E2 Project and Relationship MGMT Flashcards

(101 cards)

1
Q

Mintzberg’s Five Ps

A
Plan
Pattern
Ploy
Position
Perspective
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2
Q

Levels of Strategy

A

Corporate
Business
Operational

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3
Q

Emergent Strategy

A

Manage stability
Detect discontinuity
Manage patterns
Reconcile change and continuity

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4
Q

Prescriptive Schools

A

Design school
Planning school
Positioning school

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5
Q

Design School

A

Conception

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6
Q

Planning School

A

Formal

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7
Q

Positioning School

A

Analytical

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8
Q

Descriptive Schools

A
Environmental 
Cognitive
Entrepreneurial
Power
Cultural
Learning
Configuration
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9
Q

Environment

A

Reactive

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10
Q

Cognitive

A

Mental

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11
Q

Entrepreneurial

A

Visionary

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12
Q

Power

A

Negotiation

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13
Q

Cultural

A

Collective

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14
Q

Learning

A

Emergent

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15
Q

Configuration

A

Transformation

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16
Q

Benefits of rational approach to strategy

A
Long term view
Identifies key strategic issues
Goal congruence
Communicates responsibility
Co-ordinates SBUs
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17
Q

Problems with rational approach to strategy

A
Not dynamic
Bureaucratic and inflexible
Difficulty getting participation
Impossible in uncertain environments
Stifles innovation and creativity
Complex and costly
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18
Q

Objectives for Not For Profit organisations

A

Effectiveness
Efficiency
Economy

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19
Q

Porter’s three generic strategies

A

Cost leadership - low price
Differentiation - innovation
Focus - on small part of market

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20
Q

Bowman’ strategic clock

A
1 low price/low value
2 low price
3 hybrid
4 differentiation
5 focused differentiation
6 increased price/std product
7 high price/low value
8 low value/std price
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21
Q

Positioning view

A

“Outside in”

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22
Q

Resource-based view

A

“Inside out”

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23
Q

Porter’s value chain

Support activities

A

Firm infrastructure
Technology development
HR mgmt
Procurement

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24
Q

Porter’s value chain

Primary activities

A
Inbound logistics
Operations
Outbound logistics
Sales & Marketing
Service
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25
PESTEL
``` Political Economic Social Technology Environment Legal ```
26
LoNGPEST
Local National Global
27
Porter's five force analysis
``` New entrants Competitor rivalry Substitutes Power of buyers Power of suppliers ```
28
Porter's diamond
Factor conditions Related & supporting industries Firm strategy, Structure & Rivalry Demand conditions
29
Big Data | Characteristics
Velocity Volume Variety
30
Levels of competitors
Brand Industry Form Generic
31
Types of power
``` Reward Coercive Referent Expert Legitimate ```
32
Types of authority
Charismatic Traditional Rational-legal
33
Weber
Bureaucratic Management Specialisation Hierarchy Rules Impersonality
34
Elton Mayo
Human Relations school Psychological contract Showing interest in workers Team work increasing motivation Good communications/relations
35
Frederick Herzberg
Hygiene factors | Motivating factors
36
Hygiene factors
``` Policies for staff treatment Level of supervision Pleasant working conditions Appropriate level of salary and status Team working ```
37
Motivational factors
``` Sense of achievement Recognition of good work Increased responsibility Career advancement Attraction of the job ```
38
Maslow
``` Hierarchy of needs Self fulfilment Ego Social Safety/security Basic/physiological ```
39
Douglas McGregor
Theory X - lazy | Theory Y - enjoy their work
40
Kurt Lewin
Leadership styles Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-faire (leaves group to get on)
41
Blake and Mouton managerial grid
X axis - concern for people Y axis - concern for production ``` (9,1) task orientated (1,9) country club (1,1) impoverished (5,5) middle road (9,9) team ```
42
Taylor
Scientific management
43
Fayol
``` Administrative management Five functions of management Planning Organising Co-ordinating Commanding Controlling ```
44
Druker's Five Fundamental Questions
``` What is our mission? Who is our customer? What is our plan? What are our results? What does the customer value? ```
45
The Equality Act (2010)
``` Age Disability Gender reassignment Civil partnership Pregnancy & Maternity Race Religion Sex Sexual orientation ```
46
Reasons for dismissal
``` Conduct Capacity Statutory duty Other substantial reason Redundancy ```
47
Types of organisational control
Personal centralised control Bureaucratic control Output control Cultural control
48
The Balanced Scorecard
Financial perspective Internal business process Learning & growth Customer perspective
49
Drucker's key objectives
``` Profitability Innovation Market standing Productivity Financial & Physical resources Managerial performance & development Worker performance and attitude Public responsibility ```
50
Reward systems Intrinsic Extrinsic
Intrinsic - job satisfaction Extrinsic - pay, working conditions
51
Organisational Culture "the way we do things around here' Levels of culture
Artefacts & creations Values Basic assumptions
52
Levels of culture | Artefacts & creations
Dress codes Patterns of behaviour Physical symbols (brand, logos) Office layout
53
Levels of culture | Values
Language Behaviour How people justify doing what they do
54
Levels of culture | Basic assumptions
Beliefs on environmental issues | How people should be treated
55
Influence on culture
``` Size Technology Diversity Age History Ownership ```
56
The cultural web framework
``` The paradigm Control systems Organisational structures Power structures Symbols Rituals & Routines Stories & Myths ``` Page 333
57
Hofstede - Culture
``` Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism v collectivism Masculinity v femininity Time orientation ```
58
McKinsey 7-S model
``` Strategy Structure Systems Shared values Skills Styles Staff ```
59
Organisational iceberg
``` Formal aspects (visible) Behavioural aspects (hidden) ```
60
Formal aspects (visible)
``` Goals Technology Procedures Structure Skills ```
61
Behavioural aspects (hidden)
``` Attitudes Style Communication patterns Values Feelings Beliefs ```
62
Benefits of groups
``` Increased productivity Synergy (2+2=5) Improved focus & responsibility Improved problem solving Greater creativity Increased satisfaction Increased motivation Improved info flows ```
63
Problems with groups
Conformity Abilene paradox Group polarisation "risky shift" Groupthink
64
Team development
Forming Storming Morning Performing
65
Belbin - team roles
``` Leader Shaper Plant Monitor-evaluator Resource-investigator Company worker Team worker Finisher ```
66
Belbin - leader
Co-ordinating, stable, dominating extrovert
67
Belbin - shaper
Commuted to task, aggressive, anxious, dominant extrovert
68
Belbin - plant
Thoughtful and thought provoking, high IQ
69
Belbin - monitor-evaluator
Analyses others ideas, brings group down to earth, stable introvert, high IQ
70
Belbin - resource-investigator
Adds to other's ideas, social type of person
71
Belbin - finisher
Unpopular but necessary individual, anxious introvert.
72
Communication Noise | Environment/physical
Loud music | Difficult to read text
73
Communication Noise | Physiological
Hearing loss Poor eyesight Speech impairment
74
Communication Noise | Semantic
Different dialects Language Jargon Words with several meaning
75
Communication Noise | Psychological
Attitude | Anger/sadness may cause someone to lose focus
76
Six principles of Influence
``` Reciprocity Commitment Social proof Liking Authority Scarcity ```
77
Influence | Reciprocity
Precious favours
78
Influence | Commitment
Early commitment | Difficult to later withdraw support
79
Influence | Liking
Building relationships with those you want to influence
80
Influence | Authority
Getting backing from senior staff will encourage others to back you
81
Influence | Scarcity
People need to know they could miss out
82
Negotiating process
1. Preparation 2. Opening 3. Bargaining 4. Closing
83
Emergent Strategy
Negotiation, bargaining and compromise rather than deliberate
84
Opportunistic Strategy
New ideas introduced as opportunities arise
85
Imposed Strategies
Forced by circumstances
86
Cyert and March | Resolving stakeholder conflict
Satisficing Sequential attention Side payments Exercise power
87
Core Competencies
Areas in which the organisation must do well in order to keep ahead of its competitors
88
Porter's Competitor Analysis Identifying competitor's...
Strategy Objectives Assumptions about the industry Resources and capabilities
89
Vertical Integration
The supply chain of a company is owner by that company
90
Brand competitors
Similar products, | Similar prices
91
Industry competitors
Similar goods but different prices and not necessarily same size of structure
92
Form competitors
Products satisfy the same needs although technically different
93
Generic competitors
Compete for the same income
94
Core competencies
Competitive advantage
95
Threshold competencies
"Keep up" with competitors
96
Mainwaring | Conflicting managing strategies
Stimulation & orchestration Suppression Reduction Resolution
97
Mainwaring | "Stimulation & orchestration"
Encourages conflict to generate new ideas, stimulates change
98
Mainwaring | "Suppression"
Use or threatened use of authority or force
99
Mainwaring | "Reduction"
Building on areas of agreement
100
Mainwaring | "Resolution"
Eliminates root causes of conflict
101
Vaill: High performance teams
``` Clarification of broad purpose, Commitment to purpose, Teamwork focus on the task at hand, Strong & clear leadership, Generation of inventions ```