Early Republic

Question 1

The Presidency of George Washington

Answer 1

Problems
- Defining the Authority of the government
- Creating a stable economy
- Building a military
- Maintaining national security
- Paying off war debt
- Setting up a court system

Question 2

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

Answer 2

Repay debt, create a National Bank, tax on whiskey (angered farmers), and protective tariff (angered Southerners).

Question 3

The Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 3

The tax on whiskey was to help the U.S make money, but farmers did not have cash to pay the tax. The farmers protested until Washington sent the army to restore order before it got worse.

Question 4

Rise of Political Parties

Answer 4

Thomas Jefferson disagreed with Hamilton’s financial plan, believed it favored the wealthy, and felt the Constitution didn’t allow the government to create a National Bank. These disagreements led to the first political parties.

Question 5

Federalist Party

Answer 5

Leader: Alexander Hamilton
Wanted:
- Strong federal government
- Emphasis on manufacturing
- Ruled by the wealthy/educated
- Pro-British
- Loose interpretation of the constitution
- National Bank
- Protective tariff

Question 6

Democratic-Republican Party

Answer 6

Leader: Thomas Jefferson
Wanted:
- Strong state’s rights
- Emphasis on agriculture
- Rule by the people
- Pro-French
- State banks
- Strict interpretation of Constitution
- Free trade

Question 7

Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 7

In this letter he warned people against 2 things, political parties and permanent foreign alliances.

Question 8

Washington’s Foreign Policy

Answer 8

This was a policy of neutrality that declared the U.S would not take side in European conflict.

Question 9

John Adams

Answer 9

2nd president of the U.S and a federalist.

Question 10

XYZ Affair

Answer 10

France was capturing American ships going to Britain and John Adams sent delegates to France to try and talk through problems, but France refused to listen. His political party wanted him to declare war, but he thought of what was best for his country and not himself (civic virtue).

Question 11

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 11

Alien Act - Let the president imprison people from other countries (aliens) that he thought were dangerous.
Sedition Act - This made criticizing the government a crime which violated the 1st amendment.
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison helped write the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions which declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional.

Question 12

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 12

3rd president and Democratic-republican. He beat John Adams.

Question 13

What He Did

Answer 13

• Reduced the size of the military
• Reduced spending on the government
• Believed in the laissez faire policy which kept the government out of people’s economic business

Question 14

John Marshall

Answer 14

• Supreme Court Justice
• Strengthened the power of the federal government and Judicial Branch
• Wrote the Supreme Court decision that established Judicial Review

Question 15

Marbury vs. Madison (1803)

Answer 15

Before John Adams left office, he appointed Marbury as justice of the peace.The new Secretary of State, James Madison, refused to deliver Marbury’s commission. Marbury asked the Supreme Court to require James Madison to deliver his commission and the Judiciary Act of 1789 gave them the right to do so. The court ruled that part of the Judiciary Act unconstitutional and it should be nullified. This case established judicial review.

Question 16

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Answer 16

• $15 million
• Doubled the size of the U.S
• Contributed to Manifest Destiny

Question 17

Lewis & Clark

Answer 17

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Territory and Sacagawea helped guide their expedition. Their trip laid the groundwork for future Americans to move West.

Question 18

British Attacks the Americans

Answer 18

Britain, who was at war with France, would seize American ships and force American sailors to join the British Navy. (impressment)
In 1807, a British ship attacked a U.S ship, The Chesapeake, and killed 3 Americans.

Question 19

Jefferson Responds

Answer 19

In response to the British, Jefferson passed the Embargo act which prohibited America from trading with any other country. This was meant to hurt Britain, but it ended up hurting America more. Congress overturned the failed embargo, and Jefferson decided not to run for a 3rd term as president.

Question 20

James Madison

Answer 20

4th President and Federalist.

Question 21

War Fever

Answer 21

In 1811, the U.S won a major battle, called the battle of Tippecanoe, against the Native Americans. As a result, the Native Americans decided to join forces with the British.

Question 22

Declaring War

Answer 22

A group called the War Hawks, led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, encouraged the government to declare war on Britain. Congress quadrupled the size of the army, and in 1812, Madison declared war on Britain.

Question 23

War of 1812

Answer 23

American forces tried to invade Canada but failed, and in retaliation, the British attacked and burned much of Washington D.C. Most of the battles took place on the Great Lakes, the greatest one being the Battle of Lake Erie won by the U.S.

Question 24

Star-Spangled Banner

Answer 24

In Baltimore, Maryland Britain bombarded Fort McHenry. The following morning, Francis Scott Key was so overwhelmed by happiness that he wrote the Star-Spangled Banner, and the song later became our country’s National Anthem.

Question 25

The War Ends

Answer 25

The Treaty of Ghent ended the war, and even though no boundaries changed, the British agreed to stop seizing American ships. Although the war had ended, since communication from Europe was slow Jackson hadn’t heard the news and fought and defeated the British at the bloodiest battle of the war, the Battle of New Orleans.

Question 26

Effects of the War of 1812

Answer 26

• America earns respect
• America became very patriotic of their country
• America builds more factories to make items they couldn’t trade for during the War of 1812.

Question 27

McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)

Answer 27

In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government does not have to pay taxes to the states.

Question 28

Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)

Answer 28

Gibbons was given a license by New York State to operate a steamboat between New York and New Jersey. Ogden was granted a similar license by the federal government and Gibbons sued to stop Ogden from competing with him. The judge ruled that only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce. This established the federal government’s right to regulate anything that involves commerce between states.

Question 29

The Era of Good Feelings

Answer 29

• Americans were happy after the war and almost all Americans were Democratic-Republicans, which later led to the collapse of the Federalists.

Question 30

James Monroe

Answer 30

5th president and anti-federalist.

Question 31

The Monroe Doctrine

Answer 31

James Monroe declared that European countries could no longer colonize land in America.