Ealc Final Exam Flashcards
(188 cards)
1
Q
What are the (6) realms of Pure Land Buddhism
A
- Realm of Celestials
- Realm of Human Beings
- Realm of Raging Spirits
- Realm of Animals
- Realm of hungry Ghosts
- Realm of Hell
2
Q
What is the state in which one is released from the reincarnation and not be reborn again?
A
Nirvana
3
Q
True or False: Pure Land Buddhism DOES NOT promise Nirvana but an immortal life in the Pure Land
A
True
4
Q
In Pure Land Buddist mandala what was the hand gesture called used to teach?
A
Turning of the Wheel
5
Q
The Lotus, pond, or lake are most associated with……?
A
Pure Land Buddhism
6
Q
What did the Lotus flower mean?
A
It was a symbol of Purity used in reference with rebirth.
7
Q
What were 3 ways to ensure you were reborn in to Amida Buddha’s Pure Land?
A
- Chant Amida Buddhas Name 10 times right before death and in sincerity.
- Visualize Amida’s Western Pure Land at the moment of death.
3.Making and commissioning Buddhist buildings, images, sutras, to accumulate good karma.
8
Q
Which building is an example of a 3-D Pure Land Buddhism?
A
Byodoin or Pheonix Hall
8
Q
What technique did the sculptors use in the creation of the Amida Buddha in Phoenix Hall?
A
Joint Block technique in 11th century
8
Q
How do you worship Amida Inside the Phoenix Hall?
A
Enter from the East and walk around the Buddha sculpture in a clockwise direction. And Bow to Amida Buddha
8
Q
Why did Yorimichi build the Phoenix hall?
A
To make it easier to understand and visualize the Western Pure Land
9
Q
which century was the Chusonji hall constructed in?
A
9th century
9
Q
What is another name for the Konjikido Hall?
A
Golden Hall
10
Q
What is the Hall Konjikido?
A
It is a combination of Amida Hall and Mausoleum.
11
Q
What is inside the Konjikido Hall?
A
an altar with the mummified remains of Fujiwara no Kiyohira, his son, his grandson and great grandson.
12
Q
Which century was the Konjikido Golden hall temple constructed?
A
12th century
13
Q
What was the Chunsonji?
A
A very important Buddhist temple
14
Q
Which 2 buildings are covered in complete gold?
A
- Konjikido Golden Hall
- Kinkakuji Golden Pavilion Temple
15
Q
What is a Jizo Bodhisattva?
A
They are saviours of children from hell’s torment.
16
Q
What 2 items can a Jizo Bodhisattva be seen holding?
A
A Monks Staff and a sacred Jewel
17
Q
Why was the Konjikido covered in Gold?
A
It was said to counter act the impurities of the mummified remains inside.
18
Q
True or False: Corpses are pure
A
False
19
Q
True or False: Ashes and Bleached Remains are free of impurities
A
True
20
Q
Which metal element is associated with Purification?
A
Gold
21
Why is gold important? (3)
1.It is a sign of Wealth
2.In Buddhism it is believed to be a holy substance, often used to adorn where the dieties reside.
3. Gold is the color of Amida Buddhas skin.
22
Why is Amida Buddha's Western Pure Land all in gold?
Because Amida Buddhas skin is gold which reflects gold to all.
23
True or False: If they are not ashes they are not relics
True
24
How are Japanese Screens read?
Right to Left
25
What is a Waka?
Classical Japanese poetry that is short and used to express and convey emotions.
26
What is Yoshino?
Mountain renown for its cherry blossoms.
27
What is Shugendo?
Syncretic blend of Buddhism, shinto, and mountain worship
28
What do Shugendo Practitioners do on Yoshino?
They plant cherry blossom trees as offerings to the tutelary Deity
29
True or False: Yoshino is connected to the Imperial family.
True
30
What is the Tatsuta river?
A River in Nara renowned for its bright colored foliage on the river
31
Which two folding screens are often paired together.
Yoshino and Tatsuta
32
Which season does Yoshino screen depict?
Spring
33
Which season does Tatsuta depict?
Fall
34
3 Reasons why Yoshino and Tatsuta paired
1.They represent Yin and Yang
2. They represent perfect balance and all seasons
3. It is a reflection of the state of the Imperial Rule, depicting orderly balanced nation.
35
Which yin/yang does Yoshino represent?
Yang for the Yoshino mountain that is un-movable.
36
Which yin/yang does Tatsuta represent?
Yin for the element of the river and change
37
What is the main take away from the Tatsuta and Yoshino screens?
They are conceptualized images that do not really exist but used to conceptualize
38
What is a Byobu?
Free standing folding screen made of paper/silk with a wooden frame
39
What did Byobu screens do to rooms?
They would create a temporary space/setting
40
When were Byobu screens used?
For special occasions
41
What is Kumano
A popular pilgrimage site that consists of three shrines
42
What is the name of the festival that occurs every July 14th?
Nachi Fire Festival
43
What is nachi?
Nachi water fall in Kumano
44
What occurs during the Nachi Fire Festival?
The kami residing in the shrines are taken to the falls and back.
45
How many torch barrels are there?
12
46
How do the monks purify the path?
They run up and down stairs with giant torch barrels
47
What does fire symbolize
Purification
48
Why are fans used in the festival?
For good health and harvest
49
What does the Nachi Fire Festival do to the kami?
Revives their power
50
Which plant is associated with the Nachi Fire Festival?
Iris Flower
51
Why is the iris flower used in the Nachi Fire Festival?
They are said to ward off evil spirits and diseases
52
What is one visual representation of Kumano?
The Nachi Pilgrimage mandala
53
Is there a difference between Mandala and Mandara?
Yes!
54
What is Mandala used for?
Only be used to describe the Diamond Mandala
55
What is Mandara used for?
Should be used in regards to the Pilgrimage
56
Why is the sun and moon depicted in the Mandara?
To symbolize yin and yang, birth of light, the end of the day, Perfect balance.
57
Why are there couples all over the Mandara?
They were meant for those viewing the mandara to envision themselves there and to encourage couples to attend.
58
True or False: Watching a Ritual suicide brings one good karma
True
59
Who is Kannon?
The Bodhisattva of Compassion
60
Why did Ritual suicides happen?
Believed they could reach the pure land of bodhisattva from the shore of nachi
61
What is the name of the recitation of the Nachi pilgrimage mandala?
Etoki
62
Who explains the Nachi Pilgrimage Mandala?
Nuns
63
What 2 Worlds make up the Kumano Mind Contemplation Ten Worlds mandala
1.The 4 sacred realms (shishokai)
2. The 6 realms of transmigration (rokudo)
64
What are the 4 sacred realms?
1.Buddhas
2.Bodhisattvas
3.Sravakas
4.Pratyekbuddhas
65
What are the 6 realms of Transmigration?
1. Realm of Celestials
2. Realm of Human Beings
3. Realms of DemiGods/Raging Spirits
4. Realms of Animals
5. Realms of Hungry Ghosts
6.Realms of hell
66
Who is the judge of the after world?
King Enma in red
67
What does the Hill of Age depict?
Depicts the exemplary Life stages of a human from birth to death
68
What did the Hill of age encourage?
For people to have children and grand children and great grand children.
69
Who is in the river of the nether world?
Jizo Bodhisattva and children who died before their parents.
70
Who established the Muromachi government in 14th century?
Ashikaga Shogun
71
What are the 2 temples created by the Ashikaga shoguns?
1. Golden Pavilion Temple (Kinkakuji)
2. Silver Pavilion Temple (Ginkakuji)
72
What was the original purpose of the Golden Pavilion Temple?
A mansion to retire in for Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
73
What was the Golden Pavilion Temple turned into after the death of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu?
Zen Temple
74
When was the Golden Pavilion Temple built?
14th century
75
What are the three floors of the Golden Pavilion Temple?
1. First floor, informal relaxation and contemplation of the lake and garden
2. Bodhisattvas in the cave
3. Gold covered room housing the relics of Buddha "Relics Hall"
76
What is the name of the artificial pond next to the Golden Pavilion Temple?
Mirror Lake
77
True or False: The Silver Pavilion Temple covered in Silver Foil
False, no silver covering at all.
78
how many stories is the Ginkakuji Silver Pavilion?
2
79
When was the Silver Pavilion constructed?
15th century
80
Who commissioned the Silver Pavilion?
Ashikaga Yoshimasa (grandson of Yoshimitsu)
81
What are the two floors of the Silver Pavilion?
1. Meditation
2. a chapel dedicated to Kannon Bodhisattva (Kannon hall)
82
What are two arguments as to why the Silver Pavilion Temple has no silver?
1. Not enough money, it was primed just like the gold pavilion and only needed the silver last.
2. It was simply modeled after the Golden Pavilion
83
What is the cone shaped mound in the Sea of Silver Sand?
It is a platform used to sit and wait for the moon to rise
84
What is the name of the highest mountain in Japan?
Mt. Fuji
85
What are the three definition of Fuji?
1. Immortal
2. peerless
3. Rich and abundant
86
When were women allowed to climb Mt Fuji for Pilgrimage?
19th Century
87
What is the name of the wood block print style?
Ukiyo-e
88
What 3 words is Ukiyo-e made up of?
Uki- Floating
yo- World
e- Picture
89
What does Ukiyo-e directly translate to ?
Pictures of the Floating World
90
What are 3 popular depictions in Ukiyo-e?
1. Famous places
2. Sumo Wrestlers
3. Erotica
91
What are the 4 collaborators who create Ukiyo-e prints?
1.Publisher
2.Artist/designer
3.Block cutter
4.printer
92
What is kabuki?
Traditional theatre where male actors specialize in female roles with gorgeous costumes and sets.
93
Who created the Famous Ukiyo-e print of the Great Wave Off Kanagawa
Houksai Katsushika
94
What are the names of the 2 works of Mt Fuji by Houksai?
1. Thirty six views of Mt. Fuji
2. One Hundred views of Mt. Fuji
95
What did hokusai want as an artist?
to use his lifetime to become the best artist. He wished for immortality
96
What do Pine trees symbolize?
Symbol of longevity and immortality
97
What does the snowy covered mountain symbolize?
Symbol of Immortality
98
What number was Houksai's seal?
100
99
What does the ascending dragon signify?
Worldy success
100
What is a castle? (3)
1.Military defense
2. Center of governance
3. Residence of feudal warlords
101
What is the purpose for castles being built on top of a hill?
Defensive and surveillance purposes.
102
What is the name of the keep, donjon, center tower?
Tenshu
103
What was a Tenshu used for?
Defensible residence and refuge of last resort within the castle complex
104
What is the name of the white Castle
Himeji Castle or white heron Castle
105
When was the Himeji Castle built?
14th century
106
What kind of structure was used inside Castles and what was the purpose?
Spiral structure in order to buy time or stop attacks, defensive.
107
Is the Himeji Castle Decorated on the inside?
No because it was meant as a defensive structure
108
What is the name of the shrine on top of the the Himeji castle
Okasaba Shrine
109
What is the name of the castle that no longer exists?
Azuchi Castle
110
When was the Azuchi Castle constructed?
16th century
111
What is the name of the feudal lord that almost unified the nation in the 16th century?
Oda Nobunaga
112
When was the Azuchi castle Destroyed?
3 years after the death of Oda Nobunaga
113
what is the name of the lake where the Azuchi castle once was?
Lake Biwa
114
How did the Azuchi castle differ from the Himeji castle?
The Azuchi castle was furnished with paintings and lavish things.
The Himeji Castle is not furnished to live in.
115
What was the Primary palace within the Azuchi castle modeled after?
After the living quarters of the emperor
116
Why did Nobunaga use features of the imperial palace in his castle?
To emulate and elevate his political authority
117
Who was the feudal lord who went through deification
Oda Nobunaga
118
How many Kami Bodies Did Oda Nobunaga have?
2 just like Amaterasu
119
What did Nobunaga present to Pope Gregory XIII in the 16th century?
A Folding screen of Azuchi Castle
120
Who built the Nijo Castle?
Tokugawa Ieyasu
121
What century was Nijo Castle constructed in?
Early 17th century
122
Who expanded the Nijo Castle?
Tokugawa Iemitsu
123
Who was Kano Tan'yu?
The Shoguns official painter
124
What surrounded the Nijo Castle that helped keep it safe?
The Moat surrounding it
125
Who illustrated the handscroll of Biography of Tokugawa Ieyasu?
Kano Tan'yu
126
What were the animals depicted on the sliding doors?
Tigers, leopards, cheetahs, and peakcocks
127
What did tigers, cheetahs, and leopards signify when placed in a room on the sliding doors?
They were to intimidate the audience before speaking to the shogun
128
If you fought against the Daimyo in the battle of Sekigahara
you were known as an outside Daimyo and you were not to be trusted and were relocated away from the capital for security assurance
129
What did the pine trees signify when they were painted in a room?
Symbol of longevity, ,immortality, evergreen as it is a medicine tree as well, rooted in shinto beliefs
130
When was the Emperor Go-Mizunoo's visit?
1626
131
What is the name of the Mausoleum for Tokugawa Ieyasu?
Nikko Toshugo
132
When was the Nikko Toshugo built?
late 16th century early 17th
133
Who originally built the Nikko Toshugo?
Tokugawa Ieyasu's son
134
Who rebuilt the Nikko Toshugo ?
Tokugawa Ieyasu's grandson
135
What was the name Tokugawa Ieyasu received after being deified?
Tosho Daigogen
136
What does Tosho Daigogen mean?
Great Avatar Illuminating East
137
What is an avatar?
A kami that appears as a provisional manifestation of a buddhist Deity
138
What is the animal on the front side of the Yomei Gate?
Two guardian lion dogs
139
Who was Gong Dan (Duke of Zhou)?
A son of king Wen (founder of the Zhou Dynasty in china)
140
What virtue did Gong Dan (Duke of Zhou) represent?
Virtuous
141
What are the four accomplishments of a scholar-gentleman?
1.Music
2.Chess
3.Calligraphy
4. Painting
142
What did auspicious animals like the tiger, dragon, horse, and peacock represent on the Yomei Gate?
Good omens, and translate a good ruler from china. Shows signs that heaven approved of the mandate of heaven
143
What does Edo mean?
Bay Door
144
What was Edo Originally?
A fishing village on the edge of Edo Bay. Then a castle town
145
Who founded Edo?
Tokugawa Ieyasu
146
When was the first time Edo Expanded under Tokugawa Ieyasu?
1603
147
How was Edo Constructed in regards to its layout? (3)
1. Used Geomancy to follow the flow of beneficial forces in the universe
2.Used the 4 cardinal directions
3. Designed after Chang'an and Kyoto
148
What is a Daimyo?
Warlords whose territories had more than 10,000 koku of rice (1koku=5 brushels)
149
What are the three types of Daimyo?
1.Related Daimyo- related directly to Tokugawa
2. House Daimyo- Had been serving Tokugawa since before the battle of Sekigahara
3. Outside Daimyo- Had been against Tokugawa during the battle of Sekigahara
149
When was the construction of Edo Castle?
Early 17th century
150
What happened to the Edo Castle in 1675?
Great fire destroyed 70% of edo castle
151
How many times was the Tenshu in Edo Castle reconstructed?
1. Ieyasu-1607
2. Hidetada- 1623
3. Iemitsu- 1638
152
Which building burned in the great fire and was never rebuilt?
The Tenshu in the Edo Castle
153
What is the Mandate of heaven?
If the Sovereign is virtuous, then his reign will be peaceful
154
When were Edo Screens produced?
Early 17th Century
155
How many panels were in the Edo folding screens?
6
156
In the folding screen of the view of Edo what is depicted?
5000 people and scenes depicting Iemitsu
157
158
When was Tea brought from china?
8th Century
159
Who brought tea from china?
Buddhist monks
160
What century was it considered a medicine and a drink for aristocrats and monks?
12th century
161
What did the buddhist monks use Matcha for?
A stimulant to keep monks awake during meditation
162
Name 2 Early Tea Masters
1.Murata Juko
2.Sen No Rikyu
163
What was a Tea Ceremony?
A ritualized Practice
164
How many rules does Tea Master Sen No Rikyo have?
7
165
What are the 7 rules by Tea Master Sen no Rikyu?
1. make a satisfying bowl of tea
2. Lay the charcoal so that the water boils effeciently
3. Provide a sense of warmth in the winter and coolness in the summer
4. Arrange flowers as though they were in a field
5. Be ready and ahead of time
6. Be prepared in case it rains
7. Act with utmost consideration towards your guest
166
What is Ichigo Ichie?
One time, one meeting, or once in a lifetime
167
What is the significance of Ichigo Ichie?
emphesizes importance of being fully present and in the moment as it will never be repeated again. Encourages mindfulness and and deep appreciation.
168
What is the Tai'an Tea Hut?
Oldest extant tea hut designed by Sen No Rikyu
169
When was the Tai'an Hut constructed?
16th century
170
Who was Toyotomi Hideyoshi?
a peasant who succeeded Nobunaga and unified Japan after Nobunaga's assassination.
171
What is Roku ware?
The 6 principle utensils in Tea ceremonies
172
Who designed Roku Ware?
Sen no Rikyo
173
Who created the Roku ware?
chojio
174
What is Wabi?
Wabi represents humilidy, simplicity, understanding. an appreciation for its simple natural texture or shape
175
What is Sabi?
Sabi represents the beauty of wear and tear on an item such as pottery.
176
Who commissioned the Golden tea room?
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
177
How many Tatami mats does the Golden tea room have?
3
178
(4)Why did Toyotomi Hideyoshi build the Golden Tea room?
1. For his enjoyment
2. To Show off his wealth and power
3. Political symbol
4. He was a patron of the Arts
179
What is the name of one of the largest tea ceremony in Japan?
Grand Kitano Tea Gathering
180
Who hosted the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering ?
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
181
How much tea was served at the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering?
800 for 1600 guests
182
Who attended the Grand Kitano Tea Gathering?
Warriors, attendants, townspeaople, farmers, etc
183
