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Gross Anatomy of Head and Neck > Ear and Eye > Flashcards

Ear and Eye Flashcards

Lecture 5

1
Q

bones forming the orbit are

A

frontal
zygomatic
maxilla
lacrimal
sphenoid
ethmoid
palatine

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2
Q

bony orbit protects the

A

eyes, the sensory organs for vision

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3
Q

muscles that move the eyeball (extraocular muscles)

A

four rectus muscles: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus

two oblique muscles: superior oblique, inferior oblique

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4
Q

superior rectus

A

moves the eyeball up

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5
Q

inferior rectus

A

moves the eyeball down

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6
Q

medial rectus

A

moves the eyeball medially

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7
Q

lateral rectus

A

moves the eyeball laterally

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8
Q

superior oblique

A

moves the eyeball laterally and down

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9
Q

inferior oblique

A

moves the eyeball laterally and up

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10
Q

all eye muscles originate from

A

a common tendinous ring around optic foramen

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11
Q

the inferior oblique originates from

A

the floor of the orbit

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12
Q

all muscles of the eye are innervated by

A

CN III (Oculomotor nerve)

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13
Q

all eye muscles are innervated by CN III except

A

lateral rectus muscle (CN VI) and superior oblique muscle (CN IV)

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14
Q

intraocular muscles and their functions

A

constrictor pupillae muscle: constricts the pupil
dilator pupillae muscle: dilates the pupil

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15
Q

intraocular muscles receive ______ innervation

A

autonomic innervation

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16
Q

parasympathetic fibres of the intraocular muscles

A

from CN III —> constrictor pupillae muscle

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17
Q

sympathetic fibres of the intraocular muscles

A

from sympathetic chain —> dilator pupillae muscle

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18
Q

lacrimal gland lies in the

A

anterolateral part of the roof of the orbit

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19
Q

tears pass across the surface of the eye and collect in the

A

lacrimal sac

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20
Q

from the lacrimal sac tears drain via _______ duct into the nose

A

nasolacrimal

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21
Q

lacrimal gland innervation

A

parasympathetic fibres from facial nerve (CN VII)

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22
Q

cranial nerves in the orbit

A

CN II
CN III
CN IV
CN V
CN VI

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23
Q

CN II

A

optic nerve
special sensory fibers for vision

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24
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor nerve
motor fibers: to most, 4 out of 6, extraocular muscles
parasympathetic fibers: to muscles that constrict pupil

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25
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear nerve
motor nerve to superior oblique muscle

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26
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal nerve
V1 branch; sensory nerve to the eyeball, skin on forehead, upper eyelid

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27
Q

CN VI

A

abducens nerve
motor nerve to lateral rectus muscle

28
Q

the ear canal of the external ear is separated from the middle ear by the

A

eardrum

29
Q

the middle ear is filled with and contains

A

air-filled and contains three small bones (ossicles)

30
Q

the middle ear is involved in

A

the transmission of sound

31
Q

the middle ear is connected to the throat via

A

the Eustachian tube

32
Q

the inner ear contains the

A

vestibular system (for balance)
cochlea (for hearing)

33
Q

external ear (pinna) is made of

A

elastic yellow fibrocartilage covered by skin

34
Q

pinna is shaped into

A

helix, the outer fold, and antihelix, the inner fold

35
Q

external auditory meatus extends from

A

the opening of the meatus to the tympanic membrane
approximately 25 mm long

36
Q

flap over the opening of the meatus is the _____ and the opposite fold is the

A

tragus
antitragus

37
Q

external auditory meatus structure

A

is enclosed in cartilage for the first 1/3 of its length, and in bone for the remaining 2/3s of its length

38
Q

external auditory meatus is lined by ______ which includes

A

epithelium which includes sebaceous and ceruminous glands and hair follicles

39
Q

inner wall of the meatus is formed by the

A

tympanic membrane

40
Q

tympanic membrane

A

a thin, cone-shaped, membrane
transmits sound from the air to the middle ear ossicles

41
Q

malleus

A

one of the ossicles
is attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane at umbo, the most depressed part of the cone

42
Q

tympanic membrane is innervated by

A

sensory branches of CN V, IX and X nerves

43
Q

malleus is one of the… and is attached to

A

is one of the three auditory ossicles and its handle is attached to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane

44
Q

tensor tympani muscle

A

attaches to the handle of malleus
role is to dampen the sounds and protect against hearing loss
innervated by the V3 branch of CN V

45
Q

the 3 middle ear ossicles are… are they articulate with one another by

A

malleus, incus, stapes
synovial joints

46
Q

malleus is attached to the

A

inner surface of the eardrum

47
Q

the head of malleus makes a joint with

A

incus

48
Q

incus makes a joint with

A

stapes

49
Q

the footplate of stapes inserts into the

A

oval window - the entrance to the cochlea of the inner ear

50
Q

stapedius muscle attaches

A

to the stapes and draws stapes backward

51
Q

stapedius muscle is innervated by

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

52
Q

function of the three ossicles

A

transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the fluid in cochlea

53
Q

middle ear is the

A

space between the external auditory meatus and the wall of the inner ear
often described as a box, with the roof, floor, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral walls

54
Q

the roof of the middle ear is formed by

A

tegmen tympani, part of the petrous temporal bone
separates the middle ear cavity from middle cranial fossa

55
Q

the floor of the middle ear is formed by

A

a thin layer of bone separating cavity from internal jugular vein

56
Q

the lateral wall of the middle ear is formed by

A

the inner surface of the tympanic membrane

57
Q

chorda tympani nerve passes between the

A

handle of malleus and the incus

58
Q

the medial wall of the middle ear separates

A

the middle ear from the inner

59
Q

the medial wall contains the

A

oval window and round window, the two openings that communicate with cochlea of the inner ear

stapes attaches to the oval window
stapedius muscle attaches to the stapes; dampens the sounds

60
Q

anterior wall of the middle ear

A

eustachian tube opens here, the tube connects middle ear with nasopharynx

canal for tensor tympani muscle above tube, internal carotid artery passes below tube

61
Q

facial nerves arises from the brain and enters the

A

internal acoustic meatus in the petrous temporal bone together with the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

62
Q

the three functional components of facial nerve

A

motor root: innervates muscles of facial expression
sensory fibers: provide taste to anterior 2/3s of the tongue
autonomic fibers: innervate lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

63
Q

the motor root of the facial nerve exits skull via

A

stylomastoid foramen

64
Q

the motor root of the facial nerve gives

A

5 motor branches to the face that supply muscles of facial expression

65
Q

greater petrosal nerve

A

reaches the pterygopalatine ganglion and via the ganglion carries parasympathetic fibres to the lacrimal gland to activate tear production

66
Q

chorda tympani

A

passes through the middle ear, carries special sensory fibres of taste to the tongue, and parasympathetic fibres to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Gross Anatomy of Head and Neck (11 decks)

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