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Early US History Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the 4th Amendment?

A

Protects against unlawful searches and seizures. (Police need a warrant to search your home)

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2
Q

Who is Henry Clay?

A

American lawyer and statesman. Masterminded the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. Sometimes called the great Pacificator of the Great Compromiser.

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3
Q

Who is Alexander Hamilton?

A

First secretary of the US Treasury, oversaw the creation of the Bank of the United States.

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4
Q

What is Lakota?

A

A Native American tribe that transformed from sedentary to nomadic with the introduction of horses.

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5
Q

What are the Southern Colony Cultures?

A

Included Merriland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia. Features: fertile soil. Economic activities: plantation style agriculture, production of cash crops (tobacco, cotton, and indigo), dependence on slavery.

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6
Q

What was the culture of The Carolina’s in the Southern Colony Culture?

A

Profit seeking private companies

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7
Q

What was the culture of Maryland in the Southern Colony Cultures?

A

Religious Freedom

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8
Q

What was the culture of Georgia in the Southern Colony Cultures?

A

Debtor’s colony (where prisoners could learn trades to work off their debts)

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9
Q

What was the Fugitive Slave Clause?

A

A clause placed in the US Constitution that required escaped enslaved people to be returned to their owners.

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10
Q

What was Treaty of Paris (1783)?

A

Ended the Revolutionary War between the United States and Great Britain and recognize American independence. Signed in 1783.

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11
Q

What was the Bank of the United States?

A

The debate over its creation in 1791 that led to the emergence of the first US political parties.

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12
Q

What is the 6th Amendment?

A

Amendment to the US Constitution which protects the right to a fair, speedy, and public trial; the right to a lawyer, the right to confront accusers, and the right to an impartial jury.

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13
Q

What is the 2nd Amendment?

A

Amendment to the US Constitution which protects against restrictions of the right to bear arms.

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14
Q

What was the Tea Act of 1773?

A

The British East India Company received permission from Parliament to have a monopoly on the sale of tea.

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15
Q

What is Teotihuacán?

A

A civilization known for pyramids, temples, and roads.

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16
Q

What was the Quartering Act of 1765?

A

Required colonist to provide room and board to British soldiers.

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17
Q

What was the Sugar Act of 1764?

A

A tax enacted on all British colonies by Parliament on sugar, textiles, coffee, wine, and indigo.

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18
Q

What was the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

A

Laid out a new blueprint for the American government; address the problems of weak central government created by the articles of confederation. Held in Philadelphia in 1787.

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19
Q

What is the 1st Amendment?

A

Amendment to the US Constitution which protects against restrictions on freedom of speech, religion, press, petition, and assembly. (Peaceful protest)

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20
Q

Who is Nathaniel Bacon?

A

Leader of Bacon’s Rebellion in Jamestown, the first popular revolt in the colonies.

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21
Q

What was the Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts of 1774?

A

A series of laws aimed at punishing Massachusetts for the Boston tea party. (Closing of Boston Harbor)

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22
Q

Who was Ferdinand Magellan?

A

A Portuguese explorer who organized the first expedition to circumnavigate the earth.

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23
Q

Who was King George the III?

A

Was the King of Great Britain and Ireland during the American revolution. Enacted taxes on the colonies without allowing them representation in Parliament, thus providing the motivation for the colonist to separate from Great Britain.

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24
Q

What was the Stamp Act of 1765?

A

Levied on only the American colonies, this tax was on all printed materials.

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25
What was the Enlightenment?
17th century intellectual movement centered on the belief that societies could improve through reason, science, progression.
26
Who led the Enlightenment?
primarily led by the philosophers: Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu.
27
What was the Northwest Passage?
A hypothesized water route from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean. It would have facilitated trade with Asia, but one was never found. Eventually, the Panama Canal would connected oceans in Central America.
28
What was the Iroquois Confederacy/Iroquois League?
A confederacy of six different tribes that was the most powerful native group in the northeast. Expanded tribes through war and conquest.
29
Who are the Federalist?
The first political party in the US; advocated for a strong central government.
30
Who was a part of the new England Colony Cultures?
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire.
31
What was the motivation for the New England Colony Cultures?
Religious freedom.
32
What were the features of the New England Colony Cultures?
Abundant forest, rocky soil, mountains, and a short growing season.
33
What were the economic activities of the New England Colony Cultures?
Logging, fishing, and shipbuilding.
34
What was the Missouri Compromise Line?
A line located at 36° 30’; according to the Missouri compromise, state below this line inducted into the union would be slave states; states above this line would be free states.
35
What is the US Constitution?
A document which lays the foundation for the US government and provides a blueprint of democracy for the rest of the world.
36
What was Olmec?
The first Meso-American civilization.
37
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The transferring of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the Americas after Christopher Columbus‘ arrival.
38
Who are the Conquistadores?
Spanish explorers who searched for and found expansive amounts of gold in the New World.
39
Who was Thomas Paine?
An English-born American political activist and newspaper editor. Wrote “Common Sense,” a pamphlet urging the colonists to be totally independent from Britain.
40
Who was included in the middle colony cultures?
Delaware, New York, and New Jersey (established as trade centers) Pennsylvania (established by Quakers for religious freedom)
41
Where are the features of the middle colony cultures?
Fertile soil, access to iron ore, close proximity to coastlines. Nicknamed “the bread basket” colonies because of the large amounts of grain they produced.
42
What is Salutary Neglect?
Parliament laws that are not strictly enforced.
43
What is the 5th Amendment?
Amendment to the US Constitution which protects against unsupported accusations of wrongdoing, self-incrimination, and double Jeopardy (being charged for the same crime twice)
44
What were the Federalist Papers?
Papers by the Federalist written to argue for the ratification of the United States Constitution. Authors were Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
45
Who was Spanish armada?
Defeated by the English Navy led by Sir Francis Drake; established England as the leading European naval power.
46
Is the Proclamation of 1763?
In an attempt to avoid conflicts with Native Americans, this was issued by King George and stated that colonist couldn’t settle the Ohio river valley.
47
What was the Sons of Liberty?
An underground resistance organization that formed in opposition to the Stamp Act but continue to resist all other forms of British taxation.
48
What was Shay’s Rebellion?
An uprising of farmers in Massachusetts following the American revolution that highlighted the weakness of the new nation.
49
What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?
Required citizens in any state to assist the capture and return of runaway enslaved people.
50
What was the Mayflower?
The ship curing Puritan separatist who wanted religious freedom and established Plymouth Colony present in Massachusetts.
51
Who were the Anti-Federalist?
Did not want to extend the powers of the national government.
52
What is the Second Continental Congress?
Issued the declaration of independence on July 4, 1776.
53
Is the Declaration of Independence?
A document adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4th, 1776. Signed by representatives from all 13 colonies. The document outlined the complaints the colonist had about Great Britain and officially declared the US free from British war.
54
What are Democratic-Republicans?
A political party created in opposition to the idea of strong central government; advocates for the states’ rights.
55
What are the Bill of Rights?
The first 10 amendments to the constitution which protected legal rights and silver rights of individuals. Created in 1791.
56
What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?
A decision made by the creators of the constitution that each slave would count as 3/5 of a person in determining congressional representation and taxes. Part of a dispute resolution between northern and southern states about slavery.
57
What was the First Continental Congress?
Colonist began to unify by sending representatives to voice opposition to the Intolerable Acts and the violation of the right to self governance.
58
What was the Boston Massacre of 1770?
British soldiers fired into a protesting mob; symbolizes the tension between the colonists and the British.
59
What is the 9th Amendment?
I meant to the US Constitution which protects the rights of individuals not specifically listed (unenumerated rights) While the Constitution doesn’t explicitly say that you have a right to travel between states, the courts have agreed that this is an unenumerated right.
60
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
Rebellion of farmers in Pennsylvania in response to a tax on whiskey; suppressed by Washington’s federal government. 1791.
61
What was the Mayflower Compact?
First document of self-regulating governments in the Roman Republic.
62
What is the 3rd Amendment?
Amendment to the US Constitution which protects against the quartering of troops in homes.
63
What is the 10th Amendment?
Amendment to the US Constitution which explicitly states that all powers not specifically given to the federal government belong to the states (reserved powers)
64
What was the Compromise of 1850?
A group of bills which alleviated conflict between the north and south regarding slavery and new states. Designed by Henry Clay.
65
What was the Proclamation of Neutrality?
Issued in 1783; declared that the US would not interfere/involve itself in European conflicts.
66
What was the Missouri Compromise?
The document that allowed Missouri to be inducted into the union as a slave state and Maine tobe inducted as a free state. Designed by Henry Clay to ensure a balance of slave and free states.
67
What was the Townshend Act of 1767?
Lovie did new taxes on imported items like paper, glass, land, tea, and paint.
68
What was the Pequot War?
A war between Pequot Indians and colonists from Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook Colonies.
69
Who was George Washington?
Often called the “Father of his Country” Washington served in many capacities: as a member of the First and Second Continental Congress; as Commander-in-Chief of the colonial armies during the American Revolution; as president of the Constitutional Convention; as the first president of the United States.
70
What was John Locke?
A political philosopher who advocated the social contract theory and a limited monarchy. Encouraged people to rebel if their monarch didn’t protect their natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
71
What is the Plymouth Colony?
First permanent English settlement in Massachusetts (1602)
72
What was the Boston Tea Party?
Where colonist dumped hundreds of pounds of the British east India company‘s tea into the Boston Harbor in protest of the tea act.
73
What is the Articles of Confederation?
The first written constitution in the colonies, ratified in 1782.
74
What is the 8th Amendment?
Amendment to the US Constitution which protects against cruel and unusual punishment.
75
What is the 7th Amendment?
Amendment to the US Constitution which protects the right to a jury trial in civil cases.
76
What was Mesoamerica?
A region in the Americas extending from central Mexico through part of Central America prior to the Spanish exploration.
77
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
Known as one of the founding fathers of America; helped to write the Declaration of Independence; served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention.
78
What was the American Revolution of 1776/The War of Independence?
The war for independence between the American colonies and Great Britain.
79
What was the Battle of Saratoga?
Fought in New York, the American victory is often called the turning point of the Revolutionary War. 1777.
80
What was the French and Indian War/The Seven Years War?
1756-1763. Conflicts between the British and the French, who allied with Native American tribes. Britain’s victory gave them all lands east of the Mississippi river and establish them as the dominant force in North America.
81
What was Toltec?
A civilization known for skill in mental work and pottery.
82
New Amsterdam
The most diverse colony which was a Dutch settlement on the southern tip of Manhattan Island.
83
What was the Treaty of Paris (1763)
Ended the French and Indian War, ceding all lands east of the Mississippi River to Britain.
84
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
Author of the declaration of independence; one of America’s founding fathers; third President of the United States.
85
What is Mercantilism
The economic idea that a country needs to amass wealth through more exporting than importing and measures wealth by the amount of gold that a nation possesses.
86
Who are the Mohican Native Americans?
A confederacy of five tribes along the Hudson River. Lived primarily on agriculture, but also some hunting and gathering. Lived in longhouses.
87
What was the Age of Exploration?
A period of time from the early 15th century until the early 17th century in which European ships traveled around the world in search of new trading routes.
88
Who was Christopher Columbus?
An Italian explorer who searched for alternate routes to India by traveling west across the Atlantic on four different trips.
89
What is Triangular Trade?
Trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa.
90
Who were the Cherokee Native Americans?
A collection of tribes with common cultural elements. Lived in the south eastern United States but were a widely dispersed population. Relied on agriculture, hunting, and gathering.
91
Who was Jacques Cartier?
A French explorer who was the first to search for a water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
92
Who were the Protestant Separatists?
Pilgrims who wanted to get away from the Church of England; established Plymouth colony.
93
What is the House or Burgesses?
The first elected legislative body which became a model for other colonies governmental systems. Met in Jamestown, Virginia.
94
What are Pre-Colombian Cultures?
The cultures of the Americas before European settlement. Usually includes Indonesia‘s cultures as they continue to develop centuries or decades after Columbus‘ discovery.
95
What are Indentured Servants?
Workers who are bound to work for a specific amount of time, typically seven years, in Jamestown.
96
What are Puritans?
Pilgrims who wanted to make things better in the church of England by getting rid of certain practices.
97
What are Hopi Native Americans?
Lived in villages called pueblos in northeastern Arizona. Relied on agriculture. Were known as peaceful people.
98
Who were Mayan Native Americans?
A civilization known for its advancement in mathematics and writing. Built pyramids.

History (4 decks)

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