an calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor?
Usually, well‐defined cyst‐like cortex
45
What is the internal structure of an calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor?
* Unilocular or multilocular * Many radiopacities, some near the crown of a tooth * Thin trabeculation may be present
46
What is the effect of an calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor?
* Displaces tooth, prevents eruption * Jaw expansion
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calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
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calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
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calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
50
calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
51
What are the clinical features of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor?
* Rare, non‐aggressive tumor * May contain dentinoid and enamel matrix * Follicular type: associated with crown of an impacted tooth * Extra‐follicular type: No tooth association
52
What is the location of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor?
* Mostly maxilla, incisor‐canine‐premolar region * Often associated with an impacted tooth, but not limited to the CEJ
53
What is the border of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor?
Well‐defined, corticated
54
What is the internal content of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor?
Some radiodense materials in some tumors. Others may be lucent
55
What is the effect of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor?
* Displacement of teeth * Root resorption rare * Some expansion, but cortex usually intact
56
adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
57
What are the clinical features of odontogenic myxoma?
* Uncommon, benign, intraosseous lesions * Unilocular or multilocular * Nonencapsulated, infiltrates adjacent areas, but does not metastasize * Only in the jaws, hence termed odontogenic
58
What is the location of odontogenic myxoma?
* Mandible: Maxilla 3:1 * In mandible, molar‐premolar area, rarely non‐tooth bearing area * In maxilla, alveolar process of molar‐premolar area
59
What is the border of odontogenic myxoma?
* In mandible, well defined * In maxilla, poorly defined
60
What is the internal content of odontogenic myxoma?
* Mixed appearance * Straight septa is the clue, but many septa are curved
61
What is the effects of odontogenic myxoma?
* Displaces and loosens teeth * Rarely resorbs roots * Some expansion
62
Odontogenic Myxoma
63
Odontogenic Myxoma
64
What are the clinical features of cementoblastoma?
* True Cementoma * Slow‐growing, mesenchymal tumor, mostly of cementum * Bulbous growth around the apex * Mostly with permanent teeth * Tooth is vital, but often painful * Mostly male * 12‐65 years, usually patient are young
65
What is the location of cementoblastoma?
mostly mandible
66
What is the border of cementoblastoma?
Well‐defined radiopacity, surrounded by radiolucent band, and then by a corticated margin
67
What is the internal content of cementoblastoma?
* Mixed lesion, mostly radiodense * Root may not be visible
68
What is the effect of cementoblastoma?
* May cause root resorption * May expand bone, but no perforation
69
benign cementoblastoma
70
What are the clinical features of odontoma?
* Compound and complex * Histologically, has mature enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp * Complex: No morphological similarity to a tooth * Compound: Similar to a tooth, may be small denticles
71
What is the location of odontoma?
Compound frequently in anterior maxilla, complex frequently in mandible. Can be in either jaws.
72
What is the border of odontoma?
Well‐defined, soft tissue band, corticated margins
73
What is the internal content of odontoma?
Tooth‐like radiopaque structures
74
What is the effect of odontoma?
* Prevents eruption of normal teeth * Large odontomas may expand the jaws * Dentigerous cyst
75
compound odontoma
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compound odontoma
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complex odontoma
78
What are the clinical features of ameloblastic fibroma?
* Soft odontoma * Benign mixed odontogenic tumor
79
What is the location of ameloblastic fibroma?
* Premolar‐molar area of mandible * Near alveolar crest, occlusal to an impacted tooth
80
What is the border of ameloblastic fibroma?
Well‐defined, corticated
81
What is the internal content of ameloblastic fibroma?
Unilocular: radiolucent. Multilocular: with septa
82
What is the effect of ameloblastic fibroma?
Expands cortical plate, prevents eruption
83
ameloblastic fibroma
84
ameloblastic fibroma * Mixed internal content * Larger lesion has extensive calcifications
85
Ameloblastic Fibro‐odontoma
86
What are the clinical features of neurilemoma?
* Schwannoma * Mandible a common site * Pain uncommon
87
What is the location of neurilemoma?
* Mandible: Maxilla 10:1 * Within expanded inferior alveolar canal, or outside mental foramen
88
What is the border of neurilemoma?
Well defined margin
89
What is the internal structure of neurilemoma?
Radiolucent
90
What is the effect of neurilemoma?
* When near the foramen, enlarges it * Enlarges the canal * May resorb roots
91
What are the clinical features of neurofibroma?
* Moderately firm, benign, well‐defined tumors * When in mandibular canal, causes pain or paresthesia
92
What is the location of neurofibroma?
In mandibular canal, cancellous bone, below periosteum
93
What is the border of neurofibroma?
Sharp, corticated, fusiform lesion
94
What is the internal content of neurofibroma?
Unilocular, rarely multilocular
95
What is the effect of neurofibroma?
Expands, or perforates cortex
96
neurofibroma
97
neurofibroma
98
Osteomas can be a ____ or _____.
benign tumor or hamartoma
99
What are the three types of osteoma?
composed of cortical bone, cancellous bone or a combination of both
100
T/F: Osteomas are external.
false (both external or internal)
101
What is the location of osteomas?
* Mandible> maxilla, usually posterior mandible * Paranasal sinuses, frontal sinus
102
What is the border of osteomas?
well defined
103
What is the internal content of osteomas?
* Uniformly radiopaque * Cancellous type have trabeculation
104
What is the effect of osteomas?
Displaces structures, dysfunction
105
osteoma
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osteoma
107
Which syndome has multiple osteoma, multiple enostosis, sebaceous cysts, multiple polyps of the intestines, and multiple unerupted supernumerary or permanent teeth?
Gardner's syndrome
108
What are the clinical features of central hemangiomas?
* Proliferation of blood vessels, benign tumors, hamartoma * Any part of the body, but mostly on skin * Rare in jaws
109
What is the location of central hemangioma?
Mandible > maxilla, posterior body of the mandible
110
What is the border of central hemangioma?
Well or ill defined, may appear as a malignancy
111
What is the internal content of central hemangioma?
May be multilocular
112
What is the effect of central hemangioma?
* Roots resorb * Enlargement of the canal * Early eruption
113
central hemangioma
114
central hemangioma
115
What are the clinical features of ossifying fibroma?
* A bone tumor containing fibrous tissues and abnormal bone * May have similar features as a fibrous dysplasia (to be discussed later) except a soft tissue capsule. * Any age, but mostly young adults * More females than males * Grows rapidly, displaces teeth
116
What is the location of ossifying fibroma?
In facial bones, mostly mandible
117
What is the border of ossifying fibroma?
* Well‐defined, has a lucent (fibrous) capsule * Sclerotic border may be present
118
What is the internal content of ossifying fibroma?
* Mixed density * If radiolucent, there are hints of calcification
119
What is the effect of ossifying fibroma?
* Expansion of cortices—concentric growth * Displacement of teeth or canal
120
ossifying fibroma
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ossifying fibroma
122
ossifying fibroma

Radio II: Exam 2 (8 decks)

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