Early Childhood Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is Selmans perspective on friendship between 3-6
A momentary physical interaction
What is Selmans perspective on friendship between 5-9
A one way assistance, so still quite ego-centric
What is Selmans perspective on friendship between 7-12
Fair weather cooperation, so starting to bring in reciprocation. There’s a back and forth but self interest is still the main focus
What is Selmans perspective on friendship between 10-15
The concept of an intimate and mutual sharing or strong concept of a relationship
What is the Damon and Berndt perspective on friendship for children between 4-7?
The concept of the handy playmate where proximity drives and best friends change given availability/exposure
What is the Damon and Berndt perspective on friendship for children between 8-10?
Mutual trust and assistance. The beginning of sharing given a mutual trust and assistance is prioritised
What is the Damon and Berndt perspective on friendship for children between 10-15?
Priority of intimacy and loyalty. A shift from discolosure to parents to friends
What is the take away point about friendship in childhood?
It is a shifting changing thing which moves from ego-centrism to formation of a relationship
What are some social tasks leading to social competence?
Entering a group Managing conflict Listening Negotiating Rules Sharing resources/belongings Maintaining Interaction Eliciting Disclosure Self Disclosure Asking for help Apologising Forgiving Resisting Distraction by others Complimenting Coping with frustrating situations Expressing Affection Sticking up for a friend
How is social competence measured?
Through Sociometric tests
What do sociometrics do?
Children indicate they would or would not choose to play with to form a network
What are the benefits of social competence? (Dunsmore and Karn)
Children with more stable friendships show increased emotional knowledge by the end of the first semester of kindergarten.
What are the benefits of social competence? (Ladd et al)
Children who have had more conflicts have shown a decreased liking for school and engagement
What are the benefits of social competence? (Howes & Phillipsen)
Childrens social play during toddler years predicted increased prosocial behaviour and decreased social withdrawal AND decreased social withdrawal and aggression at age 9
What is the snowball effect?
initial social interaction effects can grow larger and perpetuate. Feelings of rejection build to becoming further ostracized for example
What is play? (Hoffnung)
Activities of a non-serious nature, which are highly individual, are engaged in for pleasure and which may not be associated with reality
What can play provide?
Allowance for exploration Problem solving Stimulation of development Strengthening of self concept Teaching of cultural life forms, values, ideas
What is unoccupied play?
Watching whatever is of interest without becoming engaged or occupied in a specific type of play
What is solitary play?
The child plays alone with different toys or other objects with no real interest or involvement with other children, even if in close proximity
What is onlooker play?
The child watches others play but not engaging. may engage in social interaction but does not engage in play
What is parallel play?
Children playing their own thing next to one another, with an awareness of one another
What is associative play?
Children engaging in a common activity and talk about it with each other, but do not assign tasks or roles to particular individuals and are not very clear about their goals
What is co-operative play?
Children consciously form into groups to make something, attain a goal or dramatise a situation; one or two members organise and direct the activity, with children assuming different roles and responsibilities
What are Grusec and Lytton’s Typology of play?
Functional play - simple and largely reflexes
Constructive play - Building blocks etc
Pretend play - use of imagination
Games with rules - formation of structure
