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Dermatology (SA) > Ear disease > Flashcards

Ear disease Flashcards

1
Q

Pruritis of pinnal margins suggest what ectoparasites?

A

Scabies

Neotrombicula autumnalis

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2
Q

‘Dry coffee ground’ ear discharge suggests what ear infection?

A

Otodectes

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3
Q

Moist brown ear discharge suggests what pathogens?

A

Staph or Malassezia

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4
Q

Purulent yellow or green ear discharge suggests what pathogen?

A

Pseudomonas

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5
Q

Ceruminous ear discharge can suggest what underlying conditions?

A

Allergy
Hypothyroid
Keratinisation defect
(Bacteriodes spp)

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6
Q

When should watery or oily ear cleaners be used? How often should ears be cleaned with ear infections?

A

Water - in presence of pus
Oil - in presence of wax
2X weekly

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7
Q

What should you not flush the ears with in cats?

A

Chlorhexidine

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8
Q

Name a drying agent used to flush the ear

A

Boric acid

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9
Q

How can you check if an ear drum is perforated or not?

A

Flushing back and forth with saline

Bubble = perforation

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10
Q

What is the medical treatment for an aural haematoma?

A

Needle drainage + methylprednisolone

May lead to abscess

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11
Q

What is the surgical treatment for an acute or chronic aural haematoma? When should this be performed?

A

Acute - stab incision, lavage, drain placement (immediate in dogs, wait 5-6 days in cats)
Chronic - surgical drainage and suturing

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12
Q

What ceruminous gland neoplasia is a predisposing factor or primary cause for otitis externa?

A

Cystadenomatosis

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13
Q

What breed is ear margin seborrhea seen commonly in? What condition is it thought to be linked to?

A

Dachshund

Hypothyroidism

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14
Q

What is the treatment for ear margin seborrhea?

A

Emollient rinses
Vaseline
Propylene glycol
Surgery

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15
Q

What is the most common foreign body of the ear?

A

Grass seed

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16
Q

Does otitis externa prefer high or low temperature, humidity or pH?

A

High temperature
High humidity
High pH

17
Q

Hypersensitivity OE or chronic allergic otitis externa is a complication of CAD and food allergies. What 2 pathogens are usually involved with secondary infections?

A

Staph pseudointermedius
Malassezia
(treat underlying cause as well as infection)

18
Q

What is PSPP in relation to otitis externa?

A

Primary disease - CAD, otodectes, FB
Secondary - Malassezia, Staph, Pseudomonas
Predisposing - conformation, trauma
Perpetuating - hyperplasia, stenosis, scarring

19
Q

Otitis interna is rare. What clinical signs may be seen?

A

Head tilt, asymmetrical ataxia and falling, rotatory nystagmus
Vomiting
Anorexia

20
Q

How is otitis interna diagnosed and treated?

A

Neuro exam - rule out other cause
Ear exam, MRI/CT
Treatment antibiotics +/- myringotomy (hole in ear drum to allow drainage)

21
Q

What breeds are predisposed to primary secretory otitis media?

A

CKCS

Brachycephalics

22
Q

What is primary secretory otitis media? How is it diagnosed?

A

Marked mucoid build up in middle ear
Causing deafness or pain
Middle ear bulging on otoscopy

23
Q

How is primary secretory otitis treated?

A

Repeated flushing and myringotomy
Dembrexine (mucolytic)
Steroids- reduce mucus production

24
Q

How is septic otitis media treated?

A

Myringotomy (if TM intact) and 4-6 weeks ABs

If fails - TECA/LBO

25
Q

What is the treatment for Otodectes cyanotis?

A

Selamectin
Moxidectin
(+/- cleaner and steroids for secondary disease)

26
Q

What are polyps?

A

Inflammatory, non-neoplastic proliferation of bulla epithelium

27
Q

What is polyp formation linked to?

A

URT viral infections

28
Q

Polyps can be in the nasopharynx, causing dysphagia stertor and nasal discharge. How do polyps in the ear cause neuro signs?

A

Put pressure on bulla

Cause peripheral vestibular disease/Horner’s

29
Q

What are the treatment options for polyps?

A

Remove by traction and oral prednisolone (better for oropharynx)
Surgery - TECA/LBO in dogs, ventral bulla osteotomy in cats

30
Q

How do cats and dogs differ in terms of the ear bullae?

A

Dogs have 1 compartment - LBO

Cats have 2 - VBO

31
Q

What can cause stenosis?

A

Trauma
Untreated ear disease
Mucinosis
Conformation e.g. Shar-Pei

32
Q

How is ear stenosis treated?

A

Steroids

33
Q

What is a lateral wall resection (LWR) procedure for?

A

Improving ventilation
Easier administration of topical medicines
Removal of small tumours

34
Q

What is the purpose of a TECA and LBA?

A

Welfare purposes for chronically painful ears or other failed treatments
Often cost effective

35
Q

Ventral bulla osteotomies are in cats only as dogs only have the lateral compartment. What are 2 complications when performing a VBO?

A

Haemorrhage from lingual artery

Damage to hypoglossal nerve

36
Q

When may a vertical canal ablation be performed (as opposed to TECA)?

A

Severe disease of vertical canal, but horizontal canal unaffected
E.g. trauma, neoplasia, hyperplastic otitis

Dermatology (SA) (11 decks)

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