Ear pathology

Question 1

What is the clinical name for ear pain?

Answer 1

otlagia

Question 2

What are the 2 types of hearing loss?

Answer 2

conductive

sensorineural

Question 3

Which type of hearing loss is more likely to be genetic?

Answer 3

sensorineural

Question 4

What frequency are the tuning forks for the test?

Answer 4

512 hz

Question 5

What investigation is carried out for vertigo?

Answer 5

Dix-Hallpike test

Question 6

What is the difference between Rinnes and Webers test?

Answer 6

Rinnes - tests conduction (fork over mastoid process)

Webers - localises problem (fork on forehead)

Question 7

Is a positive or negative Rinnes test normal?

Answer 7

positive

Question 8

In an audiogram, what is normal?

Answer 8

anything over 20db

Question 9

What is conductive hearing loss?

Answer 9

air conduction is impaired

Question 10

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 10

air and bone conduction are impaired

Question 11

What is the Dix-Hallpike manouvre?

Answer 11

patient sits upright and turns head 45 degrees

if positive - will see nystagmus

Question 12

What is a pinna haematoma?

Answer 12

collection of blood in ear after trauma

Question 13

What can a pinna haematoma lead to?

Answer 13

avascular necrosis

leads to cauliflower ear

Question 14

Tx for pinna haematoma…

Answer 14

incision and drainage

Question 15

What is cerumen impaction and what can it lead to?

Answer 15

build up of ear wax

can lead to conductive hearing loss

Question 16

Tx for cerumen impaction?

Answer 16

ear drops for 3-5 days
or
ear irrigation

Question 17

What is an infection of the external ear called?

Answer 17

otitis externa

Question 18

What are the 2 most common bacterial causes of otitis externa?

Answer 18

staph aureus

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 19

Tx for otitis externa…

Answer 19

topical ABs and a topical steroid

Question 20

What is malignant otitis externa?

Answer 20

spread of infection. Can occur if immunocompromised.

Can lead to facial nerve dysfunction

Question 21

Tx for malignant otitis oxterna…

Answer 21

Urgent ENT referral

IV antibiotics

Question 22

What is acute otitis media?

Answer 22

infection of middle ear space

Question 23

What is chronic otitis media?

Answer 23

otitis media that has lasted >6 weeks with a perforated tympanic membrane

Question 24

Who is otitis media most common in and why?

Answer 24

chhildren

shorter eustachian tube so easier for infection to spread

Question 25

What organisms cause acute otitis media?

Answer 25

Haemophillus | Strep pneumoniae

Question 26

Triad of Sx for acute otitis media...

Answer 26

Otalgia Conductive hearing loss Fever

Question 27

What is ear discharge a sign of in acute otitis media?

Answer 27

perforated tympanic membrame

Question 28

Tx for acute otitis media...

Answer 28

1 - analgesia (Self-limiting) | 2 - amoxicillin

Question 29

What is OME and who is it most common in?

Answer 29

Otitis media with effusion (sterile fluid in middle ear) | peak age - 2

Question 30

Presentation for OME...

Answer 30

conductive hearing loss speech and language delay behavioural problems

Question 31

Tx for OME...

Answer 31

observe for 3 months | no improvement - myringotomy + grommets

Question 32

What are the complications of mastoiditis?

Answer 32

meningitis, brain abscess

Question 33

Tx for mastoiditis...

Answer 33

IV antibiotics

Question 34

What is a cholesteatoma?

Answer 34

build up of squamous epithelium (Skin)

Question 35

What is a risk factor for a cholesteatoma?

Answer 35

cleft palate

Question 36

Presentation of cholesteatoma...

Answer 36

foul smelling non resolving discharge hearing loss sign - attic crust

Question 37

Tx for cholesteatoma...

Answer 37

surgery

Question 38

What is prebycusis and what is the Tx?

Answer 38

Age associated sensorineural hearing loss | hearing aids

Question 39

What is otosclerosis?

Answer 39

replacement of cortical bone by vascular bone | causes conductive deafness in young pt

Question 40

Tx for otosclerosis?

Answer 40

hearing aids/stapedectomy

Question 41

Dx if vertigo symptoms last seconds?

Answer 41

BBPV

Question 42

Dx if vertigo symptoms last minutes-hours?

Answer 42

Menieres disease

Question 43

Dx if vertigo symptoms last hours-days?

Answer 43

labyrnthitis/vestibular neuronitis

Question 44

Dx if vertigo symptoms are chronic?

Answer 44

acoustic neuroma

Question 45

symptoms of BBPV?

Answer 45

N & V vertigo seconds-minutes no tinnitus/hearing loss

Question 46

Ix for BBPV...

Answer 46

Dix-Hallpike

Question 47

Tx for BBPV...

Answer 47

Epley manouvre

Question 48

What causes menieres disease?

Answer 48

excessive pressure in endolymphatic system

Question 49

Sx of menieres disease..

Answer 49

tinnitus HEARING LOSS aural fullness

Question 50

Ix and findings for menieres disease...

Answer 50

audiogram | low frequency sensorineural hearing loss

Question 51

Tx for menieres disease...

Answer 51

Stop driving until controlled low salt diet attacks - prochloperazine

Question 52

What is labyrinthitis?

Answer 52

inflammation of membranous lymph

Question 53

Sx of labyrinthitis...

Answer 53

``` Vertigo - hours-days N&V tinnitus hearing loss horizontal nystagmus gait disturbance ```

Question 54

Tx for labyrinthitis...

Answer 54

self-limiting

Question 55

What is vestibular neuritis?

Answer 55

inflammation of vestibular nerve | can develop after viral infection

Question 56

Sx of vestibular neuritis...

Answer 56

vertigo | N&V

Question 57

Tx for vestibular neuritis...

Answer 57

vestobular rehabilitation | prochloperazine

Question 58

What is vestibular schwannoma?

Answer 58

benign tumour of vestibular and cochlear nerves

Question 59

What are bilateral vestibular schwannomas associated wtih?

Answer 59

NF 2

Question 60

Sx of vestibular schwannoma...

Answer 60

vertigo unilateral hearing loss unilateral tinnitus (facial palsy, absent corneal reflex)

Question 61

Ix and Tx for vestibular schwannoma?

Answer 61

MRI | Surgery