Earth

Question 1

How much of the atmosphere is oxygen?

Answer 1

21%

Question 2

How much of the atmosphere is nitrogen?

Answer 2

78%

Question 3

How much of the atmosphere is argon?

Answer 3

1%

Question 4

How much of the atmosphere is Co2?

Answer 4

0.03%

Question 5

How much of the atmosphere is other gasses?

Answer 5

0.17%

Question 6

What is the greenhouse effect?

Answer 6

The greenhouse effect is the trapping of the heat in the Earths atmosphere by certain gasses

Question 7

What gasses cause the greenhouse effect?

Answer 7

• carbon dioxide
• methane
• Nitrous oxides

Question 8

What normally happens with the suns radiation?

Answer 8

It passes through the atmosphere, absorbed by the earths surface and re-radiated as heat

Question 9

How does the greenhouse effect affect earth?

Answer 9

The gasses prevent the thermal energy radiating out of the earths atmosphere, causing it to heat up

Question 10

How is the greenhouse effect affecting us? (6 factors)

Answer 10

• polar ice sheets melting- causing sea levels to rise
• some areas having less water - causing droughts, food shortages and desertification
• longer growing seasons- faster crop growth due to Co2 levels rising
• severe weather events
• tropical diseases
• agricultural pests - thriving In the warmer environment

Question 11

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 11

How carbon moves between stores through various processes

Question 12

Name 5 processes In the carbon cycle

Answer 12

• respiration
• photosynthesis
• combustion
• feeding
• decomposition

Question 13

What are carbon sinks?

Answer 13

Where carbon can be stored
(e.g ocean,plant matter,soil etc.)

Question 14

Name 5 natural recourses

Answer 14

• biological resources (plants and animals)
• land
• fossil fuels
• metal ores and other minerals
• water

Question 15

Define renewable resources

Answer 15

Resources that are naturally replenished within a human lifetime

Question 16

Define non renewable resources

Answer 16

Resources that will run out or will not be naturally replenished during a human lifetime

Question 17

What is the reactivity series used for?

Answer 17

The reactivity of a metal determines the method of extraction

Question 18

In order, name the metals in the reactivity series (remember the pneumonic )

Answer 18

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold

Question 19

If a metal is above carbon on the reactivity series, how will it be extracted?

Answer 19

By electrolysis

Question 20

If a metal is below carbon ( not including gold or silver ) how will it be extracted?

Answer 20

By reduction using carbon (e.g)

Question 21

What two metals do not need to be extracted and why?

Answer 21

Silver and Gold because they occur native

Question 22

How does electrolysis work?

Answer 22

The ore is melted and electricity passed through it - this separates it into the metal and oxygen

Question 23

How does reduction work

Answer 23

Heating the ore with carbon will cause the carbon to react with the oxygen and leave the metal behind

Question 24

What is reduction also called?

Answer 24

Carbon displacement

Question 25

Other than gold and silver what other metal is found natively?

Answer 25

Platinum

Question 26

Name 4 pros of recycling metals

Answer 26

- relatively easy - saves valuable raw materials- reserves of metal ores will last longer - less energy is needed to produce a metal - less damage to the environment- fewer quarries and mines,less noise and less heavy traffic

Question 27

Name one way of recycling plastics that can be heated and remoulded into a new shape

Answer 27

Thermosoftning ( e.g acrylic )

Question 28

How can plastics that cannot be easily remoulded be recycled

Answer 28

Thermosetting ( e.g. PET )

Question 29

What is sustainability?

Answer 29

The ability for the natural world and human civilisation to coexist indefinitely

Question 30

How can sustainability be reached?

Answer 30

The resources we use are replenished/recycled and have little impact on the environment

Question 31

Is it more energy efficient to extract or recycle materials?

Answer 31

Some products use nearly ,as much energy as is needed to extract, collecting and processing the material, however generally it is more efficient to recycle

Question 32

What is an example of a material where it is more expensive to recycle?

Answer 32

Glass - recycling glass saves 30% of the energy needed to make new glass but the cost of setting up and running a glass recycling centre means it is more expensive

Question 33

What is an example of a material that recycling it is profitable and saves a lot of energy?

Answer 33

Aluminium - recycling aluminium saves 95% of energy and is highly profitable

Question 34

What is down cycling?

Answer 34

When the material is recycled and a new product is made that itself cannot be recycled