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Early Elizabethean England Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was part of the government?

A

The queen
The court
Justice of peace
Parliament
The privy council
The lord lieutenants

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2
Q

Who were the privy council?

A

Members of nobility who helped govern the country
19 councillors who advised queen
Worked with parliament

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3
Q

Who were the court?

A

Noble men who advised the monarch

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4
Q

Who was the Lord lieutenant?

A

Noblemen appointed by government
Raised local militia

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5
Q

How many people lived in the countryside?

A

90%

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6
Q

What problems did elizabeth face?

A

Legitimacy
Religious conflict
Unmarried
Support of government
Money

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7
Q

When did Elizabeth come to the throne?

A

1558

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8
Q

Characteristics of Elizabeth?

A

Well educated
Polyglot
Charismatic
Indecisive
Protestant

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9
Q

What were challenges Elizabeth faced at home? Why?

A

Financial debt of 300k
Currency devalued
Mary I sold crown land to pay for war so no money if france were to go to war

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10
Q

What were challenges Elizabeth faced aboard? Why?

A

The french threat
Mary queen of scots was also legitimate for the throne
Calais territory was under threat
Spain and france could unit against England

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11
Q

How did Elizabeth solve financial threat?

A

Sold crown lands
Cut expenses so didn’t raise taxes

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12
Q

How did Elizabeth deal with french threat aboard

A

Signed peace of troyes 1564
Took custody of mary Queen of Scots in England

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13
Q

What was the peace of troyes Treaty 1564

A

French had all claim to calais

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14
Q

Three features of Catholicism?

A

Pope head of the church
Wore crufixes
Churches and priest vestments were heavily decorated
The majority in the north and west of England
Services are in latin

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15
Q

Three features of protestantism?

A

There’s no pope, only archbishops and bishops
Churches were plainly decorated
Protestants were majority southeast England
Own individual relationship with god
Service in english

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16
Q

Three features of puritanism?

A

A strict form of protestantism
No pope or bishops
Churchs are whitewashed with no decorations

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17
Q

What was the act of uniformity?

A

Everyone must attend church or fined 1 shilling
Book of common prayer
Clergy wore special vestments

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18
Q

What was the act of supremacy?

A

All clergy and royal officials must swear an oath of allegiance to Elizabeth
Elizabeth was the head of the church

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19
Q

What were the royal injunctions?

A

Set of instructions detailing the enforcement of 2 acts.
Banning fake miracles (pilgrimages)
Allowing crosses, candles, and vestments in service
Can’t preach without license

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20
Q

What role did the church play?

A

Bishops carried visits of churches
Enforcement religious settlement 1559
Church courts
Parish church helped people in need

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21
Q

What was the crucifix controversy?

A

Puritans opposed crucifixes displayed in chirch service, so they threatened to resign
So Elizabeth removed crucifixes in church service

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22
Q

What was the vestments’ controversy?

A

The Royal injunctions meant clergy should wear special vestments.
This resulted in 37 priests resigning

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23
Q

Who were justice of the peace?

A

Law enforcement that would go out and maintain laws

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24
Q

What was patronage?

A

Granting titles, lands, money and jobs by queen

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25
2 reasons why elizabeth was illegitimate to the throne?
Anne boleyn executed, 1536 liz declared illegitimate Henry VIII marriage declared illegal
26
Why was it good for elizabeth to get married?
Have a child ensuring stability Husband fulfils the role of military leader
27
Why was it bad for elizabeth to get married?
Husband will be figure of authority Could only marry foreign prince who could favour own country over England
28
Traits of elizabeth?
Polygot Intelligent Indecisive Vain Bad temper Confident Charismatic
29
Scotland threat?
Alliance with france Queen mary claimed legitimacy to English throne
30
France threat?
Wealthier Larger population Alliance with Scotland through queen mary
31
Spain threat?
Different religion so could ally with france
32
What was the reformation?
1517 Catholic church seen as corrupt and greedy so creation of protestantism
33
Church of England?
1532 Caused religious division, persecution Henry VIII
34
What was the religious settlement of 1559
To unify country under one religion, protestantism
35
Who enforced the royal injunctions?
Eccteastial high commission
36
Changes made to the church by elizabeth?
27 new bishops 8k of 10k clergy reverted to protestantism Prayer books Middle way
37
What was the role of the church?
Enforce the religious settlement Ran church courts Regular visits of churches (till 1559) Monitored professions such as midwives and surgeons Gave community guidelines Controlled preaching
38
Who were recusants?
Catholics unwilling to attend church service
39
What was the counter reformation?
The papacy ordered Catholics not to attend church of England services
40
Netherlands 1563?
Philip II banned English cloth imports as merchants were trying to spread protestantism So elizabeth retailed by producing a trade embargo that lasted a yr.
41
Threat of mary of scots? 1559-1569
1559-60 Scottish lords rebelled as did not like french Catholic influence by mary of guise. This ended in treaty of Edinburgh proposed she give up claim for English throne 1561 mary returns to Scotland as husband died 1565 mary marries lord darnley And have son in 1566 1567 lord darnley id murdered causing Scottish rebellion again This forces mary to abdicate and flee to england
42
Why did mary of scots flee to england in 1568?
After escaping imprisonment, she tries to raise an army against the protest Scottish lords but fails
43
Reasons why Northern earls were mad at elizabeth?
Lost power to lower status individuals Devoted to Catholicism Uncertainty of heir
44
Revolt of northern earls 1569?
Duke of norfolk to marry mary 9 nov start of rebellion 14 nov Northumberland and westmorland seize durham cathedral 22 nov all north of England is controlled by rebels 30 nov hoping to recieve spanish aid rebels capture hartlepool 16 dec 14k men march for elizabeth forcing 5400 rebels to flee north 19 dec rebellion is defeated and earls flee to Scotland
45
Consequences of Northern revolt?
Treason laws became harsher Ended influence of northern earls Harsher treatment of Catholics Elizabeth was excommunicated by the pope (papal bull) and ordered her overthrown 1570
46
The riodolfi Plot 1571 Aims?
Riodolfi was sending messages from mary to Duke of alba and philp II to organise an invasion of England to restore Catholicism under mary
47
The riodolfi Plot 1571 events?
Riodolfi found with letters signed by norfolk that talked about invasion and revolt So norfolk found guilty of treason while riodolfi fled
48
The riodolfi Plot 1571 consequences?
Reinforced threat of spain Elizabeth focused on improving relations with france Confirmed suspicion of Catholics
49
The Throckmorton plot 1583 aims?
Throckmorton was a messager of plotters and mary and wanted to restore Catholicism under mary Planned to organise a French Catholic force that would invade england through french duke of guise
50
The Throckmorton Plot 1583 events?
Philip II helped pay for the plot while the pope approved T was put under surveillance and found guilty with plans/papers by walsingham spies. So he was tortured to confession then executed in 1584. Mary was isolated in castle and no longer allowed visitors
51
The Throckmorton Plot 1583 consequences?
Emphasised threat of Catholics Threat of united france and spain 11k Catholics imprisoned 1585 if found sheltering Catholic priest could be punished by death
52
The Babington Plot 1586 aims?
Encourage English Catholics to rebel with 60k men from Duke of Guise. Then assassinate elizabeth and throne mary.
53
The Babington Plot 1586 events?
Babington sent letters to mary in code detailing plot. Intercepted by SFW All 6 Catholics hangedbin oct Mary tried by the privy council and found guilty executed in 1587
54
The Babington Plot 1586 consequences?
Relationship between England and spain worsened 31 priests executed
55
Attitudes to education?
Valuable as no national schooling system Reflected social hierarchy Focused on practical skills/literacy
56
Influence on schooling?
Humanists who believed in the significance of schooling (theoretical + practical) More people encouraged to become literature due to protestantism
57
Schooling for nobility?
Foreign languages Philosophy Government Tutored at home till 7 Sports such as horseriding Men did fencing and swimming Women did needlework music
58
Grammar schools?
Private school Boys from well-off family 10 hours Frnech Latin Archery
59
Discipline and punishment in school?
2 boys would monitor inside and outside school grounds and report misbehaviour Misbehaviour was punishable by exclusion or no break time
60
Petty school?
Teachers home Before attending grammar school
61
Sources of education?
Grammar school Petty school Alternative curriculum Apprenticeships Dam schools
62
What was a dam school?
School for girls where would learn how to preserve food, sew and treat simple injures Taught by elder women
63
Impacts of education?
30% of men literate 10% of women literate Major problem was costs Improvements in boys' schooling
64
What types of leisure did the poor participate in?
Football Cock-fighting Wrestling Gambling
65
What leisure did the wealthy participate in?
Music and dancing Theatre Literature Baiting Hunting Fencing Tennis
66
What is a pastime?
Source of entertainment
67
Three examples of SFW spy network?
Intercepting coded letters - used cyphers and planted informants in suspects' homes to retrieve letters. Hired skillfully code breakers Employing network of spy agents - agents used town code names. Spies were deployed to get info as events arised Interrogation and torture - executions used as deterrence
68
What were privateers?
Legal pirates that attacked other nations to steal wealth and give percentage back to monarch
69
Significance of mary of scots execution?
Removed important threat Phillip II is planning to invade england as given claim to throne from mary
70
Consequences in population growth?
Grew faster than food production so prices increase Food prices rose after bad harvest Fall in wages Rise in rents
71
Changes to the countryside?
Increase in sheep farming Enclosure
72
Causes and consequences of sheep farming
Increase price of wool Land used for sheep farming Land used for crops now used for sheep farming Unemployment grew as didn't require labour Crop grown was fed to sheep instead
73
Causes and consequences of enclosure?
Selective breeding used for sheep so increase in sheep farming New farming techniques such as better use of fertiliser Led to lower costs and high profits for landowners Less land for rural farmers to grow crops
74
What was enclosure?
Land that used to be open field fenced off for sheep farming
75
Why did poverty increase?
Population growth Changes in countryside
76
Sir franis drake?
English merchant Privateer 1572 stole 40k worth of Spanish silver
77
Why was SFD significant?
Symbol of English resistance Shows elizabeth defiance to spain through his actions His success funded weaponary for war Encouraged people ot colonize America through noval albion England known as great sea-faring nation
78
What were the new technologies?
Navigation - astrolabe to help sailors Maps - mercator map 1569, printing so more widespread Ship designs - more improved, so faster and more manoeuvrable galleons were larger ships, so more cargo
79
Voyages of discovery?
Expanding trade - new world after cut ties with N The triangular trade - trans Atlantic slave trade Adventure - second sons with no inheritance finding 'wealth'

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