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GCSR History (OCR B) > Early Modern Migration > Flashcards

Early Modern Migration Flashcards

1
Q

Hansa Merchants - reasons for migration

A

They came to establish a trading organisation and in 1266 they were granted a charter which allowed them to control much of the trade in English wool

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2
Q

When were the Hansa Merchants established in england?

A

1500

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3
Q

Why were Hansa Merchants disliked by many poor English men?

A

They were angry and jealous that immigrants were making more money

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4
Q

what happened in 1517 - ‘Evil May Day’?

A

a series of serious anti-foreigner riots in London around the steelyard, lead by preachers, merchants and bankers

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5
Q

why did King Henry VII arrest 3 hansa merchants in 1526?

A

he suspected that some Hansa merchants were smuggling books by Martin Luther into London

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6
Q

what did Elizabeth I do in 1597 to hansa merchants?

A

she expelled them

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7
Q

what impact did hansa merchants have on english trade?

A

they controlled the trading roots and the great web of trading and also introduced competitive competition between merchants.

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8
Q

why did the The Huguenots seek refuge from France in England?

A

because England was a protestant country and they would not be killed for being protestant. (unlike in france)

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9
Q

Many Huguenots arrived in England after what significant event in 1572?

A

the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

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10
Q

Many Huguenots also arrived between…

A

1670 - 1710

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11
Q

where did a community of Huguenots establish?

A

Soho and Spitalfields

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12
Q

what did King Charles II offer to Huguenots in 1681?

A

denizen status in England which allowed them to live and work in England legally.

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13
Q

What complaint was made about Huguenots in 1631?

A

London clockmakers complained that they were taking away business.

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14
Q

why did a Riot break out in spitalfields in the late 17th C?

A

some londoners felt like they were deprived of work due to the Huguenots

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15
Q

What was a positive change for Huguenots in 1708?

A

Huguenots were given the same legal rights as people born in England.

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16
Q

How were the Huguenots viewed by others?

A

Some people in England saw them wealthy individuals who kept themselves apart from the English and other migrants.

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17
Q

Did all Huguenots return to France?

A

Many Huguenots gave up any idea of returning to France, they settled permanently in England, anglicised their names and married into English families.

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18
Q

what impacts did Hugenots have?

A

skilled craftsmen who brought new trade and technique. transformed the silk industry and produced leather, paper, clocks and glass. designed and created EIC uniform and their mills made paper for the Bank of England

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19
Q

Why did Palatines come to England from Germany?

A

for many reasons: religious persecution, warfare, and bad harvest.

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20
Q

How many Palatines arrived in London during the summer of 1709.

A

13,000

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21
Q

Where where most Palatines from?

A

Most were from the part of Germany known as Palatine, but others came from different regions and spoke different dialects.

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22
Q

Which church did the majority of Palatine belong to?

A

the majority were Protestants

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23
Q

Where did most Palatines want to travel to?

A

America

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24
Q

where did most Palatines stay?

A

Some people managed to find lodgings in the poorer parts of the city, but others ended up in the refugee camps at Blackheath and Camberwell.

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25
Q

What kind of workers were Palatines mainly?

A

Some Palatines were skilled workers, but most were poor peasants who worked on the land.

26
Q

How were the Palatines plans to leave Britain ruined?

A

the harvest was bad, food prices were high and the war against Spain was pushing up taxes. Queen Anne’s government was no longer willing to fund migration to America.

27
Q

How did attitudes towards Palatines change?

A

At first they were well liked but attitudes changed when the government made a census of the refugees and discovered that ⅓ were Catholics.

28
Q

Which group of migrants were stoned by a mob?

A

Palatines

29
Q

What happened to the Palatines in the autumn of 1709?

A

a new government banned further German migrants from coming to Britain. In the following months the Palatines who remained in the camps gradually dispersed

30
Q

What did African migrants bring to britian

A

part of the system that brought great economic wealth to Britain

31
Q

From 1500-1640 what did a large number of black people in parish registers indicate?

A

that they were accepted members of communities in England - they were found in every kind of household + performed a wide range of skilled roles and were paid in the same mix of range + inter-married.

32
Q

Which two examples show how black people were accepted and had skilled roles in Britain’s society?

A

Anne Vause was married to a black trumpeter + Reasonable Blackman was a silk weaver

33
Q

What did the Queen refuse to sign in 1596 when the positions of Africans were threatened?

A

orders drafted for the expulsion of Black people in 1596

34
Q

Between 1650 - 1750, why did the rich view black ‘servants’ as trendy?

A

Seen as exotic and fashionable additions to wealthy households. African children were servants to rich families and treated as property of the family.

35
Q

What group consisted of people who looked different from other European migrants, nomadic, wandering people who arrived in England at the end of the 15th C?

A

Gypsies

36
Q

What caused Gypsies to travel from Eastern europe and the balkans in the late 15th C?

A

Ottoman Turks invaded the Balkans

37
Q

Where did the name Gypsies come from?

A

people thought they originally migrated from Egypt. Actually descendants of the nomadic tribes that migrated from northern India

38
Q

From whom and why did Gypsies face prejudice?

A

from people in settled communities who were suspicious of migrants with a different culture

39
Q

Why were Tudor governments concerned about Gypsies settling in England?

A

concerned that they bought little economic benefit to England + undermined England’s settled Christian communities + added to the problem of vagrancy.

40
Q

In 1530 Henry VIII passed England’s first anti-Gypsy law - what did this consist of?

A

The Egyptians Act ordered all The Egyptians Act ordered all Gypsies to leave the country within 16 days, otherwise they would be imprisoned and deported.

41
Q

Under what conditions did Mary I pass an act allowing Gypsies to remain in England in 1554?

A

only if they gave up their ‘naughty, idle and ungodly life and company’ and settled down in one place. Those who refused could be executed. The Act also made it illegal for English people to travel with Gypsies.

42
Q

In which year did Queen Elizabeth I offer Gypsies born in England the chance to become English subjects?

A

1562

43
Q

What would happen if Gypsies in England did not settle down and give up their nomadic way of life?

A

punishment by death

44
Q

How many Gypsies were hanged in Durham in 1592

A

5

45
Q

In 1595, how many Gypsies were executed in York?

A

7

46
Q

When did most anti-gypsy laws remain in place till?

A

the 1780s

47
Q

the impact of Gypsy migration

A

Stereotypes formed that people still believe in today

48
Q

How did Menasseh ben Israel help to restart Jewish migration to England?

A

in 1655 he travelled to London to seek help from Oliver Cromwell and persuade him to make England a safe place for Jews who were facing terrible hostility in many parts of Europe.

49
Q

Why was Cromwell open to the idea of Jewish migration to England?

A

He believed that Jews would support England against Catholic countries in europe and that jewish merchant would help the English economy.

50
Q

Who opposed the idea of allowing Jews to return to England?

A

Some of Cromwell’s council but Cromwell determined to open England’s borders to them once again

51
Q

How did the first jews arrive quitely in 1656?

A

by saying that they were anti-Catholic refugees fleeing from persecution in Spain

52
Q

Which area of London quickly became a jewish community after the first synagogue was built only a year after they first arrived?

A

Aldgate

53
Q

Jews faced restrictions and still could not…

A

serve in the army, attend university, become lawyers

54
Q

What area of work did many jews go into?

A

often worked in finance and trade.

55
Q

What did the jewish migrants use to their advantage after 1660

A

banks were set up, England’s trade grew, more and more Jews took the opportunity to set up as financiers and traders.

56
Q

How did Moses Hart make his fortune?

A

He Jewish merchant who migrated from Germany in the 1690s, made a fortune by trading at London’s Royal Exchange

57
Q

what did Moses Hart finance in Aldgate

A

a new ‘Great’ synagogue

58
Q

By 1700 what was the size of the jewish population?

A

around 8,000 with the largest communities being in London.

59
Q

There were also jews who lived in poorer parts of the country and their jobs included…

A

selling second-hand clothes and other goods from street carts. Some became travelling peddlers, selling their goods at fairs in different parts of England.

60
Q

It is suggested that Jews faced prejudice amongst their local communities because…

A

popular songs sometimes portrayed them as cheats and criminals

GCSR History (OCR B) (5 decks)

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