Early Midterm All Vocab Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Political violence
A
Violence outside of state control that is politically motivated
2
Q
Ideational
A
Having to do with ideas
3
Q
Revolution
A
Public seizure of the state to overthrow the existing government and regime
4
Q
Relative deprivation model
A
Model that predicts revolution when public expectations outpace the rate of domestic change
5
Q
Terrorism
A
Use of violence by nonstate actors against civilians to achieve a political goal
6
Q
State sponsored terrorism
A
Terrorism supported directly by a state as an instrument of foreign policy
7
Q
Guerilla war
A
Nonstate combants who largely abide by the rules of war and target the state
8
Q
Nihilism
A
All institutions and values are meaningless, the only redeeming value is violence
9
Q
Political economy
A
The study of the interaction between states and markets
10
Q
Market
A
The interaction between the forces of supply and demand that allocat resources
11
Q
Property
A
Goods or services that are owned privately or publicly by an individual or group
12
Q
Public goods
A
Goods, provided or secured by the state, available to society and which no private person or organization can own
13
Q
Gross Domestic Product
A
Total market value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year
14
Q
Central bank
A
State institution that controls how much money is in the economy and how much it costs to borrow money in the economy
15
Q
Inflation
A
Outstripping of supply and demand causing an increase in the general price level
16
Q
Hyperinflation
A
Inflation of more than 50% a month for more than two months in a row
17
Q
Deflation
A
Falling prices and values for goods, services, investments, and wages
18
Q
Regulation
A
Rule or order that sets boundaries of a given procedure
19
Q
Monopoly
A
Single producer that is able to dominate the market for a good or service without effective competition
20
Q
Tariff
A
Tax on imported goods
21
Q
Quota
A
Nontariff barrier that limits the quantity of a good that may be imported into a country
22
Q
Comparative advantage
A
Ability of one country to produce a good a more efficiently than another countr
23
Q
Political-economic systems
A
Relationship between political and economic institutions in a particular country
24
Q
Laissez-Faire
A
The economy should be allowed to do what it wishes
25
Capitalism
System of production based on private property and free markets
26
Mercantilism
Political economic system in which national economic power is paramount and the domestic economy is an instrument that exists to serve the needs of the state
27
Parastatal
Industry partially owned by the state
28
Purchasing Power Parity
Estimate the buying power of income across different countries using prices in the US as a benchmark
29
Gini index
Amount of inequality in a society
30
Human Development Index
Overall wealth, health, and knowledge of a countries people
31
Economic liberalization
Changes consistant with liberalism that aim to limit the power of the state and increase the power of the market and private property
32
Democracy
Political system where political power is exercised directly or indirectly by the people
33
Liberal democracy
Political system that promotes participation, competition and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights
34
Republicanism
Indirect democracy with separation of powers within a state and the representation of the public through elected officials
35
Separation of powers
Clear division of power among different branches of government and the provision that specific branches may check the power of other branches
36
Civil society
Organizations of the state thaat help people define and advance their own interests
37
Executive
Carries out laws and policies of a state
38
Head of state
Executive role that symbolizes and represents people
39
Head of government
Executive role that deals with everyday tasks of running the state
40
Legislature
Charged with making laws
41
Bicameral system
Legislature comprises two houses
42
Unicameral system
Legislature comprises one house
43
Rule of law
All individuals and groups are subject to the law, irrespective of their power or authority
44
Constitutional court
Highest judicial body that decides whether laws and policies violate the constitution
45
Judicial review
Courts can review the actions of government and overturn those that violate the constitution
46
Concrete review
Judicial review that allows the constitutioinal court to rule on the basis of actual legal disputes brought before it
47
Abstract review
Judicial review that allows the constitutional court to rule on questions that dont arise from actual legal disputes
48
Parliamentary system
Roles of head of state and head of government are assigned to separate executive offices
49
Vote of no confidence
Vote taken by a legislature as to whether its members continue to support the current prime minister
50
Presidential system
Roles of head of state and head of government are combines in one executive office
51
Semi-presidential system
Executive that divides power between two strong executives, a president, and a prime minister
52
Electoral system
Set of rules that govern how votes are cast, counted, and translated into seats in a legistlature
53
Constituency
Geographical area that an elected official represents
54
Single Member District
Electoral district with one legislative seat
55
Proportional representation
Electoral system where political parties compete in multimember districts, seats are awared proportionally
56
First past the post
Electoral system where individual canidates compete in SMD, winner takes all the seats
57
Multimember district
Electoral district with more than one seat
58
Mixed electoral system
Electoral system that combines SMD and PR
59
Referendum
National vote called by government to address a specific proposal
60
Initative
National vote called by members of the public to address a specific proposal
61
Civil rights
Individual rights regarding equality that are created by the constitution and the political regime
62
Civil liberties
Individual rights regarding freedom that are created by the constitution and the political regime
63
Developed democracy
Country with institutionalized democracy and a high level of economic development
64
Modern
Secular, rational, materalistic, technological, and bureaucratic. Places a greater emphasis on individual freedom
65
Postmodern
Set of values that center on quality of life considerations and give less attention to material gains
66
Intergovernmental system
Two or more countries cooperating on issues
67
Supranational system
Intergovernmental system with its own sovereign powers over member states
68
Brexit
British exit from the EU
69
Margaret Thatcher
Conservative UK prime minister from 1979-1990
70
Neoliberal
Policies championed by Thatchers conservative government in 1980s to diminish the role of the state in the economy
71
Conservative (Tories)
One of UKs largest parties
72
Labour party
One of UKs largest parties
73
Tony Blair
Labour UK prime minister from 1997-2007
74
Third way
Recent policies of the labour party that embrace a free market
75
David Cameron
Conservative UK prime minister from 2010-2016
76
Theresa May
Conservative UK prime minister from 2016-2019
77
Boris Johnson
Conservative UK prime minister key to brexit
78
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Official name of the british state
79
Celtic Fringe
Scotland and wales
80
Common law
Legal system based on local customs and precedent
81
Magna Carta
1215 document signed by King John that set the precedent for limited monarchical powers
82
Parliament
UKs legislature
83
English civil war
17th century conflict between parliament and the monarch
84
Cabinet (UK)
Top members of UK government who assist the prime minister
85
House of lords
Uper house of UK legislature
86
House of commons
Lower house of UK legislature
87
Collectivist Consensus
Postwar consensus between UKs major parties to build and sustain a welfare state
88
Hung parliament
Election result where no party wins a maority
89
Member of parliament
Individual legislator in the house of commons
90
Collective responsibility
All members of UK cabinet either support government policy or resign
91
United Kingdom Independence Party
Populist and Euroskeptic political party favoring brexit
92
Scottish national party
National political party promoting scottish independence
93
Good Friday Agreement
1998 accord between protestents and catholics in northern ireland that ended decades of violence
94
Jeremy Corbyn
Leader of opposition Labour party in UK from 2015-2020
95
Nigel Farage
UKIP leader until 2016
96
Trades Union Congress
Confederation of UKs largest trade union
97
Confederation of British Industry
UKs most important group representing the private sector
98
Quangos
Quasi-autonomous nongovernmental organizations that assist the government in making policy
99
Northern Ireland
Northeastern part of ireland of the UK called Ulster
100
The troubles
Three decades of ethnic conflict between northern irelands nationalists (Catholic) and unionists(Protestant)
101
George Washington
Commander of the continental army
102
Declaration of independence
13 colonies independent from Britain. 1776
103
American revolution
Conflict between Britain and US
104
Articles of confederation
Weak confederal regime for colonies after 1781. Replaced with consititution
105
Bill of rights
First 10 amendments of the constitution
106
Mexican-American war
Conflict between Mexico and America. America got half of Mexico's land. 1846-1848
107
Civil War Amendments
13th--Abolish slavery except prison
14th--due process
15th--End voter racial discrimination
108
Progressive era
1890s-1920s. Progressives used state to limit private businesses
109
New deal
1933-1938 policies to stimulate the economy to counter the great depression
110
Civil rights movement
1955-1965 movement to end racial discrimiation
111
Vietnam war
US and allies v communism in vietnam. Unsuccessful
112
Federalism
Significant state powers are devolved to regional/local governments
113
Barack Obama
US president from 2009-2017
114
Cabinet (US)
Appointed officials who serve the executive bureaucracies
115
Gerrymandering
Appointing electoral districts to favor one political party
116
Donald Trump
45th US president. Elected in 2016
117
Tea party
Reactionary republican party in 2009. Want lower taxes, small government, and socially conservative policies
118
Mueller Report
2019 report on investigation into Russia in 2016 elections
119
Populism
Hostility towards elites and established state and economic institutions. Favors power in hands of the peope
120
Utopian moralism
Tendency o Americans to view the world as good and evil
121
Political Polarization
Degree of political partisanship
