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EENT > Ear conditions and Eval > Flashcards

Ear conditions and Eval Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 functions of the ear?

A

Hearing
Static & dynamic equilibrium

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2
Q

Contents of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane
Ossicles
Eustachian tube

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3
Q

The stapes connects to the what to transmit sounds in the form of vibrations?

A

Oval window of the cochlea

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4
Q

Helps to equalize the air pressure in middle ear with that of outside air

A

Eustachian tube

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5
Q

What is the function of the tensor tympani?

A

dampens the sound of chewing

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6
Q

What is the function of the Stapedius?

A

Dampens the sounds of your own voice

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7
Q

What nerve carries sound and body position & motion signals from the inner ear to brain?

A

CN 8, vestibulocochlear

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8
Q

What are the components to the inner ear?

A

Cochlea
Utricle & Saccule
Semicircular Canals

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9
Q

Provide information about body position at rest

A

Utricle & Saccule

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10
Q

Provide information about the body in motion

A

Semicircular Canals

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11
Q

What is auditory paresthesia commonly called?

A

Tinnitus

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12
Q

An infection of the skin and outer ear is called?

A

Perichondritis

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13
Q

Otitis Externa common name?

A

Swimmer’s Ear

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14
Q

Exostoses in ear canal is called?

A

Surfer’s Ear

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15
Q

absence or abnormal narrowing of an opening or passage in the body is what?

A

Atresia

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16
Q

Is Atresia of the ear just a cosmetic issue?

A

no, can affect the canal opening and may cause it to not be there at all aka Anotia

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17
Q
  • A condition that sometimes results from physical trauma to the pinna, or inflammation or infection
  • Because the circulation in parts of the ear is slow, trapped blood and fluid can organize, creating permanent deformity in the shape of the pinna
A

Cauliflower Ear

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18
Q
  • Another name for the inflammation or infection of external ear secondary to infection, trauma, piercing, or other causes
  • Treated with astringents
    and systemic antibiotics to prevent permanent disfigurement
  • Drainage when necessary
A

Perichondritis

19
Q

Which form of scarring is temporary and which is permanent?

A

Temporary= Hypertrophic
Permanent= Keloid

20
Q
  • Often caused by water getting into ear canal
  • Due to bacteria or fungi
  • Can cause a boil or abscess
    *Diabetes and/or skin conditions like dermatitis can make ear prone to infection
A

Otitis Externa aka swimmer’s ear

21
Q

What are the symptoms of swimmer’s ear?

A

itching, swelling, pain, tenderness, discharge, & occasionally hearing loss due to obstruction

22
Q

What exam findings do you expect with Otitis externa?

A

Pain w/manipulation or pressing on the tragus

23
Q

What is the appropriate care for Otitis Externa/Swimmer’s ear?

A

Depends on cause=
*Hematoma or abscess is drained
*Antibiotics
*Anti-inflammatory drugs
*keep moisture out of ear

24
Q

What has been proven to play a huge role in non-infectious otitis externa?

A

Food sensitivities producing IgE antibodies

25
Q

What could be the cause of hearing loss, a “plugged” sensation, and earache?

A

Impacted Cerumen

26
Q

what are the two features you are looking for when inspecting the tympanic membrane?

A

Manubrium of the malleus
Cone of light

27
Q
  • A benign tumor near eardrum
  • Can grow into middle ear space, destroying ossicles
  • Appears as white mass behind or on eardrum
  • Most are due to repeated middle ear infections
  • Some are congenital epidermoid cysts – skin growing in the wrong place
A

Cholesteatoma

28
Q

How do you treat a cholesteatoma?

A

Surgery to remove growth
Reconstruct damaged ossicles/eardrum
Antibiotics if infected
Goal is to preserve hearing & balance

29
Q

Why do middle ear infections happen more often in kids?

A

Eustachian tubes are shorter, more horizontal, and narrower making it easier to obstruct them
Have not developed antibodies yet for those infections

30
Q

Correct name for middle ear infection?

A

Acute Otitis Media

31
Q

What can occur in acute otitis media that could lead to increased pain, then a sudden release of pain and drainage?

A

Inflammation causing increase fluid in middle ear
Tympanic membrane bulging outward
Pressure causes pain
Spontaneous perforation
Drainage of fluid/pus

32
Q

*Exam reveals fever, tenderness to pressure on mastoid area, and the following tympanic membrane changes during otoscopic exam:
* Redness/injection, possible dullness due to pus * Bulging or retraction
* Altered appearance of cone of light, umbo * Fluid levels visible, possibly with bubbles
* Tympanic membrane is less mobile (with pneumatic otoscope)
What is this?

A

Acute Otitis Media

33
Q

*Fever, if any, is lower
* Pain is low‐grade or absent
* Child appears less sick, less fussy, eats better
* May be fluid behind tympanic membrane, and bubbles, but less redness and no pus.

This is not Acute Otitis Media this is?

A

Serous Otitis Media

34
Q

Best researched practices for Acute or Serous Otitis Media?

A

Wait and see- wait 48 hours and use NSAIDs & ear drops to lessen fever & pain for 2 days.
If worse in 48 hours, get antibiotics

35
Q

Two chiropractic techniques for otitis media?

A

Muncie technique
Galbreath Technique

36
Q

Name the procedure to create a hole in the ear drum to allow fluid that is trapped in the middle ear to drain out.

A

Myringotomy
Can be done with or without Tympanostomy Tubes

37
Q

What are the risks of treating infants with anti-biotics?

A
  1. Diarrhea due to killing of symbiotic gastrointestinal flora
  2. Increased risk of allergies, asthma
  3. Increased risk of resistant bacteria; increased antibiotic resistance
  4. Slightly increased risk of cancer
38
Q

*The scarring of the eardrum secondary to acute otitis
media or chronic, recurrent middle ear infections
* The patient has a history of middle ear infections
* Tympanic membrane looks irregular, with dull white spots and/or pits
* Otoscopically, it looks a bit like cholesteatoma

A

Tympanosclerosis
aka myringosclerosis

39
Q

Your patient has a ruptured ear drum. How will you confirm and how will you treat them?

A

Confirm with otoscopic exam
Most heal within 4-8 weeks, keep ear clean and dry
Antibiotics can be prescribed to treat infection or to prevent infection

40
Q

*Abnormal bone growth of the middle ear bones (ossicles) or of the bone that surrounds the inner ear, Stapes is most commonly affected
* When it affects the ossicles, it eventually immobilizes them so that:
* they can’t vibrate
* they can’t transmit sound
what is this?

A

Otosclerosis

41
Q
  • A common cause of hearing impairment
  • Tends to run in families
  • Affects more women than men; Especially young Caucasian women
  • Main symptom is hearing loss * Occurs gradually
  • One or both ears may be affected
  • Tinnitus and/or dizziness may also be present
A

Otosclerosis

42
Q

Can you identify otosclerosis with an otoscope?

A

No, it is to far from the tympanic membrane to see

43
Q

*Injury to the ear from changes in barometric pressure or water pressure
* Most common cause is blockage or partial blockage of eustachian tube
*If severe, can cause bleeding and/or rupture of the tympanic membrane

A

Barotrauma

EENT (2 decks)

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