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1st Quarter STEM > Earth and Science > Flashcards

Earth and Science Flashcards

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1
Q

a Belgian priest, is considered as the first proponent of the big bang theory

A

Georges Lamaitre

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2
Q

A giant cloud of dust and gas in space

A

Nebula

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3
Q

the formation of our solar system and other planetary systems

A

Nebular Hypothesis – Immanuel Kant

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4
Q

Elements heavier than iron, such as gold, platinum, and uranium, are often produced in ————– and then distributed into space

A

supernova explosions

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5
Q
  • The Earth was no longer bombarded by meteorites and the surface was cool enough for bodies of water and primitive sedimentary rocks to form
  • Living organisms started to exist
A

Emergence of life on earth

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6
Q

the Mars-size body collided with Earth, throwing vaporized chunks of the young planet’s crust into space

A

Theia

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7
Q

The lowest layer of our atmosphere

A

Troposphere

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8
Q

Extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50km above the ground

A

Stratosphere

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9
Q

Gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth and constitutes the transition between land mass and vacumm of space

A

Atmosphere

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10
Q

Extends upward to a height of about 85km above our planet

A

Mesosphere

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11
Q

Reaches over 560 kilometers (348 miles) up from the surface of the earth

A

Atmosphere

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12
Q
  • Most clouds appear here, 99% of the water vapor in the atmosphere is found in the
    troposphere
  • Air pressure drops; temperature gets colder
A

Troposphere

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13
Q
  • Where ozone layer is found
  • Temperature is warmer
A

Stratosphere

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14
Q

Where High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are absorbed - hundreds to
thousands of degrees temp.

A

Thermosphere

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15
Q
  • Extends upward to a height of about 85km above our planet
  • where most meteors burn
A

Mesosphere

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16
Q
  • can be found anywhere bet. 500 and 1,000 km (311 to 621 miles)
  • Temperatures in the upper thermosphere can range from about 500° C (932° F) to 2,000°
    C (3,632° F) or higher
A

Thermosphere

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17
Q

Coldest temperatures in earth’s atmosphere, about -90C (-130F) found near the top of this layer

A

Mesosphere

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18
Q

The outermost layer of the atmosphere

A

Exosphere

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19
Q

Give the 5 layers of our Atmosphere:

A
  • Troposphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere
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20
Q
  • comprises the solid Earth and includes both Earth’s surface and interior
  • 94% of the Earth is composed of the elements oxygen, silicon, and magnesium.
A

Geosphere

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21
Q
  • The geosphere is not static but its surface (crust) is in a constant state of motion.
  • Mineral resources are mined from the geosphere.
A

Geosphere

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22
Q
  • includes all water on Earth (surface water and groundwater)
  • liquid, vapor, or ice
A

Hydrosphere

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23
Q

lakes and rivers, streams, and creeks

A

Surface waters

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24
Q

water trapped in the soil and groundwater; wells, aquifers

A

Below waters

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25
water vapor
Atmospheric water
26
ice caps and glaciers, icebergs
Frozen water
27
Only about ---% of the water on Earth is “freshwater, and about ---% of the freshwater is frozen in the form of glacial ice
3% 70%
28
“life zone” of the Earth; all living organisms (including humans), and all organic matter that has not yet decomposed
Biosphere
29
is structured into a hierarchy known as
Food Chain
30
----- and ----- is transferred from one level of the food chain to the next.
Energy and Mass
31
living organisms (biotic factors) and nonliving things (abiotic factors) from which they derive energy and nutrient
global ecosystem
32
- outermost layer of the Earth - 5 to 70 kilometers thick
Crust
33
- thickest layer covering about 67% of Earth’s mass - about 2,900 kilometers thick - hot molten rocks called magma
Mantle
34
- Inner most layer - the hottest layer with 4,700 degrees Celsius
Core
35
- 1220 km thick - solid iron and nickel
Inner Core
36
- 2260 km thick - liquid iron and nickel - generates Earth’s Magnetic field
Outer Core
37
existing in or derived from nature
Natural
38
stock or supply of money, materials, staff and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively
Resource/source
39
are all the land, water, energy resources and minerals existing naturally in a place that can be used by people
Natural resources
40
Give the 7 Earth's Natural Resources
- Mineral Resources - Water - Energy Resources - Living Organisms - Soil - Sunlight - Wind
41
Can be replaced by nature at a rate close to the rate at which they are used
Renewable Resources
42
Examples of Renewable Resources: Solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, water, air, soil, cultivated plants, biomass, animals
43
energy from the sun
Solar
44
energy from earth's heat
Geothermal
45
energy from the wind
Wind energy
46
energy from burning organic or living matter
Biomass
47
energy from the flow of water
Water or hydroelectric
48
- Resources that exist in a fixed amount - Are renewed very slowly or not at all
Non Renewable Resources
49
Examples of Nonrenewable Resources Coal, oil, natural gas, petroleum, sand, stone and gravel, minerals, fossil fuels,
50
uses uranium to create energy
Nuclear energy
51
the basic unit of life. The building blocks for all living organism
Cell
52
boundary of each structure. Keep everything intact/organize
Membrane
53
contains organelles
Cytoplasm
54
contains DNA: DNA house
Nucleus
55
- Does not have structure surrounded by membranes - Few internal structure
Prokaryotic cells
56
- Has 3 components: membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus - Contains organelles surrounded by membrane - Most living organism
Eukaryotic cells: animal & plant
57
- Single cell – can function on its own - Does not have nucleus but has DNA - One celled organism - 10x smaller
Prokaryotic cells: bacteria
58
* Animal cell - Plasma cell membrane - Endoplasmic reticulum - Mitochondria - Lysosomes - Nucleus - Ribosomes - Golgi
59
Plant cell - Have more/complex structure - Have more organelles so it can function and reproduce itself
60
- cell controls movement in and out of the cell - Double layer
Outer Membrane
61
shape giving part of the cell
Cell Wall
62

1st Quarter STEM (5 decks)

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