earth and space Flashcards
1
Q
stream of high energy particles sent into space
A
solar wind
2
Q
causes the light displays aurora borealis and aurora australis
A
solar wind
3
Q
type of solar wind that is seen from the Northern Hemisphere
A
aurora borealis
4
Q
types of solar wind that is seen from the Southern Hemisphere
A
aurora australis
5
Q
storms that look like huge arches and may last several days
A
prominences
6
Q
more intense than prominences and lasts only about fifteen (15) minutes
A
solar flares
7
Q
cool black storm areas
A
sunspots
8
Q
heads of ice and rock and tails of dust and gases forced from the head by solar radiation
A
comets
9
Q
its tail always points away from the sun
A
comets
10
Q
chunk of rock or metal smaller than an asteroid
A
meteoroid
11
Q
a meteoroid as it burns up in the atmosphere or can be called shooting star
A
meteor
12
Q
a meteoroid that does not completely burn up
A
meteoroid
13
Q
two (2) types of tides
A
spring tides and neap tides
14
Q
strongest tides, highest and lowest tides
A
spring tides
15
Q
when the sun, earth, and moon are in a straight line where the sun’s and moon’s gravities add up
A
spring tides
16
Q
weakest tides, moderate tides
A
neap tides
17
Q
when the sun, earth, and moon form a right angle and the sun’s and moon’s gravities cancel out one another
A
neap tides
18
Q
what are the ten given common stars and constellations in the handbook?
A
- polaris
- sirius
- ursa major
- ursa minor
- canis major
- canis minor
- orion
- proxima centauri
- alpha centauri
- pegasus
19
Q
north star, tip of the Little Dipper’s “handle”
A
Polaris
20
Q
brightest star in the night sky, “Dog Star”
A
Sirius
21
Q
Big Bear, contains the Big Dipper
A
Ursa Major
22
Q
Big Dog, contains Sirius
A
Canis Major
23
Q
Little Dog
A
Canis Minor
24
Q
The Hunter
A
Orion
25
closest star to Earth but is too small to be seen in the night sky
Proxima Centauri
26
closest star to the Earth that is visible in the night sky
Alpha Centauri
27
The Winged Horse
Pegasus
28
the distance that light travels in one year
light year
29
the galaxy where the solar system is
Milky Way
30
the explosion of a big star
supernova
31
remains of a supernova explosion with very strong gravity from which nothing can escape
black hole
32
this is the layer of the earth from the crust down to the rigid upper mantle
lithosphere
33
Why is the outer core liquid?
It is due to the temperature from the core.
34
Why is the inner core solid?
It is because of the pressure from the upper layers of the Earth.
35
What are the three plate boundaries?
Divergent, Convergent, Transform
36
This plate boundary has its plates move away from each other.
Divergent Plate Boundaries
37
What do divergent plate boundaries form?
Mid-Ocean Ridges
38
This plate boundary has its plates move toward each other.
Convergent Plate Boundaries
39
What are the three types of convergent plate boundaries?
Oceanic-Oceanic, Oceanic-Continental, Continental-Continental
40
This is a type of convergent plate boundary where one of the two oceanic plates is subducted into the mantle and its magma rises.
Oceanic-Oceanic
41
This forms volcanoes and creates trenches.
Oceanic-Oceanic
42
This is a type of convergent plate boundary where the oceanic plate is subducted into the mantle and the magma rises.
Oceanic-Continental
43
This forms mountain ranges, usually containing volcanoes.
Oceanic-Continental
44
This is a type of convergent plate boundary where neither plate is fully subducted and the plates are forced into one another.
Continental-Continental
45
This forms tall mountains.
Continental-Continental
46
This plate boundary has its plates slide past one another.
Transform Plate Boundary
47
This plate boundary causes earthquakes.
Transform Plate Boundary
48
What are the types of faults?
Normal Dip-Slip, Reverse Dip-Slip/Thrust Fault, Strike-Slip
49
This is the energy released in an earthquake.
Magnitude
50
This is measured using the Richter Scale or Moment Magnitude Scale.
Magnitude
51
This is where magnitude can be measured, from 1 to 10, wherein magnitude 2 is ten times stronger than magnitude 1, and so on.
Richter Scale
52
This scale is now more commonly used because of higher precision.
Moment Magnitude Scale
53
This is the amount of damage from an earthquake.
Intensity
54
This is measured using the Mercalli Scale (1 to 12).
Intensity
55
This is an earthquake's point of origin.
Focus
56
This is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus.
Epicenter
57
What are the types of rocks?
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
58
This is a type of rock that is from lava.
Igneous Rocks
59
Give three examples of igneous rocks.
Basalt, Granite, Rhyolite, Gabbro, Obsidian, Pumice
60
This is a type of rock from other rocks that were changed due to intense heat and pressure.
Metamorphic Rocks
61
Give three examples of metamorphic rocks.
Marble, Gneiss, Slate, Quartzite, Phyllite
62
This is a type of rocks from sediments which were eroded to lower places.
Sedimentary Rocks
63
Give three examples of sedimentary rocks.
Shale, Limestone, Coal, Sandstone, Breccia, Conglomerate
64
This is written by Alfred Wegener in 1912.
Theory of Continental Drift
65
This is the theory of the movement of the continents relative to each other.
Theory of Continental Drift
66
Who wrote the theory of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
67
Give some evidences of the theory of continental drift.
* Fossils in Africa and South America
* Positions of mountain ranges
* Glacial Striations
* Tillites
68
These are the scratches in rock caused by movement of glaciers.
Glacial Striations
69
Glacial sediments buried in rock.
Tillites
70
The theory that tectonic plates move.
Theory of Plate Tectonics
71
This explains the continental drift.
Theory of Plate Tectonics
72
The "Supercontinent" that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras.
Pangaea
73
This broke up into Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south during the Mesozoic Era.
Pangaea
74
This started breaking up into Asia, Europe, and North America during the Cenozoic Era.
Laurasia
75
This started breaking up into Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and South America during the Mesozoic Era.
Gondwanaland
76
This will not run out due to continuous use, such as solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy.
Renewable energy sources
77
This is in danger of running out, such as fossil fuels.
Non-Renewable energy sources
78
These energy sources that were formed by nature for hundreds of millions of years but which people are exploiting and may run out in just a few more years, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Fossil Fuels
79
This is the heating up of the earth's surface due to a build-up of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere.
Global Warming
80
What are the effects of global warming?
Melting of polar ice caps and climate change
81
This causes excessive flooding and even the loss of low-lying land.
Melting of polar ice caps
82
Such example of this is increase in the number and intensity of typhoons and a shortening of the wet season.
Climate Change
83
What are the five (5) weather instruments?
Barometer, Anemometer, Hygrometer, Wind Vane, Rain Gauge
84
This is the weather instrument for air pressure.
Barometer
85
This is the weather instrument for wind speed.
Anemometer
86
This is the weather instrument for humidity.
Hygrometer
87
This is the weather instrument for wind direction.
Wind Vane
88
This is the weather instrument for the amount of rainfall.
Rain Gauge
89
What are the kinds of storms?
Thunderstorms, Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, Typhoons, Hurricanes, Cyclone, Tornadoes
90
This kind of storm is where clouds become electrically charged, producing lightning and thunder.
Thunderstorms
91
This kind of storm is where the winds are up to 63 km/hr.
Tropical Depression
92
This kind of storm is where the winds are 63 - 117 km/hr.
Tropical Storm
93
This kind of storm is from the Pacific ocean.
Typhoons
94
This kind of storm is from the Atlantic ocean.
Hurricanes
95
This kind of storm is from the Indian ocean.
Cyclone
96
This kind of storm is small but about 500 km/hr.
Tornadoes
97
What are the layers of the atmosphere?
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
98
This layer of the atmosphere is where life forms and the weather are found.
Troposphere
99
This is the densest layer of the atmosphere.
Troposphere
100
This layer of the atmosphere is where the ozone layer is, along with the airplanes.
Stratosphere
101
This layer of the atmosphere is where the meteors burn up.
Mesosphere
102
This is the coldest layer of the atmosphere.
Mesosphere
103
This layer of the atmosphere is also called the Ionosphere.
Thermosphere
104
This is the hottest layer of the atmosphere.
Thermosphere
105
This layer of the atmosphere is where the man-made satellites can be found.
Exosphere
