Ear conditions and Eval

Question 1

What are the 2 functions of the ear?

Answer 1

Hearing
Static & dynamic equilibrium

Question 2

Contents of the middle ear?

Answer 2

Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Eustachian tube

Question 3

The stapes connects to the what to transmit sounds in the form of vibrations?

Answer 3

Oval window of the cochlea

Question 4

Helps to equalize the air pressure in middle ear with that of outside air

Answer 4

Eustachian tube

Question 5

What is the function of the tensor tympani?

Answer 5

dampens the sound of chewing

Question 6

What is the function of the Stapedius?

Answer 6

Dampens the sounds of your own voice

Question 7

What nerve carries sound and body position & motion signals from the inner ear to brain?

Answer 7

CN 8, vestibulocochlear

Question 8

What are the components to the inner ear?

Answer 8

Cochlea
Utricle & Saccule
Semicircular Canals

Question 9

Provide information about body position at rest

Answer 9

Utricle & Saccule

Question 10

Provide information about the body in motion

Answer 10

Semicircular Canals

Question 11

What is auditory paresthesia commonly called?

Answer 11

Tinnitus

Question 12

An infection of the skin and outer ear is called?

Answer 12

Perichondritis

Question 13

Otitis Externa common name?

Answer 13

Swimmer’s Ear

Question 14

Exostoses in ear canal is called?

Answer 14

Surfer’s Ear

Question 15

absence or abnormal narrowing of an opening or passage in the body is what?

Answer 15

Atresia

Question 16

Is Atresia of the ear just a cosmetic issue?

Answer 16

no, can affect the canal opening and may cause it to not be there at all aka Anotia

Question 17

• A condition that sometimes results from physical trauma to the pinna, or inflammation or infection
• Because the circulation in parts of the ear is slow, trapped blood and fluid can organize, creating permanent deformity in the shape of the pinna

Answer 17

Cauliflower Ear

Question 18

• Another name for the inflammation or infection of external ear secondary to infection, trauma, piercing, or other causes
• Treated with astringents
  and systemic antibiotics to prevent permanent disfigurement
• Drainage when necessary

Answer 18

Perichondritis

Question 19

Which form of scarring is temporary and which is permanent?

Answer 19

Temporary= Hypertrophic
Permanent= Keloid

Question 20

• Often caused by water getting into ear canal
• Due to bacteria or fungi
• Can cause a boil or abscess
  *Diabetes and/or skin conditions like dermatitis can make ear prone to infection

Answer 20

Otitis Externa aka swimmer’s ear

Question 21

What are the symptoms of swimmer’s ear?

Answer 21

itching, swelling, pain, tenderness, discharge, & occasionally hearing loss due to obstruction

Question 22

What exam findings do you expect with Otitis externa?

Answer 22

Pain w/manipulation or pressing on the tragus

Question 23

What is the appropriate care for Otitis Externa/Swimmer’s ear?

Answer 23

Depends on cause=
*Hematoma or abscess is drained
*Antibiotics
*Anti-inflammatory drugs
*keep moisture out of ear

Question 24

What has been proven to play a huge role in non-infectious otitis externa?

Answer 24

Food sensitivities producing IgE antibodies

Question 25

What could be the cause of hearing loss, a "plugged" sensation, and earache?

Answer 25

Impacted Cerumen

Question 26

what are the two features you are looking for when inspecting the tympanic membrane?

Answer 26

Manubrium of the malleus Cone of light

Question 27

* A benign tumor near eardrum * Can grow into middle ear space, destroying ossicles * Appears as white mass behind or on eardrum * Most are due to repeated middle ear infections * Some are congenital epidermoid cysts – skin growing in the wrong place

Answer 27

Cholesteatoma

Question 28

How do you treat a cholesteatoma?

Answer 28

Surgery to remove growth Reconstruct damaged ossicles/eardrum Antibiotics if infected Goal is to preserve hearing & balance

Question 29

Why do middle ear infections happen more often in kids?

Answer 29

Eustachian tubes are shorter, more horizontal, and narrower making it easier to obstruct them Have not developed antibodies yet for those infections

Question 30

Correct name for middle ear infection?

Answer 30

Acute Otitis Media

Question 31

What can occur in acute otitis media that could lead to increased pain, then a sudden release of pain and drainage?

Answer 31

Inflammation causing increase fluid in middle ear Tympanic membrane bulging outward Pressure causes pain Spontaneous perforation Drainage of fluid/pus

Question 32

*Exam reveals fever, tenderness to pressure on mastoid area, and the following tympanic membrane changes during otoscopic exam: * Redness/injection, possible dullness due to pus * Bulging or retraction * Altered appearance of cone of light, umbo * Fluid levels visible, possibly with bubbles * Tympanic membrane is less mobile (with pneumatic otoscope) What is this?

Answer 32

Acute Otitis Media

Question 33

*Fever, if any, is lower * Pain is low‐grade or absent * Child appears less sick, less fussy, eats better * May be fluid behind tympanic membrane, and bubbles, but less redness and no pus. This is not Acute Otitis Media this is?

Answer 33

Serous Otitis Media

Question 34

Best researched practices for Acute or Serous Otitis Media?

Answer 34

Wait and see- wait 48 hours and use NSAIDs & ear drops to lessen fever & pain for 2 days. If worse in 48 hours, get antibiotics

Question 35

Two chiropractic techniques for otitis media?

Answer 35

Muncie technique Galbreath Technique

Question 36

Name the procedure to create a hole in the ear drum to allow fluid that is trapped in the middle ear to drain out.

Answer 36

Myringotomy Can be done with or without Tympanostomy Tubes

Question 37

What are the risks of treating infants with anti-biotics?

Answer 37

1. Diarrhea due to killing of symbiotic gastrointestinal flora 2. Increased risk of allergies, asthma 3. Increased risk of resistant bacteria; increased antibiotic resistance 4. Slightly increased risk of cancer

Question 38

*The scarring of the eardrum secondary to acute otitis media or chronic, recurrent middle ear infections * The patient has a history of middle ear infections * Tympanic membrane looks irregular, with dull white spots and/or pits * Otoscopically, it looks a bit like cholesteatoma

Answer 38

Tympanosclerosis aka myringosclerosis

Question 39

Your patient has a ruptured ear drum. How will you confirm and how will you treat them?

Answer 39

Confirm with otoscopic exam Most heal within 4-8 weeks, keep ear clean and dry Antibiotics can be prescribed to treat infection or to prevent infection

Question 40

*Abnormal bone growth of the middle ear bones (ossicles) or of the bone that surrounds the inner ear, Stapes is most commonly affected * When it affects the ossicles, it eventually immobilizes them so that: * they can’t vibrate * they can’t transmit sound what is this?

Answer 40

Otosclerosis

Question 41

* A common cause of hearing impairment * Tends to run in families * Affects more women than men; Especially young Caucasian women * Main symptom is hearing loss * Occurs gradually * One or both ears may be affected * Tinnitus and/or dizziness may also be present

Answer 41

Otosclerosis

Question 42

Can you identify otosclerosis with an otoscope?

Answer 42

No, it is to far from the tympanic membrane to see

Question 43

*Injury to the ear from changes in barometric pressure or water pressure * Most common cause is blockage or partial blockage of eustachian tube *If severe, can cause bleeding and/or rupture of the tympanic membrane

Answer 43

Barotrauma