Ear Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
What are the three parts that make up the external ear
A
auricle
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane
2
Q
___cleft is the origin of the external acoustic meatus
A
1st cleft
3
Q
____ is the visible portion of the external ear
A
auricle
4
Q
The auricle consists of a single ___
A
elastic cartilage
5
Q
_____ contains the opening for the external acoustic meatus
A
auricle
6
Q
Blood supply for the auricle of the external ear (3)
A
superficial temporal
posterior auriclar
occipital
(from the ECA)
7
Q
Name the 5 nerves of the external ear
A
- great auricular
- auriculo-temporal
- lesser occipital
- auricular branch of the vagus
- facial
8
Q
What supplies motor to the auricular muscles
A
facial N
9
Q
Origin of the great auricular N
A
branch of the cervical plexus
10
Q
Origin of the auriculotemporal N
A
mandibular division of the trigeminal
11
Q
Origin of the lesser occipital N
A
lesser occipital (on the back side of the ear)
12
Q
Origin of the auricular N
A
vagus
13
Q
The external acoustic meatus is supported by ______ on the lateral third of it
A
elastic cartilage
14
Q
The external acoustic meatus middle two thirds is made up of ____
A
bones
15
Q
The external acoustic meatus is lined by a ____membrane and ____ glands
A
mucous membrane
ceruminous glands
16
Q
Modified sweat glands in the external acoustic meatus are the ____
A
ceruminous glands
17
Q
What three arteries give blood to the external acoustic meatus
A
- posterior auricular (ECA)
- Deep auricular (Maxillary)
- auricle (superficial temporal A.)
18
Q
Origin of the posterior auricular A.
A
ECA
19
Q
Origin of the deep auricular A.
A
Maxillary
20
Q
Origin of the auricle A.
A
superficial temporal A.
21
Q
Nerve supply to the external acoustic meatus (2)
A
- auriculotemporal N (of V3)
2. Auricular branch of vagus N
22
Q
c.c Why does it tickle your throat when you stick a Q-tip in your ear
A
referred pain to the vagus N
same innervation
23
Q
What does a Dr. have to do to straighten the ext. auditory meatus in an adult
A
pulls: up, out, & back
24
Q
How does a Dr. straighten the ext. auditory meatus in an infant
A
pulls it backward
the ext. auditory meatus is horizontal
25
The tympanic membrane is covered externally by___ and internally by ____
ext: skin
int: mucous membrane
(with a core of dense fibrous tis)
26
The central depression in the tympanic membrane is called____
umbo
27
The anterior superior umbo is the location of the anterior ____ fold and _____
anterior malleolar fold
| pars flaccida
28
The posterior superior umbo is the loation of posterior _____ fold, ____ , ____nerve , and long crus of ____
posterior malleous fold
pars flaccida
chorda tympani N
long crus of incus
29
The anterior inferior umbo is the location of the _____ during clinical examination
cone of light
30
POstioer inferior umbo is the safe site for ___ or ____ procedures
paracentesis
| myringotomy
31
Procedure where the Dr. removes a sample of ear fluid
paracentesis
| done in the post/inf. tempanic membrane
32
A surgical procedure in which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum to relieve pressure caused by excessive buildup of fluid, or to drain pus from the middle ear.
myringotomy
33
Origin of the tympanic membrane is the ____pharyngeal membrane
1st pharyngeal membrane
34
______ A. supplies the external surface of the external ear
deep auricular A.
35
The internal surface of the tympanic membrane is supplied by the _____ & ____A
stylomastoid
(branch of the posterior auricular art)
tympanic
(branch of the maxillary A)
36
What is the origin of the stylomastoid A.
posterior auricular A
37
What is the branch of the tympanic artery
Maxillary Art
38
Nerve supply to the tympanic membrane is (3) N
1. auriculotemporal N (externally)
2. Auricular branch of vagus
3. Glossopharyngeal N (internal)
39
N supply for the external portion of the tympanic membrane
auriculotemporal N
40
N supply for the internal portion of the tympanic membrane
glossopharyngeal N
41
3 portions of the middle ear
auditory ossicles
tensor tympani & stapedius
chorda tympani & tympanic plexus of nerves
42
Origin of the tympanic plexus ?
glossopharyngeal N
43
______ is a cavity in the petrous portion of the temporal bone which contains the auditry ossicles
middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity )
44
Where are the auditory ossicles housed?
tympanic cavity
45
the middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity) is located in ______
petrous portion of temporal bone
46
The tympanic cavity communicates with the nasopharynx through the ______
auditory tube
47
The tympanic cavity communicates with the mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum through the _____
aditus
48
_____: air spaces in the mastoid
mastoid air cells
| biggest one is called the mastoid antrum
49
boundaries of the tympanic cavity
roof: tegmen tympani
floor: roof of jugular fossa
anterior wall: auditory tube opening and tensor tympanic M
posterior wall: aditus, facial canal, and pyramid
Medial wall: lateral wall of inner ear, promotory, fenestra vestibuli, fenestra cochleae
Lateral wall: tympanci membrane
50
What is the name of the oval window
fenestra vestibuli
51
what is the name of the round window
fenestra cochleae
52
______ is the opening in the posterior wall of the tympanic membrane that leads to the mastoid atrium
aditus
53
_____ attached at the oval window
stapes
54
_____ is formed by the base of the cochlea
promontory
55
_____ covers the round window
second tempanic membrane
56
Cone of light on the right ear will shine at a _______ position
5 O'clock
57
cone of light on the left ear will shine at the _____ position
7 o'clock
58
Why does the int. & ext. tympanic membrane have two differ. Nerve supplies?
One is from ectoderm & one from endoderm
59
4. The _______M attaches to the pyramid on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity
stepedius M
60
5. The posterior wall of the tympanic cavity is made up of what bone ?
5. Mastoid (has the aditus opening)
61
6. What are the 2 openings on the ant. Wall of the tympanic cavity ?
6. Auditory tube & tensor tympani M
62
7. What makes up the roof of the tympanic cavity?
7. Tegmen tympani
63
8. What makes up the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity?
8. Tympanic membrane
64
9. What three structures make up the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?
9. Aditus, facial canal opening, pyramid
65
10. The medial wall of the middle ear is the ______ wall of the inner ear
10. Lateral wall
66
11. The fenestra vestibuli houses the ______ bone
stapes
67
12. The promontory is formed by the ________
12. Base of the cochlear
68
13. The fenestra cochleae is covered by the _______
13. Secondary tempanic membrane
69
14. The floor of the tympanic cavity is formed by the _____
14. Jugular fossa
70
15. Chorda tympani has _______ fibers
SVA pregg PS
71
16. Chorda tympani synpases at the ______ gg
16. Submandibular gg
72
17. What glands does the chorda tympani N supply?
17. Submandibular & lingual gland (postgg PS)
73
18. What two nerves join to make the tempanic N
18. Lesser Petrosal N & Branch from internal carotid plexus
74
19. The tympani N synapses at the ____ gg
19. Otic gg
75
20. After the tympanic N synpases at the otic gg it joins with the _______N
20. Auricular N
76
21. The auricular N innervates the _____gland
21. Parotid gland
77
22. Incus- mallear joint is a ___ joint
saddle joint
78
23. Incus stapes is a ______ joint
23. Ball and socket
79
24. c.c. If there is a intracranial lesion of the facial N. What would the sx. Be?
24. Hyperacussis, hypoageusia or ageusia, paralysis of M. of facial expression
80
25. What two nerve branches goes the facial nerve give off in the facial canal?
25. Chordea tempani, N to the stapedius
81
26. c.c. if there is an extracranial lesion to the facial N what structures will be affected?
26. M of facial Expression
82
27. What is the path of the facial N
27. Int. auditory meatus → facial canal → stylo-mastoid foramen
83
28. Definition of hypogeusia
28. Decrease taste sensation
84
29. O & I of the tensor tympani M
29. O: cartilage of auditory tube , I: Handle of malleus
85
30. O & I of the stapedius M
30. O: Pyramid I: Neck of stapes
86
31. N. supply to the tensor tympani M
31. N. to medial pterygoid
87
32. N. supply to the stapedius M
facial N
88
33. _______M draws the tympanic membrane medially, increasing its tension = lessen sound transmission
33. Tensor tympani M
89
34. ______M damps down vibrations by pulling the head of stapes posteriorly
34. Stapedius M
90
35. c.c What two Nerves does shingles cause lesions in?
35. Ophthalmic (v1) , auriculotemporal (v3)
91
36. 2 other names for the auditory tube
36. Pharyngotympanic tube , Eustachian tube
92
37. ____ tonsil guards the auditory tube at the entrance to the nasopharynx
37. Tubal tonsil
93
38. Yawning causes the _______ to open and allow air in
38. Pharyngotympanic tube
94
39 Going to lower altitudes there _____ pressure on the outside
39. Higher
95
40. When going to a higher altitudes there is higher pressure in the ________
middle ear
96
41. What two structures make up the inner ear
41. Bony labyrinth , membranous labyrinth
97
42. The inner ear is located inside the petrous port of the ______bone
42. Temporal bone
98
43. Membranous labyrinth is suspended within the _______
43. Bony labyrinth
99
44. The membranous labyrinth is filled with fluid called _______
44. Endolymph
100
45. The membranous labyrinth is separated from the bony labyrinth by a space filled with a fluid called _____
perilymph
101
46. The bony labyrinth is made up of the : (3) parts
46. Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canal
102
47. The membranous labyrinth is made up of : (4) parts
47. Utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, and cochlear duct
103
48. What houses the membranous labyrinths utricle and saccule ?
48. Bony labyrinth’s vestibule
104
49. ______ is a boney core that contains the spiral gg
49. Modiolus
105
50. The cochlea turns around the _______
50. Modiolus (a bony core that houses the spiral gg)
106
51. _____ is the apex of the cochlea
51. Cupula
107
52. ______ is a thread of bone around the modiolus
52. Osseous spiral lamina
108
53. ______ houses the cell bodies of the neurons in the cochlear N
53. Spiral gg (bipolar type of neuron )
109
54. Spiral gg. Has _______ fibers
54. SSA
110
55. What two membranes divide the inner ear into three divisions
55. Vestibular membrane, basilar membrane
111
56. The _____ & ____ are filled with perilymph and are communicate through the helicotrema in the inner ear
Scala vestibuli & scala tempani
112
57. Scala vestibuli ends at the _____
57. Oval window (closed by the stapes)
113
58. Scala tympani ends at the ______
58. Round window (closed by the secondary tympanic membrane
114
59. Between the scala vestibuli and the scala tempani is the ______ filled with _______
59. Cochlear Duct, endolymph
115
60. Where are cilia embedded ?
60. Tectorial membrane (on top of the spiral organ/ organ of corti)
116
61. The vestibule is conti anteriorly with the ___ and posteriorly with the ______
61. Ant: cochlea , Post: semicircular ca
117
62. The lateral wall of the cochlea contains the ____&______
62. Oval and round window
118
______ semicircular canal lies at a RIGHT ANGLE to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
anterior SC
119
___ semicircular canal lies in LONG AXIS of petrous part of the temporal bone
posterior SC
120
___ semicircular canal lies HORIZONTAL
lateral
121
___ & ____ are two small sacs filled with endolymph that are located in the vestible
utricle & saccule
122
* The utricle and saccule communicate with each other through the ____
utriculosacular duct
123
* Utriculosacular duct (btw the utricle & saccule) connects with the _______ duct and drains into the endolymphatic sac
endolymphatic duct
124
Modified SENSORY epithelium in the utricle and saccule are called ________
macula utriculi
| macula sacculi
125
N innervation to the macula hair cells in the utricle and saccule
CN VIII : vestibulocohlear (s)
126
Fxn of the vestibulocochlear N (CNVIII)
static equilibrium
position of head
acceleration/ deceleration
127
the ampulla and the end of each semicircular duct contains the ____
crista ampullaris
128
fxn of the crista ampullaris
dynamic equilibrium
| - rotation/ acceleration/ deceleration
129
The macula fxn is _____ equilibrium. While the crista ampullaris fxn is ____ equilibrium
macula = static equilibrium
crista ampullaris = dynamic equilibrium
130
The inner er structures are innervated by ___CN
vestibulocochlear (CNVIII)
- Innervates: cristae & Macula
131
____ is the spiral tube fixed to the cochlear canal by the spiral lig
cochlear duct
132
the cochlear duct is fixed to the cochlear canal by the ____ lig
spiral lig
133
The roof of the cochlear duct is the _____ and the floor is the _____
roof: vestibular membrane
Floor: basilar membrane & spiral lamina
134
____ contains the organ (corti) of hearing
cochlear duct
135
The organ of corti rests on the ____ membrane
basilar membrane
- covered by the tectorial membrane
136
The organ of corti is covered by the __
tectorial membrane
-rests on the basilar membrane
137
Sensory hair cells for hearing are innervated by the _____N
cochlear nerve
138
Internal acoustic meatus opens to the _____
petrous portion of the temporal bone
139
The internal acoustic meatus is closed laterally by a thin plate of bone that separates the meatus from the ______
inner ear
140
What passes through the internal acoustic meatus
```
Facial N (VII)
Vestibulocochlear N (VIII)
```
labrythin artery
branch of the basilar artery
141
2 divisions of the vestibulocochlear N
Cochlear N- detection of sound
| Vestibular N - detection of movement
142
____ directs sound waves to the external auditory meatus
auricle
143
primary auditory cortex is located in the _____ gyrus
superior temporal gyrus
144
The pressure waves from the stapes pushing in and out of the oval window causes deformation in the ____&______
scala vestibuli
| scala tympani
145
C.C. Conductive deafness is a problem from the ___ to the ____
outer ear to the ossicles
146
____gg is affected when the organ of Corti hairs move against the tectorial membrane
spiral gg
- stim the cochlear N
147
Cochlear N is stim by ______gg
spiral gg
148
High pitch sounds are dettected by ____ of spiral organ
base of the spiral organ
149
Low pitch sounds are dettected by _____ of spiral organ
apex of spiral organ
