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Principles I* > E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Upper > Flashcards

E4- Regional Neuroanatomy : Upper Flashcards

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1
Q

A positional word that means near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth.

A
  • Rostral
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2
Q

A positional word that means at or near the tail or the posterior part of the body.

A
  • Caudal/Caudad
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3
Q

Cephalad

A
  • Word used to refer to something superior and anterior of the body.

similar to rostral

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4
Q

Describe the anatomical position.

A
  • Face forward
  • Standing up straight
  • Palms out on the anterior plane
  • Thumbs extend laterally
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5
Q

A word that describes something sensory and peripheral. Something that might feel pain.

A
  • Cutaneous

The other conduction in the peripheral system will be motor.

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6
Q

A term that describes bundles of neurons and axons outside the CNS.

A
  • Nerve

vs tract

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7
Q

A term that describes bundles of neurons and axons within the CNS.

A
  • Tracts

vs nerve

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8
Q

What is a ganglia?

A
  • Bundles of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

vs nuclei

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9
Q

What is a nuclei?

A
  • Bundle of cell bodies within the CNS.

vs ganglia

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10
Q

_______ come together to make a Root.

A
  • Rootlets
  • individual bundles of neurons coming out of spinal cord
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11
Q

***

Where is the spinal ganglion located?

A
  • Within the posterior root
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12
Q

The junction of the posterior root and anterior root will be called the ________.

A
  • Spinal Nerve
  • This point will be the start of the Peripheral Nervous System
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13
Q

The anterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ______ system.

A
  • Motor System (Efferent)
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14
Q

The posterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ______ system.

A
  • Sensory System (Afferent)
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15
Q

What will be the first branch off of spinal nerve?
Function?

A
  • Posterior Ramus
  • sensory component for backside (posterior)
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16
Q

What will be the second projection of the spinal nerve?
Function?

A
  • Anterior Ramus
  • motor output, sensory input, + branch of the autonomic nervous system.
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17
Q

Of the two spinal nerve projections, which one is larger?

A
  • Anterior Ramus
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18
Q

How does the Anterior Ramus connect to the sympathetic chain (sympathetic ganglion)?

A
  • Gray Ramus Communicans (proximal)
  • White Ramus Communicans (distal)

Chain = inside of thorax, neck, abdomen

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19
Q

Route from rootlet to sympathetic chain

A
  • Rootlet  root  spinal nerve  posterior / anterior rami  gray / white rami communicons  sympathetic chain
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20
Q

How is sacrum different from rest of spine?

A
  • superior spine = spinal nerves out of intervertebral foramen
  • sacrum = posterior rami out posterior foramina ,, anterior rami out anterior sacral foramina
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21
Q

Explain why the left sympathetic chain is more posterior and lateral on the spinal column than the right.

A
  • The aorta sits on the left side of the vertebral body and pushes the left sympathetic chain (left spinal ganglia) posteriorly and laterally during development.
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22
Q

What are the branches of the posterior ramus?

A
  • Medial branch of the Posterior Rami
  • Lateral branch of the Posterior Rami

Primarilysensory

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23
Q

What are the branches of the anterior ramus?

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch - front + midline
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch - sides
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24
Q

What is another name for the anterior ramus?

A
  • Intercostal nerve

The intercostal nerve usually sits INFERIOR its correspondivng rib cage.

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25
What is the subcostal nerve?
Intercostal nerves below the true ribs of rib cage rib 10-12
26
Spinal nerve C8 exits from _________ (above/below) vertebrae C7.
* Below
27
Spinal nerve C1 through C7 exit from _______ (above/below) its corresponding cervical vertebrae.
* Above
28
The thoracic spinal nerves T1 to T12 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding thoracic vertebrae.
* Below
29
The spinal nerves L1 to L5 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding lumbar vertebrae.
* Below
30
Spinal Nerve Pairs: - Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar - Sacral - Coccygeal
* 8 pairs of Cervical Spinal Nerves * 12 pairs of Thoracic Spinal Nerves * 5 pairs of Lumbar Spinal Nerves * 5 pairs of Sacral Spinal Nerves * 1 pair of Coccygeal Spinal Nerves * 31 pairs total
31
Where do the cervical spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
* Most of the head and upper extremities
32
Where do the thoracic spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
* Portion of the upper extremity * Large portion of the torso
33
Where do the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?
* Lower extremity
34
Label 1
* Posterior Rootlets
35
Label 2
* Posterior Root (with spinal ganglion)
36
Label 3
* Spinal Nerve
37
Label 4
* Posterior Ramus
38
Label 5
* Anterior Ramus
39
Label 6
* Gray Ramus Communicans
40
Label 7
* White Ramus Communicans
41
Label 8
* Sympathetic ganglion
42
Label 9
* Meningeal branch
43
Label 10
* Anterior Root
44
Label 11
* Anterior Rootlets
45
Label 1 + 2
* Anterior Cutaneous Branch * Lateral Cutaneous Branch | Of anterior rami
46
Label 3
Anterior Ramus
47
Label 4
* Meningeal Branch
48
Label 5
* Medial Branch
49
Label 6
* Lateral Branch
50
Label 7
* Posterior Ramus
51
Label 1
* Posterior Ramus
52
Label 2
* Anterior Ramus (Intercostal Nerve)
53
Label 3
* Lateral Cutaneous Branch
54
Label 4
* Anterior Cutaneous Branch
55
Label 1
* Medial branch
56
Label 2
* Lateral cutaneous branch
57
Label 3
* Superior clunial nerve
58
Label 4
* Middle clunial nerve
59
Label 5
* Supraclavicular nerve
60
Label 6
* Axillary nerve
61
Label 7
* Intercostal nerve (lateral cutaneous branch)
62
Label 8
* Iliohypogastric nerve
63
What dermatome landmark will be T4?
* Nipple Line
64
What dermatome landmark will be T6?
* Xiphoid Process
65
What dermatome landmark will be T10?
* Umbilicus
66
The anterior roots of C3, C4, and C5 combine and form the ______ nerve.
* Phrenic Nerve
67
Spinal Nerves C3, C4, C5 will run under what cervical vertebrae?
* Vertebrae C2, C3, and C4
68
Which cervical spinal nerve is not sensory?
C1 - not on dermatome
69
The occipital nerves are named based on what factors?
* Size and Position *For example, the Greater Occipital Nerve is very large, and it covers a large portion of the back of the head.*
70
The Greater Occipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C2 | Superior + LARGEST
71
The 3rd Occipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C3
72
What nerve will provide sensory innervation to the top of the shoulder?
* Supraclavicular Nerve
73
The Suboccipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C1
74
Where does the suboccipital nerve provide sensory innervation to? Originates from?
* It doesn't. It is PURELY MOTOR. * This nerve (C1) is not part of the cutaneous innervation. * No dermatome for C1
75
Label 1
* Lesser occipital nerve
76
Label 2
* Suboccipital nerve (C1)
77
Label 3
* Great auricular nerve
78
Label 4
* Greater occipital nerve (C2)
79
Label 5
* 3rd Occipital Nerve
80
Label 6
* Supraclavicular Nerve
81
Label 7
* C5 Spinal Nerve of the Posterior Ramus
82
Label 1
* 3rd occipital nerve
83
Label 2
* Greater occipital nerve
84
Label 3
* Lesser occipital nerve
85
Label 4
* Great auricular nerve
86
The trapezius muscle is used as an accessory for ventilation. It receives input from what nerve?
* Accessory Nerve
87
What are the accessory muscles of exhalation?
* Abdominal Muscles * External Oblique * Internal Oblique
88
Label 1
* Supraclavicular Nerve
89
Label 2
* Anterior cutaneous branch
90
Label 3
* Lateral cutaneous branch
91
Label 4
* Intercostal nerve / anterior ramus
92
Label 5
* Iliohypogastric Nerve
93
The dorsal part of the spinal cord is routed through the __________.
* Posterior Ramus
94
Posterior Ramus C1 Nerve: Sensory Function: Motor Function:
Posterior Ramus C1 Nerve: Suboccipital Nerve Sensory Function: No C1 dermatome Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles
95
Posterior Ramus C2 Nerve: Sensory Function: Motor Function:
Posterior Ramus C2 Nerve: Greater occipital nerve Sensory Function: Innervate C2 dermatome Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles
96
Posterior Ramus C3 Nerve: Sensory Function: Motor Function:
Posterior Ramus C3 Nerve: 3rd occipital nerve Sensory Function: Innervate C3 dermatome Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles | MIXED nerve
97
Where does the Phrenic nerve originate?
from anterior rami of C3, C4, C5
98
What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus?
* Lesser occipital nerve (C2) * Great auricular nerve (C2,C3) * Transverse cervical nerve (C2,C3) * Supraclavicular nerve (C3,C4) | A cervical plexus = C2-C4 ## Footnote These four nerves can arise from the anterior ramus of spinal nerve C2, C3, or C4.
99
Where is the origin of the supraclavicular nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C3 and C4
100
Where does the transverse cervical nerve provide sensory information?
* Anterior and medial part of the neck
101
Where is the origin of the transverse cervical nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C2 and C3
102
Where is the origin of the great auricular nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C2 and C3
103
Where is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve?
* Spinal Nerve C2
104
Where does the lesser occipital nerve provide sensory information?
* lateral neck to right above the earlobe
105
Label the nerves of the cervical plexus 1-4.
* 1: Lesser occipital nerve * 2: Great auricular nerve * 3: Transverse cervical nerve * 4: Supraclavicular nerve
106
Label the nerve that best corresponds with 1-4.
* 1: Transverse cervical nerve * 2: Lesser occipital nerve * 3: Great auricular nerve * 4 : Supraclavicular nerve
107
What neck muscle does the phrenic nerve sit on? Next to?
* Anterior Scalene Muscle * Middle Scalene muscle * Rides in groove bw
108
Where are the two proximal connection points of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
* Connection point on at the sternum * Connection point on the clavicle - extends lateral + posterior
109
What are the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus?
* Spinal Nerve C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 * **Anterior Rami** of the Spinal Nerves
110
What is the potential space between the anterior and middle scalene muscle called? Why is this potential space important?
* Interscalene space * This space can be utilized to perform a scalene brachial plexus block
111
Mneumonic to remember splitting of brachial plexus
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer * Anterior Rami  Trunks  Divisions  Cords  branches
112
What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?
* Upper: Rami C5 + C6 * Middle: Rami C7 * Lower: Rami C8 and T1
113
What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?
* **6 Divisions**, each trunk forms one anterior and one posterior division. o Ea trunk splits into two  forming anterior + posterior divisions o Upper trunk  anterior + posterior division o Middle trunk  anterior + posterior division o Lower trunk  anterior + posterior division
114
The divisions combine to form ______. Name them.
* CORDS * * 3 posterior divisions combine to form Posterior Cord * 2 anterior divisions from upper + middle trunk combine to form Lateral Cord o C5-C7 * 1 anterior division from C8-T1 forms the Medial Cord
115
What components are in the supraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?
* Anterior Rami (C5-T1) * The Trunks (Upper, Middle, Lower) * The Divisions (6 divisions)
116
What components are in the infraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?
* Lateral Cord * Posterior Cord * Medial Cord
117
The posterior cord splits to give us what two nerves?
* Axillary nerve * Radial nerve
118
The lateral cord splits to give us what two nerves?
* Musculocutaneous nerve * Lateral Root (a portion of the median nerve)
119
The lateral root will combine with the median root to form what nerve?
* Median Nerve
120
The medial cord splits to give us what two nerves?
* Ulnar Nerve * Median Root (a portion of the median nerve)
121
What two nerves does the median nerve sit between?
* Ulnar Nerve * Radial Nerve
122
5 Terminal Brachial Plexus Nerves Which ones are smaller vs. larger
small = axillary + musculocutaneous larger = radial, median, ulnar
123
Mneumonic for Brachial Plexus
* YOUTUBE VIDEO :: 3 musketeers ,, 2 were assassinated – 4 men , 5 rats , 3 unicorns o # fingers C5-T1 o 3 = musculocutaneous o 2 = axillary o 4 = median o 5 = radial o 3 = ulnar
124
The axillary nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C5 * C6
125
The radial nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C5 * C6 * C7 * C8 * T1
126
The ulnar nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C7 * C8 * T1
127
The median nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C6 * C7 * C8 * T1
128
The musculocutaneous nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?
* C5 * C6 * C7
129
What sensory branch is innervated by the axillary nerve?
* Superior lateral brachial cutaneous (lateral deltoid)
130
What are the **anterior** cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates?
* Lateral Superior Thumb * Lateral Anterior Biceps/Triceps
131
What are the **posterior** cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates?
* Lateral Posterior Triceps * Middle Posterior Forearm * Posterior Thumb and First 2 Fingers
132
What sensory branch is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
* Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (anterior lateral forearm) * Very small posterior of the posterior forearm
133
What are the **anterior** cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates?
* Medial palmer surface of last two fingers * Anterior medial wrist
134
What are the **posterior** cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates?
* Medial Posterior Wrist * Most of the last 2 Fingers
135
What are the **posterior** cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?
* Posterior fingertips of first two digits * Proper palmar digital nerves
136
What are the **anterior** cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?
* Most of the palm * Anterior thumb * Anterior surface of first two fingers * Small section of the anterior wrist * Palmar branch of the median nerve * Common and proper palmar digital nerve
137
Label 1
* Anterior Cutaneous Branch

Principles I* (20 decks)

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