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Japan Sacred Sites > Ealc Final Exam > Flashcards

Ealc Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the (6) realms of Pure Land Buddhism

A
  1. Realm of Celestials
  2. Realm of Human Beings
  3. Realm of Raging Spirits
  4. Realm of Animals
  5. Realm of hungry Ghosts
  6. Realm of Hell
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2
Q

What is the state in which one is released from the reincarnation and not be reborn again?

A

Nirvana

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3
Q

True or False: Pure Land Buddhism DOES NOT promise Nirvana but an immortal life in the Pure Land

A

True

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4
Q

In Pure Land Buddist mandala what was the hand gesture called used to teach?

A

Turning of the Wheel

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5
Q

The Lotus, pond, or lake are most associated with……?

A

Pure Land Buddhism

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6
Q

What did the Lotus flower mean?

A

It was a symbol of Purity used in reference with rebirth.

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7
Q

What were 3 ways to ensure you were reborn in to Amida Buddha’s Pure Land?

A
  1. Chant Amida Buddhas Name 10 times right before death and in sincerity.
  2. Visualize Amida’s Western Pure Land at the moment of death.
    3.Making and commissioning Buddhist buildings, images, sutras, to accumulate good karma.
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8
Q

Which building is an example of a 3-D Pure Land Buddhism?

A

Byodoin or Pheonix Hall

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8
Q

What technique did the sculptors use in the creation of the Amida Buddha in Phoenix Hall?

A

Joint Block technique in 11th century

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8
Q

How do you worship Amida Inside the Phoenix Hall?

A

Enter from the East and walk around the Buddha sculpture in a clockwise direction. And Bow to Amida Buddha

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8
Q

Why did Yorimichi build the Phoenix hall?

A

To make it easier to understand and visualize the Western Pure Land

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9
Q

which century was the Chusonji hall constructed in?

A

9th century

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9
Q

What is another name for the Konjikido Hall?

A

Golden Hall

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10
Q

What is the Hall Konjikido?

A

It is a combination of Amida Hall and Mausoleum.

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11
Q

What is inside the Konjikido Hall?

A

an altar with the mummified remains of Fujiwara no Kiyohira, his son, his grandson and great grandson.

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12
Q

Which century was the Konjikido Golden hall temple constructed?

A

12th century

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13
Q

What was the Chunsonji?

A

A very important Buddhist temple

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14
Q

Which 2 buildings are covered in complete gold?

A
  1. Konjikido Golden Hall
  2. Kinkakuji Golden Pavilion Temple
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15
Q

What is a Jizo Bodhisattva?

A

They are saviours of children from hell’s torment.

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16
Q

What 2 items can a Jizo Bodhisattva be seen holding?

A

A Monks Staff and a sacred Jewel

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17
Q

Why was the Konjikido covered in Gold?

A

It was said to counter act the impurities of the mummified remains inside.

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18
Q

True or False: Corpses are pure

A

False

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19
Q

True or False: Ashes and Bleached Remains are free of impurities

A

True

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20
Q

Which metal element is associated with Purification?

A

Gold

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21
Q

Why is gold important? (3)

A

1.It is a sign of Wealth
2.In Buddhism it is believed to be a holy substance, often used to adorn where the dieties reside.
3. Gold is the color of Amida Buddhas skin.

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22
Q

Why is Amida Buddha’s Western Pure Land all in gold?

A

Because Amida Buddhas skin is gold which reflects gold to all.

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23
Q

True or False: If they are not ashes they are not relics

A

True

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24
Q

How are Japanese Screens read?

A

Right to Left

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25
Q

What is a Waka?

A

Classical Japanese poetry that is short and used to express and convey emotions.

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26
Q

What is Yoshino?

A

Mountain renown for its cherry blossoms.

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27
Q

What is Shugendo?

A

Syncretic blend of Buddhism, shinto, and mountain worship

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28
Q

What do Shugendo Practitioners do on Yoshino?

A

They plant cherry blossom trees as offerings to the tutelary Deity

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29
Q

True or False: Yoshino is connected to the Imperial family.

A

True

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30
Q

What is the Tatsuta river?

A

A River in Nara renowned for its bright colored foliage on the river

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31
Q

Which two folding screens are often paired together.

A

Yoshino and Tatsuta

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32
Q

Which season does Yoshino screen depict?

A

Spring

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33
Q

Which season does Tatsuta depict?

A

Fall

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34
Q

3 Reasons why Yoshino and Tatsuta paired

A

1.They represent Yin and Yang
2. They represent perfect balance and all seasons
3. It is a reflection of the state of the Imperial Rule, depicting orderly balanced nation.

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35
Q

Which yin/yang does Yoshino represent?

A

Yang for the Yoshino mountain that is un-movable.

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36
Q

Which yin/yang does Tatsuta represent?

A

Yin for the element of the river and change

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37
Q

What is the main take away from the Tatsuta and Yoshino screens?

A

They are conceptualized images that do not really exist but used to conceptualize

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38
Q

What is a Byobu?

A

Free standing folding screen made of paper/silk with a wooden frame

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39
Q

What did Byobu screens do to rooms?

A

They would create a temporary space/setting

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40
Q

When were Byobu screens used?

A

For special occasions

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41
Q

What is Kumano

A

A popular pilgrimage site that consists of three shrines

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42
Q

What is the name of the festival that occurs every July 14th?

A

Nachi Fire Festival

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43
Q

What is nachi?

A

Nachi water fall in Kumano

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44
Q

What occurs during the Nachi Fire Festival?

A

The kami residing in the shrines are taken to the falls and back.

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45
Q

How many torch barrels are there?

A

12

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46
Q

How do the monks purify the path?

A

They run up and down stairs with giant torch barrels

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47
Q

What does fire symbolize

A

Purification

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48
Q

Why are fans used in the festival?

A

For good health and harvest

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49
Q

What does the Nachi Fire Festival do to the kami?

A

Revives their power

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50
Q

Which plant is associated with the Nachi Fire Festival?

A

Iris Flower

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51
Q

Why is the iris flower used in the Nachi Fire Festival?

A

They are said to ward off evil spirits and diseases

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52
Q

What is one visual representation of Kumano?

A

The Nachi Pilgrimage mandala

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53
Q

Is there a difference between Mandala and Mandara?

A

Yes!

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54
Q

What is Mandala used for?

A

Only be used to describe the Diamond Mandala

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55
Q

What is Mandara used for?

A

Should be used in regards to the Pilgrimage

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56
Q

Why is the sun and moon depicted in the Mandara?

A

To symbolize yin and yang, birth of light, the end of the day, Perfect balance.

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57
Q

Why are there couples all over the Mandara?

A

They were meant for those viewing the mandara to envision themselves there and to encourage couples to attend.

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58
Q

True or False: Watching a Ritual suicide brings one good karma

A

True

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59
Q

Who is Kannon?

A

The Bodhisattva of Compassion

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60
Q

Why did Ritual suicides happen?

A

Believed they could reach the pure land of bodhisattva from the shore of nachi

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61
Q

What is the name of the recitation of the Nachi pilgrimage mandala?

A

Etoki

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62
Q

Who explains the Nachi Pilgrimage Mandala?

A

Nuns

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63
Q

What 2 Worlds make up the Kumano Mind Contemplation Ten Worlds mandala

A

1.The 4 sacred realms (shishokai)
2. The 6 realms of transmigration (rokudo)

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64
Q

What are the 4 sacred realms?

A

1.Buddhas
2.Bodhisattvas
3.Sravakas
4.Pratyekbuddhas

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65
Q

What are the 6 realms of Transmigration?

A
  1. Realm of Celestials
  2. Realm of Human Beings
  3. Realms of DemiGods/Raging Spirits
  4. Realms of Animals
  5. Realms of Hungry Ghosts
    6.Realms of hell
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66
Q

Who is the judge of the after world?

A

King Enma in red

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67
Q

What does the Hill of Age depict?

A

Depicts the exemplary Life stages of a human from birth to death

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68
Q

What did the Hill of age encourage?

A

For people to have children and grand children and great grand children.

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69
Q

Who is in the river of the nether world?

A

Jizo Bodhisattva and children who died before their parents.

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70
Q

Who established the Muromachi government in 14th century?

A

Ashikaga Shogun

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71
Q

What are the 2 temples created by the Ashikaga shoguns?

A
  1. Golden Pavilion Temple (Kinkakuji)
  2. Silver Pavilion Temple (Ginkakuji)
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72
Q

What was the original purpose of the Golden Pavilion Temple?

A

A mansion to retire in for Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

73
Q

What was the Golden Pavilion Temple turned into after the death of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu?

A

Zen Temple

74
Q

When was the Golden Pavilion Temple built?

A

14th century

75
Q

What are the three floors of the Golden Pavilion Temple?

A
  1. First floor, informal relaxation and contemplation of the lake and garden
  2. Bodhisattvas in the cave
  3. Gold covered room housing the relics of Buddha “Relics Hall”
76
Q

What is the name of the artificial pond next to the Golden Pavilion Temple?

A

Mirror Lake

77
Q

True or False: The Silver Pavilion Temple covered in Silver Foil

A

False, no silver covering at all.

78
Q

how many stories is the Ginkakuji Silver Pavilion?

A

2

79
Q

When was the Silver Pavilion constructed?

A

15th century

80
Q

Who commissioned the Silver Pavilion?

A

Ashikaga Yoshimasa (grandson of Yoshimitsu)

81
Q

What are the two floors of the Silver Pavilion?

A
  1. Meditation
  2. a chapel dedicated to Kannon Bodhisattva (Kannon hall)
82
Q

What are two arguments as to why the Silver Pavilion Temple has no silver?

A
  1. Not enough money, it was primed just like the gold pavilion and only needed the silver last.
  2. It was simply modeled after the Golden Pavilion
83
Q

What is the cone shaped mound in the Sea of Silver Sand?

A

It is a platform used to sit and wait for the moon to rise

84
Q

What is the name of the highest mountain in Japan?

A

Mt. Fuji

85
Q

What are the three definition of Fuji?

A
  1. Immortal
  2. peerless
  3. Rich and abundant
86
Q

When were women allowed to climb Mt Fuji for Pilgrimage?

A

19th Century

87
Q

What is the name of the wood block print style?

A

Ukiyo-e

88
Q

What 3 words is Ukiyo-e made up of?

A

Uki- Floating
yo- World
e- Picture

89
Q

What does Ukiyo-e directly translate to ?

A

Pictures of the Floating World

90
Q

What are 3 popular depictions in Ukiyo-e?

A
  1. Famous places
  2. Sumo Wrestlers
  3. Erotica
91
Q

What are the 4 collaborators who create Ukiyo-e prints?

A

1.Publisher
2.Artist/designer
3.Block cutter
4.printer

92
Q

What is kabuki?

A

Traditional theatre where male actors specialize in female roles with gorgeous costumes and sets.

93
Q

Who created the Famous Ukiyo-e print of the Great Wave Off Kanagawa

A

Houksai Katsushika

94
Q

What are the names of the 2 works of Mt Fuji by Houksai?

A
  1. Thirty six views of Mt. Fuji
  2. One Hundred views of Mt. Fuji
95
Q

What did hokusai want as an artist?

A

to use his lifetime to become the best artist. He wished for immortality

96
Q

What do Pine trees symbolize?

A

Symbol of longevity and immortality

97
Q

What does the snowy covered mountain symbolize?

A

Symbol of Immortality

98
Q

What number was Houksai’s seal?

A

100

99
Q

What does the ascending dragon signify?

A

Worldy success

100
Q

What is a castle? (3)

A

1.Military defense
2. Center of governance
3. Residence of feudal warlords

101
Q

What is the purpose for castles being built on top of a hill?

A

Defensive and surveillance purposes.

102
Q

What is the name of the keep, donjon, center tower?

A

Tenshu

103
Q

What was a Tenshu used for?

A

Defensible residence and refuge of last resort within the castle complex

104
Q

What is the name of the white Castle

A

Himeji Castle or white heron Castle

105
Q

When was the Himeji Castle built?

A

14th century

106
Q

What kind of structure was used inside Castles and what was the purpose?

A

Spiral structure in order to buy time or stop attacks, defensive.

107
Q

Is the Himeji Castle Decorated on the inside?

A

No because it was meant as a defensive structure

108
Q

What is the name of the shrine on top of the the Himeji castle

A

Okasaba Shrine

109
Q

What is the name of the castle that no longer exists?

A

Azuchi Castle

110
Q

When was the Azuchi Castle constructed?

A

16th century

111
Q

What is the name of the feudal lord that almost unified the nation in the 16th century?

A

Oda Nobunaga

112
Q

When was the Azuchi castle Destroyed?

A

3 years after the death of Oda Nobunaga

113
Q

what is the name of the lake where the Azuchi castle once was?

A

Lake Biwa

114
Q

How did the Azuchi castle differ from the Himeji castle?

A

The Azuchi castle was furnished with paintings and lavish things.
The Himeji Castle is not furnished to live in.

115
Q

What was the Primary palace within the Azuchi castle modeled after?

A

After the living quarters of the emperor

116
Q

Why did Nobunaga use features of the imperial palace in his castle?

A

To emulate and elevate his political authority

117
Q

Who was the feudal lord who went through deification

A

Oda Nobunaga

118
Q

How many Kami Bodies Did Oda Nobunaga have?

A

2 just like Amaterasu

119
Q

What did Nobunaga present to Pope Gregory XIII in the 16th century?

A

A Folding screen of Azuchi Castle

120
Q

Who built the Nijo Castle?

A

Tokugawa Ieyasu

121
Q

What century was Nijo Castle constructed in?

A

Early 17th century

122
Q

Who expanded the Nijo Castle?

A

Tokugawa Iemitsu

123
Q

Who was Kano Tan’yu?

A

The Shoguns official painter

124
Q

What surrounded the Nijo Castle that helped keep it safe?

A

The Moat surrounding it

125
Q

Who illustrated the handscroll of Biography of Tokugawa Ieyasu?

A

Kano Tan’yu

126
Q

What were the animals depicted on the sliding doors?

A

Tigers, leopards, cheetahs, and peakcocks

127
Q

What did tigers, cheetahs, and leopards signify when placed in a room on the sliding doors?

A

They were to intimidate the audience before speaking to the shogun

128
Q

If you fought against the Daimyo in the battle of Sekigahara

A

you were known as an outside Daimyo and you were not to be trusted and were relocated away from the capital for security assurance

129
Q

What did the pine trees signify when they were painted in a room?

A

Symbol of longevity, ,immortality, evergreen as it is a medicine tree as well, rooted in shinto beliefs

130
Q

When was the Emperor Go-Mizunoo’s visit?

A

1626

131
Q

What is the name of the Mausoleum for Tokugawa Ieyasu?

A

Nikko Toshugo

132
Q

When was the Nikko Toshugo built?

A

late 16th century early 17th

133
Q

Who originally built the Nikko Toshugo?

A

Tokugawa Ieyasu’s son

134
Q

Who rebuilt the Nikko Toshugo ?

A

Tokugawa Ieyasu’s grandson

135
Q

What was the name Tokugawa Ieyasu received after being deified?

A

Tosho Daigogen

136
Q

What does Tosho Daigogen mean?

A

Great Avatar Illuminating East

137
Q

What is an avatar?

A

A kami that appears as a provisional manifestation of a buddhist Deity

138
Q

What is the animal on the front side of the Yomei Gate?

A

Two guardian lion dogs

139
Q

Who was Gong Dan (Duke of Zhou)?

A

A son of king Wen (founder of the Zhou Dynasty in china)

140
Q

What virtue did Gong Dan (Duke of Zhou) represent?

A

Virtuous

141
Q

What are the four accomplishments of a scholar-gentleman?

A

1.Music
2.Chess
3.Calligraphy
4. Painting

142
Q

What did auspicious animals like the tiger, dragon, horse, and peacock represent on the Yomei Gate?

A

Good omens, and translate a good ruler from china. Shows signs that heaven approved of the mandate of heaven

143
Q

What does Edo mean?

A

Bay Door

144
Q

What was Edo Originally?

A

A fishing village on the edge of Edo Bay. Then a castle town

145
Q

Who founded Edo?

A

Tokugawa Ieyasu

146
Q

When was the first time Edo Expanded under Tokugawa Ieyasu?

A

1603

147
Q

How was Edo Constructed in regards to its layout? (3)

A
  1. Used Geomancy to follow the flow of beneficial forces in the universe
    2.Used the 4 cardinal directions
  2. Designed after Chang’an and Kyoto
148
Q

What is a Daimyo?

A

Warlords whose territories had more than 10,000 koku of rice (1koku=5 brushels)

149
Q

What are the three types of Daimyo?

A

1.Related Daimyo- related directly to Tokugawa
2. House Daimyo- Had been serving Tokugawa since before the battle of Sekigahara
3. Outside Daimyo- Had been against Tokugawa during the battle of Sekigahara

149
Q

When was the construction of Edo Castle?

A

Early 17th century

150
Q

What happened to the Edo Castle in 1675?

A

Great fire destroyed 70% of edo castle

151
Q

How many times was the Tenshu in Edo Castle reconstructed?

A
  1. Ieyasu-1607
  2. Hidetada- 1623
  3. Iemitsu- 1638
152
Q

Which building burned in the great fire and was never rebuilt?

A

The Tenshu in the Edo Castle

153
Q

What is the Mandate of heaven?

A

If the Sovereign is virtuous, then his reign will be peaceful

154
Q

When were Edo Screens produced?

A

Early 17th Century

155
Q

How many panels were in the Edo folding screens?

A

6

156
Q

In the folding screen of the view of Edo what is depicted?

A

5000 people and scenes depicting Iemitsu

157
Q
A
158
Q

When was Tea brought from china?

A

8th Century

159
Q

Who brought tea from china?

A

Buddhist monks

160
Q

What century was it considered a medicine and a drink for aristocrats and monks?

A

12th century

161
Q

What did the buddhist monks use Matcha for?

A

A stimulant to keep monks awake during meditation

162
Q

Name 2 Early Tea Masters

A

1.Murata Juko
2.Sen No Rikyu

163
Q

What was a Tea Ceremony?

A

A ritualized Practice

164
Q

How many rules does Tea Master Sen No Rikyo have?

A

7

165
Q

What are the 7 rules by Tea Master Sen no Rikyu?

A
  1. make a satisfying bowl of tea
  2. Lay the charcoal so that the water boils effeciently
  3. Provide a sense of warmth in the winter and coolness in the summer
  4. Arrange flowers as though they were in a field
  5. Be ready and ahead of time
  6. Be prepared in case it rains
  7. Act with utmost consideration towards your guest
166
Q

What is Ichigo Ichie?

A

One time, one meeting, or once in a lifetime

167
Q

What is the significance of Ichigo Ichie?

A

emphesizes importance of being fully present and in the moment as it will never be repeated again. Encourages mindfulness and and deep appreciation.

168
Q

What is the Tai’an Tea Hut?

A

Oldest extant tea hut designed by Sen No Rikyu

169
Q

When was the Tai’an Hut constructed?

A

16th century

170
Q

Who was Toyotomi Hideyoshi?

A

a peasant who succeeded Nobunaga and unified Japan after Nobunaga’s assassination.

171
Q

What is Roku ware?

A

The 6 principle utensils in Tea ceremonies

172
Q

Who designed Roku Ware?

A

Sen no Rikyo

173
Q

Who created the Roku ware?

A

chojio

174
Q

What is Wabi?

A

Wabi represents humilidy, simplicity, understanding. an appreciation for its simple natural texture or shape

175
Q

What is Sabi?

A

Sabi represents the beauty of wear and tear on an item such as pottery.

176
Q

Who commissioned the Golden tea room?

A

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

177
Q

How many Tatami mats does the Golden tea room have?

A

3

178
Q

(4)Why did Toyotomi Hideyoshi build the Golden Tea room?

A
  1. For his enjoyment
  2. To Show off his wealth and power
  3. Political symbol
  4. He was a patron of the Arts
179
Q

What is the name of one of the largest tea ceremony in Japan?

A

Grand Kitano Tea Gathering

180
Q

Who hosted the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering ?

A

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

181
Q

How much tea was served at the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering?

A

800 for 1600 guests

182
Q

Who attended the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering?

A

Warriors, attendants, townspeaople, farmers, etc

183
Q
A

Japan Sacred Sites (3 decks)

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