Ear I

Question 1

The ear is made from these three areas:

Answer 1

Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear

Question 2

What divides the outer from the middle ear?

Answer 2

The tympanic membrane

Question 3

What divides the middle from the inner ear?

Answer 3

The round and oval windows

Question 4

Which sections of the ear are air-filled?

Answer 4

Outer and middle

Question 5

Which section of the ear is fluid-filled?

Answer 5

The inner ear

Question 6

The outer and middle ear deal with the transmission of ______.

Answer 6

Sound

Question 7

The inner ear changes vibrations into ____ input.

Answer 7

Nerve

Question 8

The external ear is called the ______ (or ______)

Answer 8

Auricle

Pinna

Question 9

The auricle is a _____-shaped projection of elastic cartilage covered with skin

Answer 9

Shell

Question 10

The auricle surround the ________ _______ _______.

Answer 10

External auditory meatus

Question 11

The external ear is flared like a trumpet to capture sound waves and pass them _______.

Answer 11

Inwards

Question 12

The external ear is composed of:

Answer 12

holix, tragus, antitragus, and lobule

Question 13

Physically describe the external auditory canal

Answer 13

A slightly s-shaped tube that lies in the temporal bone, about 3 cm long

Question 14

What kind of glands are in the external auditory canal? What do they produce?

Answer 14

Contains ceruminous glands that produce cerumen (ear wax)

Question 15

What is cerumen? What does it do?

Answer 15

Cerumen is a modified sebum that slows the growth of microbes

Question 16

How big is the tympanic membrane?

Answer 16

About 1 cm in diameter

Question 17

How is the tympanic membrane innervated? Is it sensitive to pain?

Answer 17

vagus (X) and trigeminal (V) nerves

Yes, very

Question 18

How is the tympanic membrane shaped?

Answer 18

Shaped like a flattened cone, with its apex protruding medially into the middle ear

Question 19

What is the middle ear called?

Answer 19

The tympanic cavity

Question 20

Physically describe the tympanic cavity

Answer 20

A small, oval, air-filled cavity in the temporal bone, has a mucus membrane

Question 21

What ends at the mastoid air cells?

Answer 21

The antrum

Question 22

What covers the oval and round windows?

Answer 22

Membranes

Question 23

What connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx?

Answer 23

The eustachian tube

Question 24

The eustachian tube is also called?

Answer 24

The internal auditory tube

Question 25

What does the eustachian tube do?

Answer 25

Allows for equalization of the ear

Question 26

The eustachian tube is normally...... except when ......

Answer 26

It is normally flattened and closed except while swallowing and yawning

Question 27

What is an infection of the eustachian tube called?

Answer 27

Otitis media

Question 28

What does otitis media look like?

Answer 28

The eardrum will redden and bulge

Question 29

Why are children predisposed to ear infections?

Answer 29

In children, the eustachian tube is shorter, so they are more likely to get ear infections

Question 30

Name the three auditory ossicles

Answer 30

Malleus-hammer Incus- anvil Stapes- stirrup

Question 31

What is the malleus?

Answer 31

The handle of this bone attaches to the tympanic membrane | It articulates with the incus

Question 32

What is the incus?

Answer 32

Provides the connection from malleus to the stapes | Connects to the head of the stapes

Question 33

What is the stapes?

Answer 33

Its footplate attaches to the oval window (to inner ear) | The footplate at the base of the stapes covers the oval window

Question 34

What do the three auditory ossicles due?

Answer 34

Physically transmit and amplify sound to the inner ear. The footplate of the stapes is much smaller than the tympanic membrane. Because of this size difference, the mechanical force of vibration is amplified about 20 fold as it passes from the tympanic membrane through the ossicles to the oval window.

Question 35

What are the two muscles in the middle ear?

Answer 35

Tensor tympani | Stapedius

Question 36

What does the tensor tympani muscle do?

Answer 36

Draws the tympanic membrane medially, and thus puts more tension upon it. This dampens the movement of the tympanic membrane.

Question 37

What does the strapedius muscle do?

Answer 37

The smallest skeletal muscle in the body It attaches to the neck of the stapes and pulls it posteriorly It dampens vibrations on the large oval window

Question 38

What is the tympanic reflex?

Answer 38

Muffles the transfer of vibration from the tympanic membrane to the oval window, using the tensor tympani and the stapedius muscles

Question 39

What two structures compose the inner ear?

Answer 39

Bony labyrinth | Membranous labyrinth

Question 40

“A ______ labyrinth encloses a ______ labyrinth”

Answer 40

Bony | Membranous

Question 41

What is the bony labyrinth?

Answer 41

Tiny canals and spaces within the temporal bone

Question 42

What lines the bony labyrinth?

Answer 42

Periosteum

Question 43

What fluid is found in the bony labyrinth? What is it like?

Answer 43

Perilymph, a fluid somewhat like CSF in composition

Question 44

What is the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 44

A series of sacs and tubes lying within bony labyrinth

Question 45

What does the membranous labyrinth float in?

Answer 45

Perilymph

Question 46

What fluid is contained within the membranous labyrinth? What is it like?

Answer 46

Endolymph, somewhat like intercellular fluid

Question 47

Perilymph is like...... | Endolymph is like.....

Answer 47

CSF | Intercellular fluid

Question 48

What are the three areas of the membranous labyrinth?

Answer 48

1- The three semicircular canals 2- The saccule and the utricle (found in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth) 3- The cochlea