Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ENT > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is another name for otitis media with effusion?

A

Glue ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Glue ear?

A

Fluid in the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is glue ear due to?

A

Blockage of the eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the commonest cause of conductive hearing loss in childhood?

A

otitis media with effusion (glue ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What age group does glue ear normally affect?

A

2 year olds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does glue ear normally present?

A

Hearing loss
Speech delay
Behavioural problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 main risk factors of glue ear?

A

Downs syndrome

Cleft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would you see on otoscopy of glue ear?

A

Dull tympanic membrane
Visible fluid level
Air bubbles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is used to show the extent of the glue ear?

A

Auroscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main management of glue ear?

A

Nothing

Should resolve within 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What would you do if the glue ear didn’t resolve?

A

Grommets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A

An infection of the middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does acute otitis media usually follow?

A

An URTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main cause of acute otitis media?

A

Streptococus pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What other 2 organisms can cause acute otitis media?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

Haemophilus influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the main presentations of acute otitis media?

A

Otalgia and ear tugging
Hearing loss
Discharge
Coryzal symptoms- Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why might you get discharge in acute otitis media?

A

Tympanic membrane perforates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the main investigation of acute otitis media?

A

Otoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What might you see on an otoscopy of acute otitis media?

A

Bulging red tympanic membrane
Loss of light reflex
Opacification of tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main management of acute otitis media?

A

Analgesia for the pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What would you give if acute otitis media didn’t resolve in 3 days?

A

Amoxicillin

Erythromycin or clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are other possible reasons to give antibiotics for acute otitis media?

A

Bilateral acute otitis media and younger than 2
Immunocompromised
Perforation of the tympanic membrane
Symptoms lasting more than 4 days and not improving
Patient systemically unwell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the complications of acute otitis media?

A

Otitis media with effusion
Permanent hearing loss
Perforated ear drum
Mastoiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is chronic otitis media?

A

Chronic inflammation of the tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the main presentation of chronic otitis media?
Hearing loss despite grommets | Recurrent perforation of the tympanic membrane
26
What is the main management of chronic otitis media?
Mastoiditis
27
What is otitis externa?
Inflammation of the skin of the external auditory meatus
28
What is the main cause of otitis externa?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (staph aureus is the other common cause)
29
What is the main presentation of otitis externa?
Minimal discharge, itch and pain due to acute inflammation of the skin of the external auditory meatus.
30
What can malignant otitis externa progress to?
Temporal bone osteomyelitis
31
How is malignant otitis externa diagnosed?
CT scan
32
What is the immediate management of malignant otitis externa?
Admission to hospital and urgent referral to ENT
33
What is the medical management of malignant otitis externa?
IV antibiotics for pseudomonas aeruginosa
34
What additional symptoms can you get with malignant otitis externa?
Dysphasia Hoarseness Facial nerve dysfunction
35
What is otosclerosis?
Commonest cause of conductive hearing loss in young people
36
What type of condition is otosclerosis?
Autosomal dominant condition
37
What age group does otosclerosis usually affect?
20-40 year olds
38
What is the common presentation of otosclerosis?
Conductive hearing loss Tinnitus Normal tympanic membrane
39
What is the initial management of otosclerosis?
Hearing aid
40
What is the medical management of otosclerosis?
Stapedectomy
41
What is tympanosclerosis?
Chronic inflammation and scarring of the tympanic membrane leading to subsequent calcification of the tympanic membrane and associated structures
42
How does tympanosclerosis present?
Hearing loss | White patches on tympanic membrane
43
What is the management of tympanosclerosis?
Hearing aid
44
What is the surgical management of tympanosclerosis?
Excision of sclerotic patches
45
What is a cholesteatoma?
Non-cancerous growth of squamous epithelium
46
What does a cholesteatoma do?
It is trapped within the skull base causing local destruction
47
What age group is commonly affected by a cholesteatoma?
10-20 year olds
48
What is the main RF of a cholesteatoma?
Cleft palate
49
How does a cholesteatoma present?
Foul-smelling, non-resolving discharge Hearing loss Vertigo Facial nerve palsy
50
How does a cholesteatoma cause vertigo?
Local invasion of CN 8
51
How does a cholesteatoma cause facial nerve palsy?
Local invasion of CN 7
52
How is a cholesteatoma diagnosed?
otoscopy
53
What is seen otoscopy of a cholesteatoma?
'attic crust'
54
What is the management of a cholesteatoma?
Referral to ENT for surgical removal
55
What is a common trigger for otitis externa?
Swimming
56
What are the main features of otitis externa?
ear pain, itch, discharge
57
What would you find on otoscopy of someone with otitis externa?
red, swollen, or eczematous canal
58
What is the medical management of otitis externa?
Topical antibiotic or a combined topical antibiotic with a steroid
59
What medication would you not use in someone with otitis externa and a perforated ear drum?
Aminoglycosides
60
What are the other possible causes of otitis externa?
seborrhoeic dermatitis contact dermatitis (allergic and irritan)
61
What can be used in the management of otitis externa?
Neomycin and dexamethasone
62
What is otosclerosis due to?
Normal bone is replaced with vascular spongy bone
63
What is malignant otitis externa?
Uncommon, potentially life threatening type of otitis externa that is found in immunocompromised individuals
64
Who does malignant otitis externa usually affect?
Diabetes Immunosuppressant medications (e.g., chemotherapy) HIV
65
How can malignant otitis externa present?
- severe, unrelenting, deep-seated otalgia - temporal headaches - purulent otorrhea - possibly dysphagia, hoarseness and/or facial nerve dysfunction
66
Wat would be the management of non-resolving otitis externa with worsening pain?
Refer urgently to ENT IV antibiotics that cover pseudomonal infections
67
What is tympanosclerosis?
Calcification of tympanic memebrane
68
What is tympanosclerosis due to?
Chronic inflammation and scarring of the tympanic membrane
69
What is tympanosclerosis due to?
Chronic inflammation and scarring of the tympanic membrane

ENT (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions