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EA Chemistry Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Galactose is identical to glucose except:

A

On carbon number 4 the OH and H swap places

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2
Q

The disaccharide made by two glucose units is:

A

Maltose

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3
Q

The disaccharide made by glucose and galactose is:

A

Lactose

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4
Q

The disaccharide made by glucose and fructose is:

A

Sucrose

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5
Q

In carbohydrates, the link between two monosaccharides is called a:

A

Glycosidic link

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6
Q

A monosaccharide in a protein is called a:

A

Amino acid - it contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid group

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7
Q

a-helix structure contains ____ hydrogen bonds

A

intra-chain

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8
Q

B-helix structure contains ____ hydrogen bonds

A

inter-chain

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9
Q

Atom economy is:

A

The amount of desired product formed with respect to the total amount of product formed.

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10
Q

High temperature favours an ______ process

A

endothermic

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11
Q

The positive electrode in an electrolytic cell is the ___

A

anode

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12
Q

The positive electrode in a galvanic cell is the ____

A

cathode

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13
Q

The arrangement of polypropene where the methyl groups are on the same side is called _____

A

isotactic - has regular arrangements so it can be chrystalline and has a relatively high melting point

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14
Q

The arrangement of polypropene where the methyl groups are on regularly alternating sides is called _____

A

syntactic - has regular arrangements so it can be chrystalline and has a relatively high melting point

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15
Q

The arrangement of polypropene where the methyl groups are on random sides is called _____

A

atactic - no regular arrangement so low melting point, used for things like packaging

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16
Q

The midpoint of an acid/base indicator is when _____

A

the amount of disociated indicator ions is equal to the number of associated molecules of indicator

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17
Q

In alpha glucose, the hydroxyl group points _____

A

Down on the number 1 carbon

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18
Q

In beta glucose, the hydroxyl group points ______

A

Up on the number 1 carbon

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19
Q

When starch forms the hydroxyl group from the number 1 carbon links to the hydroxyl group of the number ____

A

4 or 6 carbon on a neighbouring glucose molecule

  • this is a condensation reaction forming a 1-4 (amylose) or a 1-4 and 1-6 (amylopectin) glycosidic link
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20
Q

Cellulose forms with ____ glucose

A

beta

the entire glucose molecule has to flip for every glycosidic link meaning the CH2OH swaps sides of the chain. This results in a very straight chain and allows cellulose to bond securely to neighbouring chains making it hard and rigid

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21
Q

Starch is made up of ____ glucose

A

alpha - OH pointing down

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22
Q

Cellulose is made up of ____ glucose

A

beta - OH pointing up

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23
Q

Kw =

A

[H+] x [OH-]

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24
Q

Triglycerides/fatty acids are made when _____ reacts with three _____ with ____

A

glycerol, carboxylic acid molecules, long carbon chains (on average around 16 carbons)

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25
Are fatty acids soluble in water?
No
26
When the carbon chains of a fatty acid are polyunsaturated, the fat tends to be ___
oils like vegetable oil
27
When the carbon chains of a fatty acid are saturated, the fat tends to be ___
solid fats like margarine
28
If you break a triglyceride down with an acid then the products are ____
The glycerol and the three carboxylic acids
29
If you break a triglyceride down with a base (NaOH) then the products are ____
The glycerol and salts (in this case sodium salts) - the carboxylic acid will perform a neutralisation reaction with the NaOH to form salts
30
The hydrolisis of a triglyceride with a strong alkali/base is called
saponification
31
Describe the important product of saponification
A carboxylic acid with a long carbon chain with an ionic bit next to the carboxylic acid
32
The hydrophobic end of the soap molecule is the ____
long hydrocarbon chain
33
The hydrophillic end of the soap molecule is the ____
ionic part that is next to the carboxyl group
34
Soap does not work in a hard water area because ____
the calcium in the water interacts with the ionic part of the soap molecule forming an substance that is insoluble in water
35
What is the cluster structure called when the covalent tails of the hydrocarbon chains in the soap molecules surround the grease, leaving the ionic parts sticking out at the exterior so that water can wash the grease off?
micelle
36
How is biodiesel made?
Hydrolise a triglyceride and add methanol - The carboxylic acids react with the methanol to form new, combustable esters
37
What is the process of turning one ester into three seperate esters using in the hydrolisis process with METHANOL and what is the product?
Transesterification, biodiesel and glycerol
38
When you ferment glucose with yeast the products are _____
ethanol and carbon dioxide
39
When being used to oxidise a primary/secondary alcohol, dichromate would change colour from ____ to ____
orange to green
40
When being used to oxidise a primary/secondary alcohol, manganate would change colour from ____ to ____
purple to pale pink
41
When naming organic compounds, QCAA favours ___
including unneccessary numbers like the 2 in 2-methylpropane rather than just methyl propane
42
What is more polar? An amino acid with a long hydrocarbon chain attached or an amino acid with a short hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group attached?
The amino acid with a short hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group
43
Standard electrode potential of a voltaic cell is equal to
E reduction - E oxidation (be sure to use the value for the reduction equation for both never the oxidation equation)
44
Reduction is the gain of _____, loss of ____ or gain of ______
electrons, oxygen, hydrogen
45
Ka x Kb =
Kw (normally 1x10^-14)
46
Is cellulose a linear polymer
yes
47
What is stronger, cellulose or starch?
cellulose
48
What does w/v represent?
weight by volume (standard units is g/100mL)
49
What is it called when amino acids join together?
peptide bond
50
In the secondary structure of proteins, what bonds are formed between which atoms
hydrogen bonds are formed oxygen that is double bonded to the carbon, hydrogen bonded to the nitrogen
51
what bonds does a strand of cellulose form with other linear strands of cellulose
hydrogen bonds
52
Acids react with hydrogen carbonates to form ___
salts, water and carbon dioxide
53
A peptide bond is formed between which atoms
nitrogen and carbon
54
Is glucose aldose or ketose?
aldose
55
Is galactose aldose or ketose?
aldose
56
Is fructose aldose or ketose?
ketose
57
What is amylose?
a straight chain of a-glucose units with 1-4 bonds
58
What is amylopectin?
a branching system of a-glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 bonds
59
Is amylose or amylopectin more soluble in water?
Amylopectin
60
What is the difference between amylopectin and glycogen?
Glycogen has many more branches Perhaps every 10-15 monomers rather than every 20-30 monomers
61
In water, cellulose is ____
insoluble
62
Is LDPE or HDPE more flexible and sometimes see-through?
LDPE
63
Dose LDPE or HDPE have a mostly unbranched structure?
HDPE
64
Is LDPE or HDPE more rigid and sometimes opaque?
HDPE
65
Rf (retardation factor) is equal to ____
Distance sample travels / Distance solvent travels
66
What moves faster, small molecules or big molecules?
Small molecules
67
In electrophoresis, if the pH of the solvent is the same as the isoelectric point of the amino acid, the amino acid will ____
Not move
68
In electrophoresis, if the pH of the solvent is greater than the isoelectric point of the amino acid, the amino acid will ____
Donate hydrogen ions and move towards the positive plate
69
In electrophoresis, if the pH of the solvent is lesser than the isoelectric point of the amino acid, the amino acid will ____
Accept hydrogen ions and move towards the negative plate
70
What is this called?: N2 + 3H2 // 2NH3
The Haber process
71
What is this called: 2SO2 +O2 // 2SO3
The contact process
72
What conditions do they use for the Haber process?
high pressure (200 atm), high temperature (450dC), iron catalyst
73
What conditions do they use for the contact process?
>1atm of pressure, high temperature (450dC), V2O5 catalyst
74
After transterification occurs, the hydrolised carboxylic acids react with ____ to form ____
methanol, long combustable esters
75
What is the ethanol yield when you ferment glucose with yeast?
15% - a rather poor yield. This is because the yeast is poisoned by the ethanol after it produces it
76
The two equations in the standard electrode potential table relating to an acidic fuel cell have ___
H+ as an ion
77
The two equations in the standard electrode potential table relating to an alkaline fuel cell have ___
OH- as an ion
78
What colour is bromine water normally?
orange
79
What happens to bromine water when shaken with an alkene?
decolourisation
80
What happens to bromine water when shaken with an alkane?
nothing
81
Carboxylic acids react with bases to form ____
Salts and water
82
Carboxylic acids react with carbonates to form ____
Salts and water and carbon dioxide
83
Is an amine a strong or weak, acid or a base?
a weak base
84
Amine with water forms ___
RNH3+ + OH-
85
Does pressure change keep Kc value constant?
Yes
86
Does temperature change keep Kc value constant?
No

Chemistry (4 decks)

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