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Embryology > Early Embrology > Flashcards

Early Embrology Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Pre embryonic period

A

First 2 weeks of life

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2
Q

Morphogenesis

A

Development of form and structure

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3
Q

Differentiation

A

Cells specalise to carry out a function

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4
Q

Gestation period

A

38 weeks

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5
Q

Cleavage

A

When cells divide without growing in size

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6
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilised oocyte/ovum

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7
Q

Ovaries

A

Make / store eggs/oocytes and produce hormones that control pregnancy

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8
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Connect ovaries to uterus

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9
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Glycoprotein coat that surrounds the oocyte/egg

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10
Q

Morula

A

When there’s 8 cells within the zona pellucida

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11
Q

Cells in morula are totipotent

A

Have the capacity to become any type

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12
Q

At what stage is the zygote allowed to reach before it is implanted in IVF?

A

Zygote allowed to reach morula stage and is then implanted into mother, the cells are still totipobent

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13
Q

Zygote travels through fallopian tube to junction with uterus in the first

A

4 days

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14
Q

Emryoblasts Clump and differentiation happens (week l)

A

Trophoblasts on the outside and embryoblasts in middle

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15
Q

Compaction (Week 1)

A

Embryoblasts clump together leaving a cavity called the blastocoel

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16
Q

Trophoblasts line outside of blastocyst

A

They are gonna be needed for support

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17
Q

Potency after compaction

A

Now pluripotent

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18
Q

After compaction Zonapellucida breaks down

A

Means Blastocyst can interact with the uterine tissue

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19
Q

When does Implantation begin?

A

Week 1

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20
Q

What 2 things happen together after implantation?

A

Placenta and embryo form, in early stages placenta = priority

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21
Q

Why is Week 2 is the week of 2’s?

A

2 cell layers emerge:
Outer Cell Mass:
Syncytitotrophoblast (Multinucleated sheett of trophoblasts good for support and transport)
Cytotrophoblasts

Inner Cell Mass:
-Epiblast
-Hypoblast

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22
Q

What does the Bilaminar Disc consist of?

A

Epiblast
Hypoblast

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23
Q

What is the Amniotic cavity?

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A

Cavity that forms between cytotrophoblasts and epiblasts

24
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

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A

When Implantation of the blastocyst occurs elsewhere other than the normal locations

25
Placenta Previa
When implantation happens in the lower uterine segment. So placenta grows low down and can block cervix
26
Embryonic Period
Weeks 3 -8 Where all major structures and systems are formed
27
Ectoderm Derivatives
Epidermis (Skin) CNS
28
Mesoderm Derivatives
CVS (Cardiovascular System) MSK (Muscular Skeletal)
29
Fetal period
Week 9-38
30
When is the: Pre embryonic period Embryonic period Fetal period
Fertilisation-week2 Week 3-week 8 Week 9-week 38
31
Endoderm derivatives
Lining of the gastrointestinal system (gi), lining of respiratory system, parenchyma cells (functional cells) of glands
32
Pre embryonic period steps
Blastulation Zone pellucida breaks down (implantation can now begin) Cell differentiation of trophoblasts and embryoblasts Amniotic cavity forms, gap between trophoblasts and epiblasts
33
Blastulation (formation of the blastocyst) starts when cleavage stops
Zygote travels though fallopian tubes, cleavage of internal cells( blastomeres) once 32 blastomeres reached it's called a morula. Blastomere's differentiate outer layer = Trophoblasts. Inner cell mass = embryoblasts, compaction, embryoblasts compact leaving a cavity could a blastocoel, structure is now called a blastocyst blastulation has happened.
34
Gastrulation (starts when primitive streak forms)
The formation of the trilaminar disc / the 3 germ layers
35
Embryoblasts differentiate
Forms bilaminar disc Epiblasts at top layer Hypoblasts bottom layer
36
Bilaminar disc =
Epiblasts Hypoblasts
37
Trophoblasts differentiate
Very top of blastocyst syncytiotrophoblasts The rest are cytotrophoblasts
38
Syncytiotrophoblasts role
Adhere to and invade endometrium cells, enable utero-placental circulation allows blastocyst to get nutrients from mother
39
Cytotrophoblasts
Help form connection with mother
40
Hypoblast function
Forms/lines the primary yolk sac
41
How does the Secondary yolk sac form?
Pinches off of primary yolk sac
42
Embryonic period
All major structures and systems are formed weeks 3-8
43
Primitive streak
When epiblast cells migrate to centre and invaginate/dive downwards displacing the hypoblasts creating a further 2 layers The 3 germ layers called trilaminar disc
44
How does the notochord form in the mesoderm?
Epiblast cells dive down from the primitive node into the mesoderm Notochord drives neuralation. Found under where primitive streak formed
45
Notochord
Sends signals to ectoderm causing differentiation to neuroectodermn forming neural plate/groove
46
Neural plate curls inwards and out of plane forming neural tube
Neural crest cells break off from ectoderm (will later differentiate oo form the peripheral nervous system
47
Neural tube role
Will form the Central nervous system Sends signals to the mesoderm causing it to differentiate
48
What does the Mesoderm differentiate into? Remember PISS
Paraxial mesoderm (forms somites) Intermediate mesoderm (forms kidneys) Somatic mesoderm (dicephragm and limb muscles) Splachnic mesoderm ( muscles of heart and other internal organs) Intra embryonic coelom (spaces in body)
49
What are somites? What are the 3 somite derivatives?
Somites are segmented paraxial mesoderm Dermatome Myotome Scleratome
50
Dermatone
Gives rise to skin
51
Myotome
Gives rise to area of skeletal muscle
52
Sclerotone
Gives rise to a vertebra and rib (bones)
53
How many somites?
31
54
What is situs inversus?
Complete mirror image of organ locations in chest and abdomen are a mirror image of what the normal human anatomy should be
55
How does situs inversus usually occur?
As a result of immobile cilia at the primitive node

Embryology (1 decks)

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