E3 Clicker Questions Flashcards by Emily Gallardo

Properties of mycobacteria include all except:

A. Presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall
B. Positive acid fast staining
C. Presence of lipid compounds in the cell wall
D. Survival in the macrophages
E. Obligate intracellular pathogen

E. Obligate intracellular pathogen

It is supposed to be facultative.

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Mycolic acid present in the cell wall of mycobacteria, contribute to the virulence and acid fast staining property.

A. True
B. False

A. True

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Which of the following mycobacterium is a common cause of zoonotic tuberculosis?

A. M. tuberculosis
B. M. bovis
C. M paratuberculosis
D. M. lepraemurium

B. M. bovis

Because of the wide broad strain.

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Which of the following is incorrect about mycobacterium infections?

A. Induce granulomatous inflammation
B. Multinucleated macrophages are common in lesions
C. Caseous necrosis and mineralization may be present in lesions
D. Humoral immunity helps in protecting from infections

D. Humoral immunity helps in protecting from infections

Supposed to be cellular immune response. The rest are prominent features of mycobacterium infections.

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Combination antimicrobial therapy is recommended in the treatment tuberculosis to destroy multiple species of mycobacteria infecting a patient.

A. True
B. False

B. False

Need to use combinations to PREVENT the development of antimicrobial resistance.

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Which of the following statement is incorrect about Mycobacterium bovis?

A. It can infect a wide range of host species
B. Transmission can occur through ingestion of unpasteurized milk and meat products
C. Cause lesions indistinguishable from M. tuberculosis infections in humans
D. Vaccination is the most effective way of controlling the disease

D. Vaccination is the most effective way of controlling the disease

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Which of the following is least likely to be infected with M. tuberculosis?

A. Human
B. Vervet monkey
C. Elephant
D. Duck

D. Duck

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Choose the incorrect statement.

A. Swine dysentery is caused by Brachyspira hyodysentriae
B. The bacteria is mainly causes lesions in the duodenum and ileum
C. This disease affects young animals
D. Asymptomatic carriers are involved in the transmission of the disease.

B. The bacteria is mainly causes lesions in the duodenum and ileum

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Choose the incorrect statement.

A. Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferri
B. Lyme disease is an arthropod borne disease
C. Antigenic variation in outer surface proteins of this bacteria is a major virulence factor
D. The disease is confirmed if antibodies are detected in the patient.

D. The disease is confirmed if antibodies are detected in the patient.

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Members of the Genus Rickettsia colonizes.

A. Salivary epithelium
B. Vascular endothelium
C. Leukocytes
D. Erythrocytes

B. Vascular endothelium

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Ruminant anaplasmosis is caused by

A. Anaplasma phagocytophilum
B. Anaplasma marginale
C. Anaplasma platys
D. Anaplasma centrale

B. Anaplasma marginale

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Which of the following is incorrect regarding Q fever?

A. Caused by Coxiella burnetti
B. Zoonotic disease
C. May cause abortion in cattle
D. Can be transmitted by arthropods

D. Can be transmitted by arthropods

Should be inhalation.

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Mycobacterium are NOT; which of the following

A. Gram +
B. Gram –
C. Acid fast +
D. Slow growing

B. Gram –

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Protein exotoxins and extracellular enzymes are the main virulence factors in disease pathogenesis for mycobacterium?]

A. True
B. False

B. False

Exotoxins and extracellular enzymes are not the main cause of pathogenesis. Mycobacterium ulcerans? have a mycolactone macrolide toxin (this was on their exam).

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Which of the following is not an obligate pathogen?

A. M. tuberculosis complex
B. M. avium sbsp. Paratuberculosis
C. M. leprea
D. M. avium complex

D. M. avium complex

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Which of the following causes mammalian tuberculosis?

A. M. avium sbsp. Avium
B. M. leprae
C. M. bovis
D. M. avium sbsp paratuberculosis

C. M. bovis

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What is the main reservoir for M. tuberculosis?

A. Cattle
B. Sheep
C. Humans
D. Badgers

C. Humans

Badgers is M. Bovis

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Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A. M. tuberculosis: caseous granuloma formation
B. M. bovis: Caseous granuloma formation
C. M. avium complex: Non caseous granuloma
D. Tuberculosis: No survival in macrophages

D. Tuberculosis: No survival in macrophages

Mycobacterium survive very well in macrophages

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Tuberculosis is considered an acute disease process?

A. True
B. False

B. False

Mycobacterium always think chronic

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Which of the following cells is key in fighting a tuberculosis infection?

A. Eosinophils
B. Neutrophils
C. T helper 1 cell
D. T helper 2 cell

C. T helper 1 cell

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What type of hypersensitivity reaction will you see with tuberculosis?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

D. 4

This will be important for diagnosis tb as most use skin test – shave the tail and inject a tb protein and a type 4 tb will show a hypersensitivity with the antigen in the body of an infected animal

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What is the main lesion in tuberculosis?

A. Vasculitis
B. Lymphangitis
C. Tubercles
D. Meningitis

C. Tubercles

Its tubercles that are common in the lymph nodes

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Which of the following is mismatched?

A. Solid packed Epitheliod macrophages: hard tubercle
B. Caseous necrosis: soft tubercle
C. Soft tubercle: surrounded by Langerhans cells
D. Soft tubercle: surrounded by langhans cells

C. Soft tubercle: surrounded by Langerhans cells

Langerhans are in the isolates in the pancreas; langhans are the multinucleated cells that inside of it is the abscess

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M. Tuberculosis can infect all of the following except?

A. Cattle
B. Humans
C. Elephants
D. Dogs

A. Cattle

M. Bovis is in cattle . M. Bovis and M. tuberculosis is indistinguishable in humans as they present the exact same way – must do further testing

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Which of the following should be employed with M. tuberculosis for treatment? A. Penicillin PO QID for 30 days B. Rifampin PO BID for 6 months C. Erythromycin PO TID for 6 months D. Combination therapy ie Isoniazid and Streptomycin

D. Combination therapy ie Isoniazid and Streptomycin

Which of the following in regards to M. bovis is false? A. New Zealand reservoir: bush tail opossum B. Ireland and UK reservoir: Badger C. US reservoir: white tailed deer D. Worldwide reservoir: humans

D. Worldwide reservoir: humans

You are called to a farm to investigate cattle ( 7 yr old) that have lost condition and have developed a cough what is your top differential (picture of white tubercles on liver) ? A. Leptospira borgpetersennii serovar hardjo B. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae C. Mycobacterium bovis D. Treponema brennaborense

C. Mycobacterium bovis

What is the most common spread of M. bovis in cattle to cattle spread? A. Puncture wounds B. Contaminated water C. Nursing milk D. Aerosol

D. Aerosol If this was badger to cattle it would be puncture wounds

Which of the following causes Johne’s disease? A. M. avium sbsp paratuberculosis B. M. avium C. M. bovis sbsp paratuberculosis D. M. bovis

A. M. avium sbsp. paratuberculosis

What is the incubation period of Johne’s disease? A. Days B. Weeks C. Months D. Years

D. Years Its 2-5 years before you show clinical signs. If we have doubt and have calves we will pull the calves immediately and bottle feed them

You are called to examine cattle (PM) what is top differential? (picture of multinucleated giant cell histologically with abscess in middle and another of cerebroid enteritis intestine) A. Leptospira borgpetersennii serovar hardjo B. Brachyspira hydosenteriae C. Mycobacterium bovis D. Mycobacterium avium sbsp paratuberculosis

D. Mycobacterium avium sbsp paratuberculosis

False negatives in the Johne’s ELISA during advanced stages of disease occur due to anergy? A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following are you more likely to find in treated municipal water? A. Leptospira borgpetersennii serovar hardjo B. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae C. Mycobacterium avium complex D. Treponema brennaborense

C. Mycobacterium avium complex Lepto would be stagnant water for weeks. Mycobacterium is super resistant

Which of the following is mismatched? A. Mycobacterium ulcerans: buruli ulcer B. Mycobacterium leprae: leprosy or Hansens disease C. Mycobacerium leprae: 9 banded armadillo is only known animal reservoir D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: tuberculosis in cattle

D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: tuberculosis in cattle

Which is incorrect: A. Tuberculoid leprosy few AFB B. Tuberculoid leprosy: Paucibacillary C. Lepromatous leprosy: Multibacillary- high cell mediated response, mild disease with numerous AFB D. Lepromatous leprosy: multibacillary – no cell mediated response, severe disease with numerous AFB

C. Lepromatous leprosy: Multibacillary- high cell mediated response, mild disease with numerous AFB

``` Which of the following causes feline or murine leprosy? A. M. leprae B. M. ulcerans C. M. lepraemurium D. M. tuberculosis ```

C. M. lepraemurium

What causing this lesion? (picture of granulomas on dogs ears) A. M. leprae B. M. ulcerans C. M. lepraemurium D. M. tuberculosis

C. M. lepraemurium

I am a bacterium that lives in renal tubules. I am excreted in urine leading to environmental contamination. What am I? ``` A. Leptospira B. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae C. Mycobacterium avium complex D. Treponema brennaborense E. Lepto see kidney failure then hepatic ```

A. Leptospira

Which of the following should be sent to the lab for diagnosis of Leptospira? A. Blood for PCR/FA B. Urine for PCR/FA C. Serum for MAT D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following causes Swine dysentery? A. Brachyspira pilosicoli B. Borrelia burgorferi C. Brachyspira hyodysentery D. Traponema Pallidum

C. Brachyspira hyodysentery

Brachyspira hyodysentery produces lesions where? A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Jejunum D. Large intestine

D. Large intestine

Which of the following causes Rabbit syphilis or Vent disease? A. Treponema paraluis-cuniculi B. Borrelia burgdorferi C. Brachyspira hyodysentery D. Treponema pallidum

A. Treponema paraluis-cuniculi

How is Borrelia transmitted? A. Aerosol B. Direct contact C. Arthropod vector D. Environment

C. Arthropod vector

``` Which is false? A. Borrelia: circular chromosome B. B. burgdorferi: lyme disease C. B. anserina: avian borreliosis D. B. recurrentis: relapsing fever Borrelia ```

A. Borrelia: circular chromosome It’s a single linear chromosome

You go on a hike with spike (your dog). After the hike (3 hours) you find a tiny ixodes tick on spike. It is likely spike has contracted lyme disease? A. True B. False

A. True Not for 3 hours - ticks need to be on for at least 48 hours for transmission.

Both Rickettsia and Chlamydia are bacteria that only grow inside cells? A. True B. False

A. True

Ricketsia usually affects which cells? A. Endothelial B. Epithelial

A. Endothelial

Chlamydia usually affects which cells? A. Epithelial B. Endothelial

A. Epithelial

Which of the following antimicrobials is both Rickettsia and Chlamydia susceptible to? A. Clavamox B. Tetracycline C. Erythromycin D. Penicillin

B. Tetracycline

Which of the following causes Rocky Mountain Spotted fever? A. Borrelia burgdorferi B. Mycoplasma canis C. Rickettsia rickettsia D. Anaplasma phagocytophilum

C. Rickettsia rickettsia

Rickettsia felis is transmitted by? A. Mosquito B. Tick C. Cat flea

C. Cat flea

Which of the following is not a member of the family Anaplasmataceae? A. Rickettsia B. Neorickettsia C. Ehrlichia D. Anaplasma

A. Rickettsia

Anaplasma phagocytophiulum has a tropism for which cells? A. Macrophages B. Eosinophils C. Basophils D. Neutrophils

D. Neutrophils

Anaplasma platys attacks which cells? A. Erythrocytes B. Neutrophils C. Basophils D. Platelets

D. Platelets

Anaplasma marginale prefers to attack which of the following? A. Platelets B. Basophils C. Neutrophils D. Erythrocytes

D. Erythrocytes

Which of the following causes tropical pancytopenia of dogs? A. Anaplasma marginale B. Ehrlichia ewingii C. Ehrlichia canis D. Borrelia burgdorferi

C. Ehrlichia canis

What causes canine granulocyte ehrlichiosis? A. E. canis B. A. platys C. E. chaggeensis D. E. ewingii

D. E. ewingii

Which of the following is usually not seen in an E. canis infection? A. Bacteria attacking monocytes B. Bacteria attacking thrombocytes C. Mild thrombocytosis D. Leukopenia

C. Mild thrombocytosis

Which of the following is mismatched? A. Ehrlichia ruminatium: heart water disease B. Ehrlichica ruminatium: foreign animal disease reportable in the USA C. Ehrlichia ruminatium: replicates in the macrophages and endothelial cells D. Ehrlichia ruminatium: mosquito vector

D. Ehrlichia ruminatium: mosquito vector

Which of the following is false in regards to Neorickettsia? A. Small intracellular bacteria B. Monocytes and macrophages - main cell affected C. Infectious cycle uses trematode vector D. Small extracellular rods

D. Small extracellular rods

Which of the following is false? A. Neorickettsia risticii: Potomac horse fever B. Neorickettsia helminthoeca: salmon poisoning in pacific NW USA C. Neorickettsia helminthoeca: Hemorrhagic disease D. Neorickettsia risticii: Vaccination important in protection

D. Neorickettsia risticii: Vaccination important in protection

Which of the following is false in regards to Chlamydia? A. Reticulate body - intracellular replicating form B. Elementary body - extracellular non replicating form C. Obligate intracellular bacteria D. Parasites of endothelial cells

D. Parasites of endothelial cells

Which of the following is mismatched? A. Chlamydia psittaci - Avian Chlamydiosis B. Chlamydia pecorum: stiff pig disease C. Chlamydia abortus: enzootic abortion of ewes D. Chlamydia felis: Conjunctivitis in cats

B. Chlamydia pecorum: stiff pig disease

Which of the following is false in regards to Coxiella burnetii? A. Causes Q fever B. Usually secreted in birth fluids, milk, urine and feces C. Usually transmitted via inhalation D. More predominate in males vs females

D. More predominate in males vs females

All of the following are characteristics of Mollicutes except? A. Cell wall composed for mainly cholesterol B. Fried egg colonies - non-hemotrophic mollicutes C. Some species contain carbohydrate capsules D. Very pleomorphic

A. Cell wall composed for mainly cholesterol

Non-hemotrophic Mollicutes usually result in which of the following? A. Skin and liver infections B. Respiratory and urogenital tract infections C. Brain and urogenital tract infections D. Red and White blood cell infections

B. Respiratory and urogenital tract infections

Which of the following is mismatched? A. M. gallisepticum: Chronic respiratory disease in chickens B. M. gallisepticum: Infectious sinusitis in turkeys C. M. synoviae: Synovitis D. M. meleagridis and M. Iowae: Subclinical airsacculitis and increased egg hatachability

D. M. meleagridis and M. Iowae: Subclinical airsacculitis and increased egg hatachability

Which of the following is false? A. Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (Large colony variant): Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia B. Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (small colony variant): Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia C. Mycoplasma bovis: Mycoplasma mastitis D. Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (small colony variant): most virulent mycoplasma in cattle

A. Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides (Large colony variant): Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Which is false? A. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: porcine enzootic pneumonia B. Mycoplasma hyorhinis: systemic infection in younger pigs 3-10 weeks C. Mycoplasma hyorhinis severe enteritis with marked hyperplasia of jejunum and ileum D. Mycoplasma hyosynoviae: arthritis in growth pigs 3-6 months of age

C. Mycoplasma hyorhinis severe enteritis with marked hyperplasia of jejunum and ileum

Mycoplasma felis can cause disease in both horses and cats. A. True B. False

A. true

In regards to hemotrophic mollicutes, which of the following is incorrect? A. Cats: mycoplasma haemofelis (feline infectious anemia) B. Cattle: mycoplasma bovis C. Dogs: mycoplasma haemocanis D. Pigs: Mycoplasma suise

B. Cattle: mycoplasma bovis

Small, gram negative, S-shaped or gull winged bacteria with polar flagellum would most likely be which of the following? A. Mycoplasma B. Leptospira C. Brachyspira D. Campylobacter

D. Campylobacter

Which of the following toxins is produced by Camploybacter spp.? A. Hemolysin B. Cytolethal distending toxin C. Listeriolysin D. Alpha toxin

B. Cytolethal distending toxin

The picture along wit necrotizing inflammation of the uterus with grayish brown foul smelling uterine exudate (in the dam) makes you think what? (small pink dead slimy cow) A. Chlamydia abortus B. Mycobacterium bovis C. Mycoplasma weyonii D. Camplyobacter fetus subsp. venerealis

D. Camplyobacter fetus subsp. venerealis

Picture of liver (donut shaped lesions) in sheep. Its considered a pathognomonic finding for what? A. Helicobacter B. Campylobacter C. Mycobacterium D. Chlamydia

B. Campylobacter

The role of urease in bacteria is? A. Lower gastric pH allowing bacterial growth B. Increase gastric pH allowing bacterial growth C. Completely inhibit acid secretion from stomach D. Lower gastric pH allowing passage to intestines

B. Increase gastric pH allowing bacterial growth

Which of the following bacteria can display all of the following virulence factors: LPS, cytotoxin associated gene pathogenecity island, vacuolating cytotoxin, Cytolethal distending toxin? A. Mycobacterium B. Camplyobacter C. Lawsonia D. Helicobacter

D. Helicobacter

Which is false? A. Lawsonia intracellularis: Causes Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy B. Lawesonia intracellularis: Extracellular pathogen of intestine C. Lawsonia intracellularis: usually affects distal jejunum and ileum D. Lawsonia intracellularis: requires interaction with unknown natural flora to cause disease

B. Lawesonia intracellularis: Extracellular pathogen of intestine

Which of the following is incorrect? A. Fungi: Eukaryotic B. Fungi: cell wall incorporated C. Unicellular fungi: mold D. Multicellualr fungi: molds and mushrooms

C. Unicellular fungi: mold

In regards to dimorphic fungi you will see which of the following? A. Mycelial forms at room temperature and yeasts at 37 o C body temp. B. Yeast at both room temp and body temp C. Mycelial form at both room and body temp D. Yeast form at room temp and mycelial form at body temp.

A. Mycelial forms at room temperature and yeasts at 37 o C body temperature

All of the following can predispose an animal to fungal infections except? A. Prolonged antibiotic therapy B. Immunosupression/defects C. Healthy immunocompetent animals D. Some neoplastic conditions

C. Healthy immunocompetent animals

Which of the following regarding anitfungals is false? A. Griseofulvin: direct attack of ergosterol B. "Azoles": inhibition of ianosterol to egrosterol C. Amphotericin B and nyastatin: direct attack of ergosterol D. Flucytosine: attack DNA causing strand break

A. Griseofulvin: direct attack of ergosterol

You examin a skin lesion on a dog. You suspect dermatopytosis specifically Microsporum canis. You decide to use a woods lamp to further examine the lesion. No fluorescence occurs. You can safely rule of M. canis? A. Yes B. No

B. No

Where would you take biopsies of ringworm?

From the margin and always include healthy tissues

Which of the following does not cause disease in horses? A. Trichosporum equinum B. Microsporum canis (M. equinum) C. Microsporum nanum D. Trichosporum verrucosum

C. Microsporum nanum

The lesion below "terry toweling" or "sour crop" is caused by which of the following (picture of chickens yellowish crop). A. Cryptococcus neoformans B. Histoplama capsulatum C. Candida albicans D. Coccidiodes immitis

C. Candida albicans

Feline rhinitis has many differential based on the picture what is the best cause of rhinitis in this cat (one picture has a big nose and another is a histo slide with large round capsule cells with dense center)? A. Chlamydia felis B. Blastomyces dermatitidis C. Cryptococcus neoformans D. Mycoplasma felis

C. Cryptococcus neoformans

4 year old golden retriever that loves kiddie pools. Also loves shaking and scrathching his ears. Swab of ears and try to explain the whole kiddie pool situation to the owner and how it can be predisposing the dog to what? A. Cyrptococcus neoformans B. Malassezia pachydermatitis C. Sporothrix schenkii D. Blastomyces dermatidis

B. Malassezia pachydermatitis

Cat got in a fight with a rose bush. A. Candida albicans B. Cryptococcus neoformans C. Sporothrix schenkii D. Blastomyces dermatitidis

C. Sporothrix schenkii

3 year old male hunting dog with worsening respiratory signs and skin lesions. A. Candida albicans B. Cryptococcus neoformans C. Sporothrix schenkii D. Blastomyces dermatidis

D. Blastomyces dermatidis

Cocciodes immitiis "valley fever" is least likely to be found? A. Ohio river valley B. Texas C. Arizona D. California

A. Ohio river valley

Which of the following is false? A. Coccidiodes immitis: young boxer and dobermans susceptible B. Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum: pointing breed, weimeraners and brittany spaniels susceptible. C. Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum: swamp cancer D. Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum: epizootic lymphangitis

C. Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum: swamp cancer