E4: Integumentary System

Question 1

The skin and its accessory structures make up the ________, which provides the body with overall protection

Answer 1

Integumentary system

Question 2

It is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

It is a superficial layer that is composed primarily of tightly pack epithelial cells

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

It is a deeper layer of skin, that is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels) and is where several accessory structures, such as hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands, can be found

Answer 4

Dermis

Question 5

It has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from the brain

Answer 5

Dermis

Question 6

It lies below the dermis, which is not technically part of the skin, but serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia

Answer 6

Superficial fascia or Hypodermis

Question 7

The dermis layer is mainly composed of?

Answer 7

1. Loose connective tissues
2. Areolar connective tissues
3. Adipose connective tissues

Question 8

The skin and accessory structures perform a variety of essential functions, such as:

Answer 8

1. Protecting the body from invasion by microorganisms, chemicals, and other environmental factors
2. Preventing dehydration
3. Acting as a sensory organ
4. Modulating body temperature and electrolyte balance
5. Synthesizing vitamin D.

Question 9

What are the important roles of hypodermis?

Answer 9

1. Storing fats
2. Forming a “cushion” over underlying structures
3. Providing insulation from cold temperatures

Question 10

It protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature such as wind, water, and UV sunlight.

It acts as protective barrier against water loss, due to the presence of layers of keratin and glycolipids in the stratum corneum.

Answer 10

Skin

Question 11

It is the first line of defense against abrasive activity due to contact with grit, microbes, or harmful chemicals

Answer 11

Skin

Question 12

Sweat excreted from ________ deters microbes from over-colonizing the skin surface by generating dermcidin, which has antibiotic properties.

Answer 12

Sweat glands

Question 13

The epidermis is composed of the following layers:

Answer 13

1. Stratum Basale
2. Stratum Spinosum
3. Stratum Granulosum
4. Stratum Corneum
5. Stratum Lucidum

Question 14

The dermis might be considered the “_____” of the integumentary system

Answer 14

“Core”

Question 15

derma- =

Answer 15

“Skin”

Question 16

epi- =

Answer 16

“Upon” or “Over”

Question 17

hypo- =

Answer 17

“Below”

Question 18

It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat gland

Answer 18

Dermis

Question 19

The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue, _______ and _______ , that compose an interconnected mesh of elastic and collagen fibers, produced by fibroblasts

Answer 19

1. Superficial papillary layer
2. Deep reticular layer

Question 20

Also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia

Answer 20

Hypodermis

Question 21

It is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles.

It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish

Answer 21

Hypodermis

Question 22

The hypodermis consists of _____, _____, _____, and _____, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for the skin

Answer 22

1. Well-vascularized
2. Loose
3. Areolar connective tissue
4. Adipose tissue

Question 23

It is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells

Answer 23

Hair

Question 24

Strands of hair originate in an _________ of the dermis called the _______.

Answer 24

Epidermal penetration; Hair follicle

Question 25

It is the part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface

Answer 25

Hair shaft

Question 26

The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the _____, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the ______

Answer 26

Follicle; Hair root

Question 27

The hair root ends deep in the dermis at the hair bulb, and includes a layer of mitotically active basal cells called?

Answer 27

Hair matrix

Question 28

The ______ surrounds the ______, which is made of connective tissue and contains blood capillaries and nerve endings from the dermis

Answer 28

Hair bulb; Hair papilla

Question 29

It is a type of oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair

Answer 29

Sebaceous gland

Question 30

True or False They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable

Answer 30

**True**

Question 31

The fatty acids of sebum also have _______, and prevent water loss from the skin in _______.

Answer 31

Antibacterial properties; Low-humidity environments

Question 32

It's develop from epidermal projections into the dermis

Answer 32

Sweat glands

Question 33

What are the two types of Swear glands?

Answer 33

1. Eccrine glands 2. Apocrine glands

Question 34

A type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation. These glands are found all over the skin’s surface, but are especially abundant on the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet, and the forehead

Answer 34

Eccrine sweat gland

Question 35

True or False Eccrine sweat gland release type of sweat, released by exocytosis, is hypotonic and composed mostly of water, with some salt, antibodies, traces of metabolic waste, and dermicidin, an antimicrobial peptide

Answer 35

**True**

Question 36

Are a primary component of thermoregulation in humans and thus help to maintain homeostasis

Answer 36

Eccrine glands

Question 37

This type of gland is mostly found in the skin of the armpits, the groin, and the area around the breast nipples.

Answer 37

Apocrine glands

Question 38

It is scent glands, and their secretions usually have an odor.

Answer 38

Apocrine glands