Ear

Question 1

The _____ of the ear overlies the external auditory canal

Answer 1

tragus

Question 2

The _______ of the ear is the skin posterior to the opening of the ear which is flush with the opening

Answer 2

concha

Question 3

The ____ of the ear is the most superior and distal portion of the ear

Answer 3

helix

Question 4

Cauliflower ear is initially caused by bleeding between the ______ and the ________

Answer 4

perichondrium, auricular cartilage

Question 5

The blood supply to the external ear are the _____ and the ____ artery

Answer 5

superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery

Question 6

Veinous drainage of the external ear is via the _______ to the _______, and the ________ to the ________

Answer 6

superficial temporal vein, retromandibular vein, posterior auricular vein, external jugular vein

Question 7

lymph drainage from the lateral superior half of the external ear is to the _______ nodes which drain to the ______ nodes

Answer 7

superficial parotid nodes, superficial cervical nodes

Question 8

Lymph drainage from the medial superior half of the external ear is to the _____ nodes which drain to the ______ nodes

Answer 8

mastoid nodes, deep cervical nodes

Question 9

Lymph flow from the inferior half of the external ear drains directly to the _______ nodes

Answer 9

superficial cervical nodes

Question 10

Somatic afferent innervation of the superior half of the anterior ear is innervated by the ______ nerve which is a branch of ___

Answer 10

auriculotemporal nerve, CN V3

Question 11

SA innervation to the superior portion of the posterior external ear is provided by the ______ nerve which is a branch of ____

Answer 11

lesser occipital nerve, C2 (cervical plexus)

Question 12

SA innervation to the most inferior 1/3 of the ear (including the anti-tragus) is provided by the ______ nerve which is a branch of _____

Answer 12

great auricular nerve, C2-C3 (cervical plexus)

Question 13

A patient has nausea and a cough and reports that he injured his ear recently. What is likely the cause of his symptoms?

Answer 13

vagal scattered innervation of the external auditory meatus means that pain of the meatus can refer as nausea and cough

Question 14

The lateral external acoustic meatus is made of ______, and the medial 2/3 is made of _____

Answer 14

elastic cartilage, bone

Question 15

The epithelium that lines the external acoustic meatus has hair, sebaceous glands, ceruminous glands, but no ________

Answer 15

sweat glands

Question 16

The _____ of the external acoustic meatus is the transition from elastic cartilage to bone

Answer 16

isthmus

Question 17

In children the auricle should be pulled ________ during otoscopy

Answer 17

inferoposteriorly

Question 18

The tympanic membrane is attached to the ____ bone

Answer 18

malleus

Question 19

The ______ is the most superior surface of the tympanic membrane and its most anterior portion is called the ________ fold

Answer 19

pars flaccida, posterior mallear fold

Question 20

The 3 parts of the malleus as seen through the tympanic membrane from the base to the tip are the:

Answer 20

lateral process, handle, umbo

Question 21

The anterior and posterior surfaces of the tympanic membrane on either side of the umbo are called the ______

Answer 21

pars tensa

Question 22

SA innervation to the external surface of the tympanic membrane is provided by the _____ nerve which is a branch of ____ and projects to ____

Answer 22

auriculotemporal nerve, V3, CN X

Question 23

SA innervation to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane is provided by the _____ nerve

Answer 23

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 24

External auditory meatus is derived from _____ and the middle ear is derived from ______

Answer 24

cleft 1, pouch 1

Question 25

Normal orientation of the cone of light is ______

Answer 25

anteroinferior

Question 26

The middle ear is located in the _______ and is lined with ____

Answer 26

petrous portion of temporal bone, mucosa

Question 27

The pharyngotympanic tube is lined with ______

Answer 27

respiratory epithelium

Question 28

The mastoid antrum is the posterosuperior space of the middle ear and opens into ______

Answer 28

mastoid air cells

Question 29

The anterior part of the pharyngotympanic tube is made of ____ and is called the ____ wall. The posterior part is made of ______ and is called the ____

Answer 29

bone, carotid wall, cartilage, torus

Question 30

The tensor veli palatini acts on the ______

Answer 30

pharyngotympanic tube

Question 31

The malleus is an _____ derivative, the incus is an ______ derivative, and the stapes is an _____ derivative

Answer 31

arch 1, arch 1, arch 2

Question 32

The ______ crosses between the malleus and incus

Answer 32

chorda tympani

Question 33

The _____ has its footplate in the oval window

Answer 33

stapes

Question 34

The malleus, incus, and stapes are joined by _____ joints

Answer 34

synovial joints

Question 35

______ is the condition where the stapes footplate fuses to the oval window and is a form of ______ deafness

Answer 35

otosclerosis, conductive

Question 36

The superior wall of the middle ear is called the _____ and is directly inferior to the _______

Answer 36

tegmental wall (with tympanic recess), middle cranial fossa

Question 37

The floor of the middle ear is called the _____ and is directly adjacent to the ______

Answer 37

jugular wall, superior bulb of jugular vein

Question 38

The anterior wall of the middle ear is called the _____ and is adjacent to the _____. It also contains the _____ and the ________

Answer 38

carotid wall, internal carotid artery, auditory tube, canal for tensor tympani muscle

Question 39

The lateral wall of the middle ear is called the ______ and contains the _____, ______ (bone), and the ______.

Answer 39

membranous, tympanic membrane, malleus, chorda tympani

Question 40

The medial wall of the middle ear is called the ______. | It is identified by the ______ which is covered by the _______ of ____.

Answer 40

labrynthine wall, promontory (bulge), tympanic plexus, CN IX

Question 41

The round and oval windows are located on the ______

Answer 41

medial (labrynthine) wall of the middle ear

Question 42

The _______ is found in the superior portion of the posterior (mastoid) wall of the middle ear, as well as the ______ and ________

Answer 42

mastoid antrum, facial canal (for CN VII), pyramidal eminence (stapedius muscle)

Question 43

The posterior wall of the middle ear is called the ______

Answer 43

mastoid wall

Question 44

The 3 muscles of the middle ear are:

Answer 44

tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, stapedius

Question 45

The tensor tympani attaches from the ______ to the ______ and gets SE innervation from _____. Its action is to ________

Answer 45

cartilage of auditory tube, handle of malleus, CN V3, dampen amplitude of motion of tympanic membrane

Question 46

The _____ muscle is the smallest skeletal muscle

Answer 46

stapedius

Question 47

The stapedius muscle attaches from the ______ to the ______ and gets SE innervation from ______. Its action is to _________

Answer 47

pyramidal eminence of temporal bone, stapes, CN VII, reduce motion of stapes at oval window

Question 48

______ (nerve) exits the jugular foramen before giving off tympanic branch which becomes the tympanic plexus on the promontory

Answer 48

CN IX

Question 49

The tympanic branch of CN IX becomes the ______ on the _____ of the middle ear

Answer 49

tympanic plexus, promontory

Question 50

The ______ is SA innervation for the middle ear, auditory tube, and nasopharynx

Answer 50

tympanic plexus

Question 51

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers exit the tympanic plexus as the ______ nerve which will synapse on the ____ ganglion and go to the ________

Answer 51

lesser petrosal nerve, otic ganglion, parotid gland

Question 52

The CN VII enters the petrous temporal bone through the ________ to synapse on the ______ ganglion to provide _________ and _______________

Answer 52

internal acoustic meatus, geniculate ganglion, VA of anterior 2/3 tongue, SA of external acoustic meatus & deep concha

Question 53

After synapsing in the geniculate ganglion, ______ gives off the nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani

Answer 53

CN VII

Question 54

The CN VII exits the _______ after giving off the nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani

Answer 54

stylomastoid foramen

Question 55

The _____ courses medial to the malleus

Answer 55

chorda tympani

Question 56

The chorda tympani exits the skull via the ___________ and joins the lingual nerve (branch of V3) in the infratemporal fossa

Answer 56

petrotympanic fissure

Question 57

The ______ joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa

Answer 57

chorda tympani

Question 58

The ______ carries VA fibers for taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue as well as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the submandibular ganglion

Answer 58

chorda tympani

Question 59

The preganglionic parasympathetics from chorda tympani carry ____ innervation to ______________

Answer 59

VE, submandibular salivary gland, sublingual salivary gland

Question 60

The central nervous system is formed from the ______

Answer 60

neural tube

Question 61

The PNS is formed from the ______

Answer 61

neural crest

Question 62

The ________ which is located in mesoderm induces the ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm, neural plate, neural groove, and then the neural tube

Answer 62

notochord

Question 63

The ______ arises from ectoderm near neural tube and forms PNS and skeletal components of the anterior skull

Answer 63

neural crest