ears

Question 1

ear

Answer 1

the sensory organ for hearing and maintaining equilibrium

Question 2

auricle

Answer 2

the external ear

Question 3

pinna

Answer 3

moveable cartilage and skin

Question 4

the external ear ____

Answer 4

funnels sound into its opening– the external auditory canal

Question 5

external audits canal

Answer 5

the canal is a cultural-de-sac 2.5 - 3.5 cm long in adults. has a slight S curve

Question 6

The middle ear

Answer 6

a tiny air filled cavity inside the temporal bone containing the tiny auditory ossicles:
1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes
conducts sound vibrations from outer ear to central hearing apparatus
protects inner ear by reducing amplitude of sounds
Eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of the TM so that it does not rupture

Question 7

the inner ear

Answer 7

contains the

1. bony labyrinth
2. vestibular apparatus

Question 8

the bony labyrinth

Answer 8

holds the sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing

Question 9

tympanic membrane

Answer 9

or eardrum
separates the external and middle ear. It is translucent with a pearly gray color and a prominent cone of light in the anteroinferior quadrant ( which is the reflection of the otoscope light)
pars flaccida
pars tensa
annulus

Question 10

The parts of the malleus…….

Answer 10

show through the translucent drum- these are the jumbo, the manubrium, and the short process

Question 11

Cerumen

Answer 11

determined genetically and comes in two major types
1. dry cerumen which is gray and flaky and frequently forms a thin mass in the ear canal
2. wet cerumen which is honey to dark brown and moist.
caucasian most

Question 12

eustachian tube

Answer 12

opening that connects middle ear with nasopharynx and allows passage of air
normally closed but opens with swallowing or yawning

Question 13

vestibular apparatus

Answer 13

vestibule and semi cultural canals within the bony labyrinth compose the vestibular apparatus

Question 14

hearing

Answer 14

auditory system can be divided into three levels

1. peripheral
2. brainstem
3. cerebral cortex

Question 15

peripheral

Answer 15

ear transmit sounds and converts to electrical impulses which can be analyzed by the brain
amplitude-loudness
frequency- pitch or number of cycles per second

Question 16

brainstem

Answer 16

locates direction of sound in space

Question 17

cerebral cortex

Answer 17

interprets meaning of sounds

Question 18

pathways of hearing

Answer 18

normal pathway of hearing air conduction: most efficient
alternate-bone conduction
the bones of the skull vibrate transmit to inner ear and cn VIII

Question 19

hearing loss

Answer 19

anything obstructing transmission of sound

Question 20

conductive hearing loss

Answer 20

involves a MECHANICAL dysfunction of external or middle ear

1. impacted cerumen
2. foreign bodies
3. perforated tm
4. purulent or serous fluid in middle ear
5. otosclerosis-decrease in mobility of ossicles

Question 21

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 21

signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve VIII or auditory areas of cerebral cortex.

Question 22

presbycusis

Answer 22

gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging

Question 23

ototoxic drugs

Answer 23

affects hair cells in the cochlea

Question 24

mixed hearing loss

Answer 24

combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear

Question 25

equilibrium

Answer 25

the bony labyrinth in the inner ear feeds information to brain about the body's position in space determines 1. verticality and depth 2. registers angle of head in relation to gravity 3. if labyrinth becomes inflamed it feeds wrong information to the brain creating a staggering gait and a strong spinning, whirling sensation called vertigo

Question 26

Infant and children

Answer 26

inner ear starts to develop in 5th week of gestation

Question 27

infant eustachian tube

Answer 27

relatively shorter and wider and more horizontal than adults easier for pathogens from nasopharynx to migrate to middle ear increased risk for OM

Question 28

otosclerosis

Answer 28

common cause of conductive hearing loss age 20-40 gradual hardening that causes foot plate of stapes to become fixed in the oval window impedes transmission of sound and causing progressive deafness

Question 29

presbycusis

Answer 29

gradual sensorineural loss caused by nerve degeneration in inner ear and auditory nerve onset usually occurs in 50s and slowly progresses first notice high frequency tone loss

Question 30

whisper test

Answer 30

occlude 1 ear | 1-2 feet from ear and whisper two syllable words

Question 31

tuning fork test

Answer 31

weber test | rinne test

Question 32

tuning fork

Answer 32

to activate tuning fork hold is by the stem and strike tines softly on back of your hand a hard strike makes tone too loud and it takes a long time to fade out

Question 33

weber test

Answer 33

place vibrating tuning fork midline on top of person's skull can use forehead if unable to hear normal sound heard equally in both ears abnormal sound heard only on one side

Question 34

rinne test

Answer 34

``` strike tuning fork place on mastoid until unable to hear then place tines in front of external auditory meatus be sure to time hearing normal AC> BC usually 2: 1 ```