Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUR 333 > E2 Perfusion Cardiovascular & Peripheral Vascular > Flashcards

E2 Perfusion Cardiovascular & Peripheral Vascular Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Afterload

A

the pressure that the heart must work against to eject blood during systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiac Output =

A

Stroke volume (mL/beat) x heart rate (beats/min)

Volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ejection fraction

A

The % of blood pumped out of left ventricle with each contraction
Normal = >50%
Heart Failure = <40%

Ex. 100mLs of blood sitting in left ventricle on diastole contract 50% ejected (Normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infarction/ necrosis

A

Obstruction of the blood supply to an organ or region of tissue, typically by a thrombus or embolus, causing local death of the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ischemia

A

Blood flow decreased leading to insufficient O2 (hypoxia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myocardial contractility

A

How hard the heart contracts regardless of stretch factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Preload

A

the amount of stretch during diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Embolism travels to superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, and finally the lungs (gets stuck here)

Can Kill You

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference btwn systolic and diastolic pressure

Normal= 1/3 of Systolic

High in older people, atherosclerosis, exercise

Low in severe heart failure, hypovolemia (low blood volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulsus alternans

A

Regular rhythm but strength of pulse varies with each beat
Ex. Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stroke

A

Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stoke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle every pump (mL/beat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Venous thromboembolism (VTE)

A

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot that has become dislodged from another site in circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is at risk for a VTE?

A
  1. Venous stasis (Blood pooling in vein)
  2. Hypercoagulability (Thickened blood)
  3. Endothelial damage (Blood vessel wall)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VTE S/S

A

-localized redness, tenderness, swelling over vein sites
-Warmth, tenderness, firmness of muscle in calf
-Complaints of calf pain with ambulation
-Usually unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Assessment for VTE

A

Palpation for s/s of inflammation/ phlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

VTE- Diagnosis (detection)

A

-Obtain history
-Physical assessment
-vascular ultrasound studies
-Ultrasound is the only reliable tool to detect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can we do as a nurse to prevent/ assess for VTEs?

A

-Assess for symptoms
-Measure calf circumference
-Calf tenderness/phlebitis checks

-Early ambulation
-Thromb-embolic deterrent (TEDS)
-Sequential compression device (SCDs)
-Calf pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

VTE treatment

A

-Prevention is KEY
-Anticoagulation (levonox or heprin)
-Thrombolytic (lyses a thrombus)
-IVC filter (Vena cava device to catch clots before they get to lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Placement of telemetry leads

A

Snow over grass
Smoke over Fire
Chocolate close to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Murmurs

A

Swooshing sound, problem with valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clicks

A

pt has had mechanical valve so hear click on close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rubs

A

rub of pericardial sac, stratchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

5 P’s of Peripheral vascular checks

Study These Flashcards
A

Pain (0-10)
Pulse (0-4+)
Pallor (color)
Paresthesia (feel)
Paralysis (movement)

25
Nursing implementation for cardiovascular system
-Strict I&O -Oxygen PRN -Telemetry -Administer Meds -Monitor labs (CBC, Lipid panel) -Implement heart healthy diet (DASH) -Limit stress -Prevent thrombus formation
26
Nurse care: Patient teaching for Cardiovascular system
-Patient centered -Set goals and provide resources -Avoid smoking & Alcohol consumption - Limit stress -Control HTN, HLP, DM -Nutrition -Exercise
27
Flow of blood into heart
-Blood comes into Right atrium -Right ventricle -Pulmonary arteries in lungs -Picks up O2 in lungs -Pulmonary vein back to heart -Left atrium -Left ventricle -Aorta -Body tissue
28
Perfusion
Passage of fluid through circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or tissue Tissue would die w/o perfusion
29
Alterations in cardiac output:
1. Heart rate 2. Stroke Volume 3. Myocardial contractility
30
What are examples of things that can alter Cardiac Output
-Medications -Disease Processes -Activity
31
Blood Pressure
Force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls 120/80
32
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Compressions-Airway-Breathing 1st Check for pulse then call for help Rate: 100-120 BMP Depth: 2 in Breaths 10-12 Breaths per min Ratio: 30-2
33
High blood pressure definition not number
Pressure in your arteries is higher than it should be
34
Daily variation of BP
0000-0300: Lowest 0300-0600: Slow Rise Wake Up: surge 1000-1800: Highest
35
Modifiable risk factors of HTN
-Diabetes Mellitus -Elevated serum lipids -Excess Na+ intake -Obesity -Sedentary lifestyle -Stress -Tobacco & Alcohol Use
36
Nonmodifiable risk factors of HTN
-Family History -Race/Ethnicity -Increasing age -Gender -Chronic kidney disease -Obstructive sleep apnea
37
Hypertensive pts have increased
Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, hematocrit
38
Diagnosis of HTN
Average of 2 or more readings on at least subsequent health care visits is above 120/80 might check EKG or CXR
39
Hypertension symptoms
-Dizziness -Headache -Heart palpations -nosebleed -short breath -anger -red face -visual problems -fatigue -insomnia -sore knee -raised temp
40
Hypertensive crisis
BP > 180/110 Severe headache Dyspnea or chest pain Dizziness, numbness, weakness Loss of vision Difficulty speaking Nosebleeds Severe anxiety Unresponsive
41
What foods have a high sodium content
-Cheese -Condiments (BBQ) -Soy sauce -Pickles -Seasoning salt
42
Hypotension
SBP falls below <90mmHG -Is pt symptomatic? Don't treat if no
43
Causes of hypotension
-Dilation of arteries -Loss of blood volume -Failure of heart muscles
44
Symptoms of Hypotension
-Skin: pallor, skin mottling, clamminess -Decreased perfusion to brain: Lightheadedness, dizziness, syncope, confusion -Blurred vision -Chest pain: Angina -increased HR: rapid or weak -Decreased Urine Output -N/V
45
Treatment of hypotension
Treat the cause -Vasodilation -Loss of blood volume -Failure of heart muscle to pump
46
What type of people get orthostatic hypotension
-Those that don't have hypotension -Elderly -Immobilized or bedrest -Pregnant
47
Diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension
-SBP decrease of 20mmHG or more -DBP decrease pf 10mmHG or more
48
Nursing care for orthostatic patients
-Change position slowly/ dangle at bedside -Don't cross legs when sitting -Early ambulation -If immobile, balance rest and activity -Perform isometric exercises -Wear compression hose -Avoid standing for long periods of time
49
Describe lipids
fat-like particles in blood stream
50
Describe cholesterol
waxy-fat-like substance found in all cells of body
51
Where is cholesterol made?
Liver mainly and diet
52
What is the most common fat in the body?
Triglycerides
53
Why do we care about hyperlipidemia?
It forms hard deposit inside of arteries called atherosclerosis Worry about it building up on the arterial walls causing it to narrow and less elastic/ flexible (prevent perfusion)
54
Normal Cholesterol
<200mg/dL
55
Normal LDL (Bad guys)
<130mg/dL
56
Normal HDL (Good guys)
Male >45mg/dL Females >55mg/dL
57
Hyperlipidemia: Diagnostic Test
Test at age 20. Test every 4-6 years At age 40, assess 10 year risk for experiencing CVD or Stroke
58
Dietary modifications of Hyperlipidemia pt
-Reduce saturated and trans fats -Increase in complex carbohydrates & fiber (whole grains, fruits, veggies) -Limit major source of cholesterol (red meat, egg yolk, whole milk) -If you have high triglycerides limits alcohol -eat fatty fish weekly -Eat foods other than fatty fish high in OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS (soy bean, canola, walnuts, flax seeds)
59
Common perfusion concerns
1. Hypertension 2. Hypotension 3. Hyperlipidemia 4. Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

NUR 333 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions