Early Settlement - 1835-62 Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
How many states existed in 1835
A
13
2
Q
What is it like in the plateaux region
A
Mainly desert, water can be trapped here, this lead to the forming of the Great Salt Lake
3
Q
What is it like to live on the plains
A
Huge, Flat areas of grass
4
Q
What is it like in the rocky mountains and the Appalachian mountains
A
Areas created with little rain, droughts but heavy snowy winters
5
Q
How many horses did the Sioux own
A
3.5k
6
Q
What were the goods of horses to Indians
A
travel the plains, hunt buffalo on them, battles
7
Q
What were the plains Indians opinion on land
A
not bought or owned or sold by anyone
8
Q
How was respect gained in the plains Indians culture
A
fighting other tribes
9
Q
What was heavily ingrained in Indian culture
A
warfare
10
Q
Who would farm in indian culture
A
Women
11
Q
Who would collect food in indian culture
A
women
12
Q
Who would hunt buffalo and who would make them into food
A
Men hunt, Women make into food
13
Q
What were buffalo bones used for
A
tools and weaponary
14
Q
what were buffalo sinews used for
A
making ropes and bow strings
15
Q
What were buffalo skins used for
A
Wool, clothing, shoes, harnesses and tipis
16
Q
what was the buffalo bladder used for
A
food bags
17
Q
Why were Indians nomadic on the plains
A
So they could follow the buffalo herds
18
Q
What did Indians see the buffalo as from god
A
a great gift
19
Q
What did Indians do with the buffalo heart
A
Cut out and left to create new life, sometimes eaten to give power of the buffalo
20
Q
What was a tipi
A
a house hat could be dismantled and taken somewhere else
21
Q
Who was a tipi ideal for
A
nomadic indians
22
Q
Who owned the tipis and made/dismanteled them
A
women
23
Q
How many tipis were there per family
A
1
24
Q
How long did a tipi take to dimantle
A
10 minutes
25
What did the Sioux do on their tipis to show bravery
they made geometric patterns on them
26
What material was used onto tipis to make them warmer in the winter
earth
27
Why were there 2 ears on the top of the tipis
to allow fire from cooking to exit the home
28
How many buffalo skins were used to make a tipi
10-20
29
finish the sentence: A frame of _______ poles arranged in a ______ made tipi
wooden, circle
30
What was another name for the Great Spirit
Wakan Tanka
31
Where were spirits found
in all living things
32
What shape was very important to the indians
circle
33
Why was high land important to the indians
they were closer to the spirit world
34
What land was very sacred to the Sioux and why was it important to them
The black hills of Dakota, because they believe that was where they originated
35
Why were tipis round
important shape to Indians being the circle
36
How did Indians contact the spirit world
through vision
37
How did indian boys gain their adult names
They went to a sweat lodge, a tipi where air was heated, pray and fast for a days. They then contacted the spirit world and the name they saw was their name
38
Why were dances important to the indians
they believed it was a way of reaching the spirit world
39
What was another name for a medicine man to Indians
Shaman
40
What were Indians attitudes to land
They were part of land, land could not be owned by one person
41
What was the Sun Dance
Most important ceremony of the year, Fasted for 8 days and then danced, skewers attached to skin until ripped off, contacting spirits through vision
42
Who competed the sun dance
men
43
Why would Indians go to war
Hatred of enemies, Steal resources (horses), Give people bravery an increase status
44
How big were attacks
small scalled (rarely large scalled)
45
What time of year were attacks
Summer
46
What was the warrior brotherhood
A group in the tribe who trained youths to become warriors in tribal army
47
What was most important to Indians in war:
Running back when nearly defeated
or
Trying to kill everyone but die
Running back to safety
48
What was scalping
Removing the scalp of your worst enemy to prevent their spirit reaching the happy hunting grounds
49
What was heaven called to indians
Happy Hunting Grounds
50
what were scalps used for
decoration
51
What was the most common weapon to Indians
Bow and arrows
52
What wepons were made from buffalo hide
Spears, War clubs, knives, shields
53
What was a tomahawk
a light weight axe
54
Why was it hard to use a musket in wars
difficult on horsebacks
55
What was buffalo dung used for
Smoking
56
What was buffalo tough used for
a hairbrush
57
When was the economic deppression
1837
58
Why did people want to leave the east (Push Factors)
Overcrowding, Crops dying, Food dying, Cost of living increasing, Lack of jobs
59
Why did people want to travel to the west (Pull Factors)
Fruit Everywhere, Oregon good for farming, Rumours of paradise, Gold
60
Who is Joseph Smith
Founder of the Mormons
61
What did he claim happened to Joseph Smith at night
god/angels met him
62
Which angel met Joseph Smith one night
Angel of Moroni
63
Where did the Mormons first set up
Kirtland, Ohio
64
What years were the Mormons in Kirtland, Ohio
1831-1837
65
Mormons bought land in Kirtland, Ohio, but what did they build on that land
Homes, a Store, a temple, a mill, a printing press and a bank
66
The Mormons were very _____
prosperous
67
What happened to the Mormon Bank in 1837
due to Economic depression in 1837, bank failed
68
Why did the Mormon bank fail in 1837
Economic depression 1837
69
Why did people want the Mormons to leave Kirtland, Ohio
Became jealous of their success, outnumbering them, savings lost from failed bank
70
What happened to the Mormons in 1837
they were kicked out of Kirtland, Ohio
71
Where did the Mormons travel to in 1837 after Kirtland, Ohio
Missouri
72
How long were the Mormons in missouri
1 year, 1837-1838
73
What did the Mormons buy a lot of in missouri
land
74
what did Mormons build on their land in Missouri
homes and a community in Caldwell county
75
Mormons built a community in Missouri, but where was the community built
Caldwell County
76
A secret police force was set up by the Mormons in Missouri, but what were they called
The Danites
77
in Missouri, the Mormons became very _______
prosperous
78
Who were the Danites
a secret police force set up by Mormons in missouri
79
Who were the Mormons friendly with that no other whites were
plains Indians
80
what were the Mormons against that every one else supported
Slavery
81
Who was friendly with the plains indians
mormons
82
who was against slavery
mormons
83
Why did people want the Mormons out of Missouri
they were for slavery and like Indians, scared of being attacked by danites
84
What did the people do to the Mormons
burned their homes down, attacked them in homes
85
The state governor came to restore order in Missouri, but what did he do to restore it
prisoned Joseph Smith
86
What happened to the Mormons in 1838
kicked out by Missouri people
87
Where did the Mormons go after Missouri
Nauvoo, Illnois
88
How long were the Mormons in Nauvoo, Illnois for
8 years, 1838-1846
89
What was Nauvoo initially called when Mormons moved there
Commerce
90
Commerce was a _____ town
decaying
91
The Mormons turned Nauvoo into a ______ community
prosperous
92
What did the Mormons begin to practise in nauvoo
polygamy
93
what is polygamy
the act of having more than 1 wife
94
what did the Mormons blame Joseph Smith for being
a dictator
95
Who was elected as the new mormon leader after what happened to Joseph Smith
Brigham Young after Joseph Smith was shot
96
Why did the people want the Mormons out of Nauvoo
afraid of being outnumbered
97
When was Joseph Smith shot by who
1845 by mobs
98
What did people of Nauvoo do to Mormons to drive them out of their town
got mobs to start killing Mormons including Joseph Smith
99
Who told the Mormons to leave Illinois
the state governor
100
Where the Mormons decide to emigrate to
Salt Lake City
101
What terrain area did Brigham Young decide to take the mormons to and why
They decided to go to the deserted areas near the central Rockies because it was isolated and they wouldn't be judged
102
How many Mormons were there in 1846
15,000
103
When the Mormons settled in Salt Lake, what was banned
private ownership - prevents capitalism and unfairness on other people
104
With bigger families, what were they given to help mormons
large area farms to provide food for the mormons
105
in 1848, what happened in the USA - Mexico war
USA won Salt Lake of Mexico
106
who owned Salt lake and why did they go to salt lake
Mexico - no US could judge them and they were free from persecution, nobody else wanted it
107
Brigham Young applied for Salt Lake to become a state called what
desert
108
Did the government accept or decline the request for Salt Lake to become a state
declined
109
What did the government create that included the Salt Lake area
Utah Territory
110
Who was the first governor of the Utah Territory
Brigham Young
111
Brigham Young created pioneer bands, what are they and what did they do
a good mix of Mormons who found new towns all over the territory
112
What was set up by Brigham Young to fund the travelling Mormons to Utah
Perpetual Emigrating Fund
113
How many new converts had reached Utah in 1855
over 4,000
114
Where was the gold rush of 1849
California
115
Who discovered gold in California and when
James Marshall, 1848
116
How many people lived in California in 1848
15,000
117
How many people lived in California in 1852
250,000
118
How did people travel to California during the gold rush
on boats and horsebacks
119
what were the California miners called
49ers
120
what process was used to find gold
panning
121
what happened to most 49ers after the gold rush of 1849
went home empty handed
122
What were the negatives of the 1849 Gold Rush
Disease - Cholera and Dysentery, Miners getting drunk and died, lawlessness so common violence, Claim Jumping
123
What was claim jumping
stealing another miners 'claim'
124
What were the positives of California Gold Rush
Miners had places to live, Saloon owners earned tons of money from miners
125
How many people died travelling on westward trails between 1840-1860
34,000
126
When was the Oregon trail set up
1836
127
What were the negatives of the westward trails
no protection of Indian tribes, lack of supplies when summer came
128
Who were the Donner party
41 children and 40 adults, well equipped with 60 wagons and oxens and cattles, led by George and Jacob Donner
129
who led the donner party
George and Jacob Donner
130
was George or Jacob Donner experienced in leading the crew
no
131
What town did the Donner party leave from when they started there travel west
Town of Independence
132
The donner party decided to take a shortcut suggested on their trail guide, but what did they go through to where
Utah to Nevada
133
How much food was left when the donner party reached sierra nevada
almost none
134
What happened to the Donners in October 1846
trapped on a mountain in rockies, lack of food meant no energy to travel up mountain
135
What happened to cattles and oxen in donner party in October 1846
many died from heavy snow
136
What happened to the volunteers in donner party who wanted to fish/hunt for food
froze to death
137
What did the donner memebers do to survive when they had no hope
they started roasting and cooking the dead members
138
When they were found by a rescue team, how many donners were left from the amount they had when they left Independence
47 were left from 81 originally
139
What was the Indian Removal act
moved 46,000 Indians from the east to the west of the mississipi river, promised that they would not be moved ever again, this was called Indian Territory
140
when was the Indian removal act
1830
141
who signed the Indian removal act in 1830
President Jackson
142
What was the Indian Trade and Intercourse act
Defined Indian territory as west of missisipi river, made the Permanent Indian Frontier, kept whites and Indians sperate
143
What was the border splitting whites and Indians in 1834 called
Permanent Indian Frontier
144
When was the Indian Trade and Intercourse act
1834
145
When did Texas become part of the USA
1845
146
When did USA gain full control over Oregon
1846
147
Who did USA share Oregon with before fully owning it
Britain
148
When did USA win the war with Mexico
1848
149
What did USA win in 1848
Mexico war, many west lands including California
150
When was the Indian Appropriations act
1851
151
What was the Indian Appropriations act
Provided money to build reservations for Indians, some had hunting grounds, often far from sacred lands and burial grounds
152
What was the Sioux's sacred area and why was it sacred
Black hills of Dakota, believed they originated there
153
When was the Fort Laramie Treaty
17th October 1851
154
What did the Indians have to do in the Fort Laramie Treaty
End fighting with tribes, Allow migrants to travel safely through lands, permit railroads to be built, Allow government to build roads and army posts, Pay if anyone from tribe broke treaty terms
155
What did the US government agree to give the Indians in the Fort Laramie Treaty
Protect Indians from White Americans, Pay the tribes $50,000 annuity as long as they kept to the treaty terms
156
Name a famous tribal leader
Crazy Horse
157
What was the Kansas-Nebraska act
Formation of 2 new states being Kansas and Nebraska, created to start thousands of farms
158
When was the Kansas-Nebraska act
1854
159
Why were water shortages bad for living in Kansas or Nebraska
Water was scarce, Hard to keep clothing clean
160
Why were water shortages bad for farming in Kansas or Nebraska
Failure of crops, Bankruptcy and starvation, No river/lakes to draw in water
161
Why was weather bad for living in Kansas or Nebraska
Extreme climates and little rainfall, Hot summers and cold winter
162
Why was weather bad for farming in Kansas or Nebraska
droughts in the summer so hard to plant
163
Why was wood bad for living in Kansas or Nebraska
No wood for heating/cooking, only resource was wood to build a house, if no wood for home then buffalo dung used
164
Why was wood bad for farming in Kansas or Nebraska
No wood to build fences to protect crops
165
Why were crops bad for living in Kansas or Nebraska
no food
166
Why were crops bad for farming in Kansas or Nebraska
if crops gained disease from weather they would cause a chain reaction causing others to die too
167
Why was dirt and disease bad for living in Kansas or Nebraska
dirty roofs and flooring, Snakes and bugs found in houses, illness easily developed
168
Why was dirt and disease bad for farming in Kansas or Nebraska
Grasshoppers could catch diseases and jumping onto plants makes plants catch illness too
169
Why was tough land bad for living in Kansas or Nebraska
let to wild fires which could cause death
170
Why was tough land bad for farming in Kansas or Nebraska
grass had dense/tangled roots so fire could catch onto plants
171
Why were natural disasters bad for living in Kansas or Nebraska
dry grass causes wildfire causing possible death
172
Why were natural disasters bad for farming in Kansas or Nebraska
wildfires cause plants and crops to burn and die
173
Between what 2 decades was lawlessness very common
1840s - 1850s
174
what was lawlessness
A time of chaos as nobody could enforce law
175
Name 4 crimes during lawlessness
Alcohol - large consumption , Prostitution - large amount , Cards - gambling , Guns - many drunk males involved
176
Why was there being different cultured people in America such a problem during lawlessness
no united community
177
what would fort laramie lead to for the indians
reservations
178
what did the fort laramie treaty allow for settlers
it opened up the plains for the whites to settle on
179
how many mormons were in each group on average when the mormons travelled to salt lake
100 in each group with a leader
180
who owned the land when the mormons moved to salt lake
church
181
what was the perpetual emigrating fund
a fund created by the mormons to help give money to help mormons in the east travel to salt lake
