Early Humans

Question 1

What are the three main theories about the origins of humans?

Answer 1

Evolutionism, Creationism, Interventionism

Question 2

What is the origin of the theory of evolution?

Answer 2

Suggested as early as the sixteenth century, given prominence by the English biologist Charles Darwin.

Question 3

What are some key ideas about evolution?

Answer 3

The great variety of plant and animal life on Earth developed gradually through natural processes and natural selection. Began with the Big Bang Theory.

Question 4

Who were two main people involved with the theory of evolution?

Answer 4

Charles Darwin and John Scopes

Question 5

What are some problems with evolution? [3]

Answer 5

• “missing link” between humans and apes
• Humans exhibit other traits that wouldn’t help with survival
• Not proven

Question 6

What is the origin of creationism?

Answer 6

Virtually all religious communities have beliefs about the creation of humans and the world (Bible/Book of Genesis)

Question 7

What are some key ideas about creationism?

Answer 7

Matter and all things were created (the same as they are now) by an all-powerful Creator.

Question 8

Who are some key groups/people involved with creationism?

Answer 8

Fundamentalists (literal Genesis), and God/Writers of the Bible

Question 9

What are some problems with creationism? [4]

Answer 9

• Where was the creator before they made the universe?
• Proof of other human-like species existing before humans -Disregards science
• No observable proof

Question 10

What is the origin of interventionism?

Answer 10

Naturalist Wallace theorized a superior power intervened during the time of Home Erectus to turn it into a creature of physical and spiritual nature. Explains the rapid development of humans as some scientists say evolution is too gradual and slow to account for such a change.

Question 11

What are some key ideas about interventionism?

Answer 11

Humans evolved to the Homo Erectus stage, and then a superior race changed them into humans.

Question 12

Who are some key people involved with interventionism?

Answer 12

Albert Russel Wallace, Albert Einstein, and Jeffrey Goodman.

Question 13

What are some problems with interventionism? [4]

Answer 13

• Who created the superior power?
• Why would they choose to intervene?
• Lack of evidence toward evolution is only evidence to support this theory
• No observable proof

Question 14

What is the scientific study of the past as revealed by artifacts left by ancient people?

Answer 14

Archaeology

Question 15

What is the study of past geologic periods especially known from fossil and bone remains?

Answer 15

Paleontology

Question 16

In which two continents are most species of early man found?

Answer 16

Europe and Africa

Question 17

The Paleolithic Age may also be called what?

Answer 17

The old stone age

Question 18

What was the most significant defining characteristic of the paleolithic era?

Answer 18

The peoples relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence.

Question 19

When did the Great Leap Forward begin?

Answer 19

Around 35,000 years ago

Question 20

What was the Great Leap Forward?

Answer 20

A period when human evolution picked up considerably and our ancestors began to evolve at a much faster rate, and the time when modern anatomy began developing.

Question 21

What are some significant changes that took place during the Great Leap Forward? [8]

Answer 21

Social organization, building huts, hunting groups, burying the dead, more sophisticated hunting techniques, rudimentary language, creating clothing from animal hides, and artistic and symbolic expression.

Question 22

What traits were humans beginning to possess after the Great Leap Forward? [4]

Answer 22

Planning, presight, creativity, and abstract thinking.

Question 23

What does neolithic mean?

Answer 23

New Stone Age

Question 24

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 24

When people changed from hunter-gatherers to food producers.

Question 25

What were some effects of the Neolithic Revolution? [6]

Answer 25

- Could form larger permanent settlements - Allowed them to focus on things other than food production - Began to develop skilled trades (pottery, sewing, metal-workers, carpenters, etc.) - Marked the beginning of trade and new methods of transportation - Permanent settlements brought organised governments (chief elected to take care of and protect area) - Chiefs responsible for political and religious workings in settlement.

Question 26

Answer 26

NAME: Altamira Caves "Bison" LOCATION: Santander, Spain TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (14,000 - 12,000 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Shows proof of foresight and planning - Developing fine motor skills (fine lines in painting) - No people (putting more importance on animals), could believe if they paint bisons they'll show up. - Thought it could bring them good luck in hunting

Question 27

Answer 27

NAME: Caves of Lascaux "Chinese Horse" LOCATION: Dordogne, France TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (15,000 - 13,000 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Capable of depicting animals in different sizes and appearances. - Large herd tells us there were a lot of those kind of animals, and they were of some importance to humans - Possibly using horse as target practice, proof of foresight, sign of predestination.

Question 28

Answer 28

NAME: Venus of Willendorf LOCATION: Willendorf, Austria TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (28,000 - 23,000 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Represents womanhood/fertility - Emphasis put on childbearing attributes (wide hips, enlarged stomach and breasts) - Woman put in role of carrier of species - When did men become more important than women?

Question 29

Answer 29

NAME: Venus Figure Laussel LOCATION: Dordogne, France TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (23,000 - 20,000 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - No face? Referencing women's role in society as bearer of children and nothing else? Or fell off? - Women holding (bison?) horn, shows people beginning to make things with other things

Question 30

Answer 30

NAME: Five Warriors LOCATION: Castallan, Spain TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (7,000 - 4,000 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Begin to differentiate between facial features - Headresses/masks show different social standings - Shows leadership, organization, ritual - Tells us society's becoming organized. - Feathers could demonstrate success, seperate tribes, rank, age, etc.

Question 31

Answer 31

NAME: Jericho Skull LOCATION: Jericho, Middle East TIME PERIOD: Neolithic (7,000 - 6,000 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Beginning of the monumental sculpture in the ancient Near East and the advent of the concept of individual portraits - Starts showing specific facial features - Shows a control of the environment

Question 32

Answer 32

NAME: Catal Huyuk LOCATION: Anatolian Plateau (Turkey) TIME PERIOD: Neolithic (6,000 - 5,900 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Twelve successive building levels - Tells us a lot about people living there, what they ate, how they lived, etc.

Question 33

Answer 33

NAME: Seated Goddess LOCATION: Catal Huyuk TIME PERIOD: Neolithic (5,900 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Marking on arms could mean deity, ceremonial - Face likely would have had more detail.

Question 34

Answer 34

NAME: Stonehenge LOCATION: Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England TIME PERIOD: Neolithic (2000 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Widely thought to have been an observatory - Why and how it was built is still unknown

Question 35

Answer 35

NAME: Caves of Lascaux "Hall of the Bulls" LOCATION: Dordogne, France TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (15,000 - 13,000 BC) SIGNIFICANCE: - Large herd tells us there are, there are a lot of them, and that they were of some importance to humans - Humans capable of depicting animals in different sizes and appearances.