Early social Skills and Language Development Flashcards
(51 cards)
What is meant by primary intersubjectivity?
This occurs in the first months of childhood.
- A child’s tendency to behvaiours such as focus on faces, producing vocalisations, eye contact, imitation
What is meant by secondary intersubjectivity?
This occurs in older infants these are behaviours such as having shared attention, turn-taking and pointing.
In early primary inter-subjective interactions/activity is usually what?
Dyadic
What does dyadic interaction mean?
It is between two things, e.g Baby and mother or Baby and object
Often dyadic interactions are not…
Inetntional.
In the intersubjective phase a child cannot understand what?
The perspective of others.
In secondary inter-subjective interactions the interactions become what?
Triadic
What is meant by a triadic interaction?
This is when an interaction between caregiver and baby are shared and they can shared with other objects, e.g Mother, Baby and toy.
These interactions become intentional.
In secondary inter-subjective interactions the baby can understand others having what?
Their own perspective
Since children in the primary intersubjective stage they cannot have what?
Successful conversation with others since they cannot assume others perspective.
Meltzoff and Moore (1977) andKuhl and Meltzoff (1996) both investigated how babies will do what?
dyadic mimicry
What is dyadic mimicry?
This is when a baby reproduces that facial expression of an adult at around 3-4 months.
Dyadic imitations does not mean that children share what? But it does show what?
Understanding of others intentions
However it does show how babies are motivated to engage with others.
Goren at l. 1975 found that children will show preference for what?
faces and things that are face like
Who investigated how children have preference for direct gaze?
Farroni et al 2002
Mutual eye gaze is a form of what?
communicative signal
These signals help a child to attend to an object of interest.
Senju and Csibra (2008) found that infants will only follow and adults gaze to an object or things if it is first preceded by what?
Mutual gaze/ eye contact
Tomasello (2003) suggested that at age 9 months a child will have a revolution of what?
Social understanding
This social revolution suggested by Tomasello suggested that children will begin to do what?
- Interact with/over another object or third person. ( interactions become triadic)
- Coordinate visual attention
- Social reference (coordinate their emotional response with others)
- Use pointing to direct attention
What is meant by social referencing?
This is when a child is able to begin co-ordinating their emotional response with another person.
What two studies investigated how children begin to coordinate their emotional response via social referencing?
Still Face Experiment (adamson and frick 2003)
Visual Cliff Example ( Sorce et al. 1985)
How does the visual cliff experiment exemplify how children use social referencing?
investigates the role of non-verbal communication between mother and child in non-certain contexts.
- Whether the baby can read the emotional responses of others and understand their perspective.
Secondary Intersubjectivity signifies the beginning of intentional communication when a baby begins to exhibit what actions?
Use of eye contact
Pointing to direct attention
Consistent vocalisation
evidence of child waiting for response
persistence if not understood
What are the two main modes of attention?
Turn Taking
Shared Attention
