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DPT 740/1: Clin Med 1 > E3- Imaging > Flashcards

E3- Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major advantages for radiology

A

most efficient for assessing initial bone or jt abnormality
minimize radiation
greatest visualization

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2
Q

what are the disadvantages for radiology

A

limited for complex and subtle bony and soft tissue abnormalities

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3
Q

what is the routine for radiographic exam

A

at least 2 images at 90 deg to view all 3 dimensions

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4
Q

what is black in an xray

A

air
fat/bone marrow

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5
Q

what is gray in an xray

A

fat/bone marrow
water- m and soft tissue

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6
Q

what is white in an xray

A

bone
dye- bright white
metal- solid white

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7
Q

when viewing an xray what markers are we looking for

A

at least 2
health info
side of body

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8
Q

what are the ABCS of xray

A

alignment
bone density
cartilage space
soft tissue

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9
Q

what are we looking for with alignment in an xray

A

general anatomy
spurs, breaks, markings

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10
Q

what are we looking for with bone density in an xray

A

contrast
cortical- outer layer, appendicular, whiter
cancellous- inner, axial, grayer
texture
sclerotic changes

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11
Q

what are sclerotic changes

A

more metabolic activity in the bone due to compression or stress on the bone

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12
Q

what are we looking for with cartilage spaces in an xray

A

narrowing
bone sclerosis and erosion
growth plate- position, size, smooth

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13
Q

what are we looking for with soft tissue in an xray

A

m wasting/edema
fat pad displacement- elbow
periosteum

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14
Q

what can solid periosteum mean

A

slow growth of healing or infection

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15
Q

what can laminated or layered periosteum mean

A

repetitive stress

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16
Q

what can spiculated or pointed periosteum mean

A

breakthrough due to tumor

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17
Q

what is a CT scan

A

targeted xray are passing through slices of tissue

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18
Q

what are advantages of CT

A

less overlap
subtle bony changes
can use contrast agents

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19
Q

what are disadvantages of CT

A

greater radiation exposure
limited soft tissue abnormalities

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20
Q

what is a CT used for

A

head and abdominal trauma
less time than MRI and US

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21
Q

what are transverse plane slices

A

pt is supine so anterior is the top of image
your R is the pt L

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22
Q

what is the mechanism of an MRI

A

radiofrequency waves in presence of strong magnetic field
use contrast agent

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23
Q

what are advantages for MRI

A

less overlap
soft tissue abnormalities
less dense bone
staging metastasis
no radiation
high resolution

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24
Q

what are disadvantages for MRI

A

contraindications with magnetic implants except for stable jt implants
claustrophobia

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25
how is fluid in T1 vs T2 MRI
T1- dark T2- bright
26
describe a T1 weighted image
bright signals from fat and bone marrow dark signals cortical bone and fluid best for anatomical structure
27
describe a T2 weighted image
bright signals fluid or water best for swelling and neoplasm
28
what is considered gray in both T1/2 weighted MRI
n and m
29
MRI is high sensitivity, explain
so good at finding (+) that when a negative is found you can rule a condition out
30
what is an ultrasound
ultrasound waves are absorbed, reflected and diffused
31
what are advantages for ultrasound
real time superficial tissue higher resolution for superficial tendon, lig, and m than MRI
32
what are disadvantages for ultrasound
inability to scan deeper jt surface image depends on operator
33
what does a brighter signal indicate on an ultrasound
swelling, tendinosis
34
what does irregular borders indicate on an ultrasound
tears
35
what do we need to consider with imaging recommendations
thorough hx and exam psychosocial factor CDR appropriateness criteria
36
what are common views of cervical spine
AP open mouth AP lower cervical spine lateral
37
what is less common for cervical spine
oblique
38
what is AP open mouth best used for
AA jt
39
what does "a" mean in AP open mouth for AA
C1 and lateral masses are symmetrical
40
what does "b" mean in AP open mouth for AA
C1 lateral masses with sup articular process of C2
41
what does "c" mean in AP open mouth for AA
dens symmetrical of C1 lateral masses
42
what does "d" mean in AP open mouth for AA
equal C1 on C2 jt spaces
43
what does "e" mean in AP open mouth for AA
midline C2 sp
44
what does AP lower cervical spine best demonstrate
lower cervical vb upper thoracic ribs clavicle
45
how is AP lower cervical spine positioned
vertically aligned vb midline sp lateral column
46
what is difficult about AP lower cervical spine
TPs difficult to discern U jt air filled trachea clavicle
47
what is lateral view best for
disc space z jt
48
what do we look for in the lateral view
ant vb post vb spinolaminar
49
what should stay constant in lateral view no matter the position
the 3 parallel lines should stay constant even in stress views when investigating mechanical instability
50
how are TPs in lateral view
superimposed over bodies
51
what is the oblique view good for
intervertebral foramen
52
what views are best for shoulder
AP in ER AP in IR
53
what is in profile for AP ER
greater tuberosity GH jt space
54
what is in profile for AP IR
lesser tuberosity
55
what is scapular Y lateral view used for
assessment of fx or dislocations of proximal humerus
56
what is visible on the xray
lesser tubercle AC jt
57
what does each letter mean on the xray
A- acromion B- clavicle C- sup border of scapula D- corocoid process E- body of scapula F- inf angle of scapula G- humeral head H- humeral shaft
58
what is visible on the xray
greater tubercle GH jt space
59
what view is best to assess dislocation
axillary view
60
what do we look for in an xray for ARJC
humeral head alignment and shape bone density sclerosis cartilage space
61
what is a reason the humeral head is sitting inf what would we recommend for treatment
supraspinatus tear shd jt replacement- SS irreparable tear
62
what indicates tendinopathy in a MRI
bright white tendon
63
what indicates a trauma to the elbow
displacing of fat pad indicating an intra articular injury
64
what is the most common carpal fx
scaphoid
65
what is the most common carpal to dislocate
lunate
66
where is a scaphoid fx most in danger for avascular necrosis
the poles due to a decrease in blood supply compared to the waist
67
how do we treat a pt if they dont have a fx but acts like a fx
treat it like a fx- immobilize then reimage in 1-2 wks

DPT 740/1: Clin Med 1 (7 decks)

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