earth and space sciences regents review Flashcards
(367 cards)
1
Q
how many degrees is the equator
A
0
2
Q
the equator is ___ due to ___ angle of sunlight
A
warmer
high
3
Q
what is at 0 degrees
A
equator
4
Q
where are the poles
A
90n or 90s
5
Q
the poles are ___ due to ___ angle of sunlight
A
cold
low
6
Q
what are at 90n and 90s
A
poles
7
Q
what are cold due to low angle of sunlight
A
poles
8
Q
what is warmer due to high angle of sunlight
A
equator
9
Q
how many degrees is arctic ice
A
90n
10
Q
what is 90n
A
arctic ice
11
Q
what has water underneath it
A
arctic ice
12
Q
how many degrees is antarctica
A
90s
13
Q
what is 90s
A
antarctica
14
Q
what had land underneath it
A
antarctica
15
Q
warm air takes up ___ space, is ___ dense, rises, and has ___ pressure
A
more
less
lower
16
Q
what takes up more space, is less dense, rises, and has lower pressure
A
warm air
17
Q
when warm air rises ___ form, more ___ can lead to ___
A
clouds
clouds
storms
18
Q
what can clouds lead to
A
storms
19
Q
when do clouds form
A
when warm air rises
20
Q
cold air takes up ___ space, is ___ dense, sinks, and has ___ pressure
A
less
more
high
21
Q
what takes up less space, is more dense, sinks, and has high pressure
A
cold air
22
Q
when cold air ___, no clouds form
A
sinks
23
Q
what kind of weather do you see when cold air sinks
A
clear skies
24
Q
when do no clouds form
A
when cold air sinks
25
greater the ___, greater the gravitational pull
mass
26
greater the mass, greater the ___
gravitational pull
27
___ the mass, greater the gravitational pull
greater
28
greater the mass, ___ the gravitational pull
greater
29
the ___ two objects, the greater the gravitational pull
closer
30
the closer two objects, the ___ the gravitational pull
greater
31
the closer two objects, the greater the ___
gravitational pull
32
what come together to form a new heavier element
fusion elements
33
fusion elements come together to form…
new heavier elements
34
where do fusion elements come together to form a new heavier element
stars
35
what provides energy for earth surface
sun
36
the sun provides what for earth surface
energy
37
the sun provides energy for what
earth surface
38
fission elements ___ creating new ___ elements(occurs inside of ___) and ___ heat
decay
lighter
earth
releasing
39
what decays creating new lighter elements and releasing heat
fission elements
40
where does fission elements decaying creating new lighter elements and releasing heat occur
inside of earth
41
what provides heat for earth interior and plate tectonics
fission(decay)
42
fission(decay) provides ___ for earth ___ and ___
heat
interior
plate tectonics
43
what does fission(decay) provide for earth interior and plate tectonics
heat
44
what can be used to date geological events on earth
radioactive decay
45
what does radioactive decay date
geological events on earth
46
___ decay can be used to date ___ on earth
radioactive
geological events
47
how old is the universe
13.8 billion years old
48
what is 13.8 billion years old
the universe
49
what created the universe
the big bang
50
the big bang created what
the universe
51
what happened during the big bang
everything from one point expanded
52
what is evidence of the big bang
redshift of light pattern, cosmic background energy(left over heat), hydrogen(simplest element) is the most abundant element in our universe
53
what is redshift of light pattern, cosmic background energy(left over heat), and hydrogen(simplest element) being the most abundant element in our universe evidence of
the big bang
54
evidence of big bang: ___ of light pattern, ___ background energy(left over heat), ___(simplest element id the most ___ element in the universe
redshift
cosmic
hydrogen
abundant
55
what are keplers 3 laws of planetary motion
all planets follow elliptical orbits with the sun at the foci
the planets change orbital speed(as they get closer to the sun they go faster, as they move away they go slower)
planets farther from the sun go slower than planets closer
56
all planets follow elliptical orbits with the sun at the foci
the planets change orbital speed(as they get closer to the sun they go faster, as they move away they go slower)
planets farther from the sun go slower than planets closer
keplers 3 laws of planetary motion
57
keplers 3 laws of ___
all planets follow ___ orbits with the sun at the ___
the planets change ___ speed(as they get closer to the sun they go ___, as they move away they go ___)
planets ___ from the sun go slower than planets ___
planetary motion
elliptical
foci
orbital
faster
slower
farthest
closer
58
planetary laws apply to what as they orbit a planet
moons
59
what applies to moons as the orbit a planet
planetary laws
60
when do planetary laws apply to moons
when they orbit a planet
61
which direction do all things in our solar system move
counterclockwise
62
what moves counterclockwise
all things in our solar system
63
jovian planets
jupiter like planets
jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune
further from sun
outer planets
gas giants
64
jupiter like planets
jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune
further from sun
outer planets
gas giants
jovian planets
65
jocian planets:
___ like planets
jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune
___ from sun
___ planets
___ giants
jupiter
further
outer
gas
66
terrestrial planets
earth like planets
mercury, venus, earth, mars
closer to sun
inner planets
rocky planets
67
earth like planets
mercury, venus, earth, mars
closer to sun
inner planets
rocky planets
terrestrial planets
68
terrestrial planets:
___ like planets
mercury, venus, earth, mars
___ to sun
___ planets
___ planets
earth
closer
inner
rocky
69
what is closer to the sun during the month of december
earth
70
earth is closest to the what during the month of december
sun
71
what month is earth closer to the sun
december
72
earth is ___ to the sun in the month of december
closer
73
sun ___ in the east and ___ in the west for everyone on earth
rises
sets
74
sun rises in the ___ and sets in the ___ for everyone on earth
east
west
75
who on earth does the sun rise in the east and set in the west for
everyone on earth
76
what does cyclic mean
repeat
77
objects in space movements are what
cyclic
78
objects in ___ are cyclic
space movements
79
moon phases repeat every how many days
29.5
80
what repeats every 29.5 days
moon phases
81
are moon phases cyclic
yes
82
lunar eclipse occurs at ___ during the full moon phase
night
83
___ occurs at night during the full moon phase
lunar eclipse
84
lunar eclipse occurs at night during the ___ phase
full moon
85
___ occurs at day during the new moon phase
solar eclipse
86
solar eclipse occurs at ___ during the new moon phase
day
87
solar eclipse occurs at day during the ___ phase
new moon
88
what is a small difference between high tide and low
neap tide
89
what is neap tide
a small difference between high tide and low
90
neap tide is a ___ difference between high tide and low
small
91
spring tide is a ___ difference between high tide and low
large
92
what is a large difference between high tide and low
spring tide
93
what is spring tide
a large difference between high tide and low
94
the surface of objects in space that are covered in impacts are ___ than surface with less or no impacts visible
older
95
the surface of objects in space that are covered in impacts are older than surface with ___
less or no impacts visible
96
the surface of objects in space that are ___ in impacts are older than surface with less or no impacts visible
covered
97
moon and earth are the same age but ___ surface is old and has more craters while ___ surface is changing
moons
earths
98
moon and earth are the same age but moons surface is ___ and has ___ craters while earths surface is ___
old
more
changing
99
oceanic crust is made of basalt and is ___ and ___ than continental crust made out of ____
younger
thinner
granite
100
___ crust is made of basalt and is younger and thinner than ___ crust made out of granite
oceanic
continental
101
what is oceanic crust made of
basalt
102
what is made of basalt
oceanic crust
103
what is continental crust made of
granite
104
what is made of granite
continental crust
105
what is made at mid ocean ridges
new rocks
106
where are new rocks made
mid ocean ridges
107
what kind of rocks are made at mid ocean ridges
new rocks
108
what do rocks on each side of a ridge match in
age
rock type
magnetic polarity
109
what matches in age, rock type, and magnetic polarity
rocks on each side of a ridge
110
___ on each side of a ridge match in age, rock type, and magnetic polarity
rocks
111
rocks on each side of a ___ match in age, rock type, and magnetic polarity
ridge
112
where do convention currents occur
the mantle section
113
what occurs in the mantle section
convection currents
114
what is the asthenosphere known as
the mantle section
115
what is the mantle section known as
the asthenosphere
116
what is crust known as
the lithosphere
117
what is the lithosphere known as
the crust
118
___ in the mantle section known as the ___ moves the ___(crust)
convection currents
asthenosphere
lithosphere
119
convection currents in the ____ section known as the asphenosphere moves the lithosphere(___)
mantle
crust
120
earthquakes are created by what
plate tectonics
121
what do plate tectonics create
earthquakes
122
what is a p wave
a compressional wave
123
abbreviation for compressional wave
p wave
124
seismic wave:
___ wave(p wave)
travels through all ___
___ wave
compressional
matter
fastest
125
seismic wave:
compressional wave(___ wave)
travels through ___ matter
fastest ___
p
all
wave
126
what is a s wave
a shear wave
127
abbreviation for shear wave
s wave
128
shear wave:
travels through only ___ matter
liquid
129
shear wave:
travels through only liquid ___
matter
130
what are shadow zones
areas at certain angles from earthquakes that do not receive seismic waves
131
what are areas at certain angles from earthquakes that do not receive seismic waves
shadow zones
132
where is there evidence of different densities
the earth and the liquid outer core
133
___ zones are areas at certain ___ from earthquakes that do not receive ___ waves
shadow
angles
seismic
134
shadow zones are areas at ___ angles from ___ that ___ receive seismic waves
certain
earthquakes
do not
135
what was pangea
all land masses once connected
136
what was all land masses once connected
pangea
137
all land masses were ___ during pangea
connected
138
all ___ were connected during pangea
land masses
139
relative dating
oldest rock is in the bottom and youngest is on top
140
oldest rock is in the bottom and youngest is on top
relative dating
141
oldest rock is in the ___ and youngest is on ___
bottom
top
142
___ rock is in the bottom and ___ is on top
oldest
youngest
143
absolute dating
actual age of an event
144
actual age of an event
absolute dating
145
absolute dating: actual ___ of an event
age
146
absolute dating: actual age of an ___
event
147
examples of fossil fuels
coal, natural gas, oil
148
coal, natural gas, oil
examples of fossil fuels
149
humans ___ fossil fuels is linked to climate change
burning
150
humans burning ___ is linked to climate change
fossil fuels
151
humans burning fossil fuels is linked to ___
climate change
152
what are fossil fuels
energy resources that take millions of years to replenish
153
what are energy resources that take millions of years to replenish
fossil fuels
154
fossil fuels: ___ that take millions of years to replenish
energy resources
155
fossil fuels: energy resources that take ___ of years to replenish
millions
156
fossil fuels: energy resources that take millions of years to ___
replenish
157
examples of renewable energy
hydrological(water) energy
solar energy
geothermal energy(inside of earth)
wind energy
158
what are hydrological(water) energy, solar energy, geothermal energy(inside of earth), and wind energy examples of
renewable energy
159
hydrological
water
160
water
hydrological
161
what does geothermal mean
inside of earth
162
inside of earth
geothermal
163
what dissolves with acid and forms caves
limestone
164
what does limestone do
dissolve with acid and form caves
165
limestone ___ with acid and forms caves
dissolves
166
limestone dissolves with ___ and forms caves
acid
167
limestone dissolves with acid and forms ___
caves
168
what is a delta
a deposit at the end of a river
169
what is a deposit at the end of a river
a delta
170
a ___ is a deposit at the end of a river
delta
171
a delta is a ___ at the end of a river
deposit
172
a delta is a deposit at the ___ of a river
end
173
a delta is a deposit at the end of a ___
river
174
what leads to more evaporation and cloud formation
warming atmosphere
175
what does the warming atmosphere lead to
evaporation and cloud formation
176
___ atmosphere leads to more evaporation and cloud formation
warming
177
warming atmosphere leads to ___ evaporation and cloud formation
more
178
warming atmosphere leads to more ___ and cloud formation
evaporation
179
warming atmosphere leads to more evaporation and ___ formation
cloud
180
warming atmosphere leads to more evaporation and cloud ___
formation
181
what reflects light reducing warming
clouds
182
clouds reflect ___ reducing warming
light
183
clouds ___ light reducing warming
reflect
184
clouds reflects light ___ warming
reducing
185
clouds reflects light reducing ___
warming
186
___ atmosphere leads to melting ice and absorbing more energy warming the earth more
warming
187
warming ___ leads to melting ice and absorbing more energy warming the earth more
atmosphere
188
warming atmosphere leads to ___ ice and absorbing more energy warming the earth more
melting
189
warming atmosphere leads to melting ___ and absorbing more energy warming the earth more
ice
190
warming atmosphere leads to melting ice and ___ more energy warming the earth more
absorbing
191
warming atmosphere leads to melting ice and absorbing ___ energy warming the earth more
more
192
warming atmosphere leads to melting ice and absorbing more ___ warming the earth more
energy
193
warming atmosphere leads to melting ice and absorbing more energy ___ the earth more
warming
194
warming atmosphere leads to melting ice and absorbing more energy warming the ___ more
earth
195
warming atmosphere leads to melting ice and absorbing more energy warming the earth ___
more
196
what cause volcanoes and mountains to form
converging plates
197
what do converging plates cause to form
volcanoes and mountains
198
converging plates cause ___ and ___ to form
volcanoes
mountains
199
gradient formula
change in value/distance
200
change in value/distance
gradient formula
201
gradient formula: change in ___/___
value
distance
202
gradient formula: ___ in value/distance
change
203
construct an argument from the date
as carbon dioxide increased from 275 ppm to 375 ppm, the average temperature on earth also increased by .5f
204
what is an independent value
what is being controlled
205
what value is being controlled
the independent value
206
what is a dependent value
what is being measured
207
what value is being measured
the dependent value
208
independent: what is being ___
controlled
209
dependent: what is being ___
measured
210
what is the independent value
the types of plastic wrap
211
what is the dependent value
the ml of water collected
212
what is being controlled
the types of plastic wrap
213
what is being measured
the ml of water collected
214
support the claim: the weather is colder and dryer in the northwest part of the united states
high pressure of 1040 mb in the northwest part of the united states and no precipitation
215
what is a constructive force
when land is created
216
what kind of force happens when land is created
constructive force
217
examples of constructive forces
the moon forms from theia impact with earth
lava flooded and filled some impact craters on the moon(lava cools forming land)
flood basalts partially fill in a crater on the moons surface
deposition of a delta
deposition on the inside crater
diverging plates creating new crust
218
what kind of force happened when the moon formed from theia impact with earth
constructive force
219
what kind of force happened when lava flooded and filled some impact craters on the moon(lava cools forming land)
constructive force
220
what kind of force happened when flood basalts partially fill in a crater on the moons surface
constructive force
221
what kind of force happened during deposition of a delta
constructive force
222
what kind of force happened during deposition on the inside crater
constructive force
223
what kind of force happens when
diverging plates creating new crust
constructive force
224
the moon ___ from theia impact with earth
forms
225
the ___ forms from theia impact with earth
moon
226
the moon forms from ___ impact with earth
theia
227
the moon forms from their ___ with earth
impact
228
the moon forms from their impact with ___
earth
229
___ floods and fills some impact craters on the moon
lava
230
lava ___ and fills some impact craters on the moon
floods
231
lava floods and ___ some impact craters on the moon
fills
232
lava floods and fills some ___ craters on the moon
impact
233
lava floods and fills some impact ___ on the moon
craters
234
lava floods and fills some impact craters on the ___
moon
235
___ cools forming land
lava
236
lava ___ forming land
cools
237
lava cools ___ land
forming
238
lava cools forming ___
land
239
___ partially fill in a crater on the moons surface
flood basalts
240
flood basalts ___ fill in a crater on the moons surface
partially
241
flood basalts partially ___ a crater on the moons surface
fill in
242
flood basalts partially fill in a ___ on the moons surface
crater
243
flood basalts partially fill in a crater on the ___ surface
moons
244
flood basalts partially fill in a crater on the moons ___
surface
245
___ create new crust
diverging plates
246
diverging plates ___ new crust
create
247
diverging plates create ___ crust
new
248
diverging plates create new ___
crust
249
what are destructive forces
when something is destroyed
250
what kind of force happens when something is destroyed
destructive force
251
examples of destructive forces
theia collides with earth
the glacier eroded the valley sides widening the area of the earth
lunar crust collapses forming a surface trench on the moon
erosion on the outside of a river
oceanic plate subducts under continental plate
252
what kind of force happens when theia collides with earth
destructive force
253
what kind of force happened when the glacier eroded the valley sides widening the area of the earth
destructive force
254
what kind of force happens when lunar crust collapses forming a surface trench on the moon
destructive force
255
what kind of force happens during erosion on the outside of a river
destructive force
256
what kind of force happens when oceanic plate subducts under continental plate
destructive force
257
___ collides with earth
theia
258
theia ___ with earth
collides
259
theia collides with ___
earth
260
the ___ eroded the valley sides widening the area of the earth
glacier
261
the glacier ___ the valley sides widening the area of the earth
eroded
262
the glacier eroded the ___ widening the area of the earth
valley sides
263
the glacier eroded the valley sides ___ the area of the earth
widening
264
the glacier eroded the valley sides widening the ___ of the earth
area
265
the glacier eroded the valley sides widening the area of the ___
earth
266
___ collapses forming a surface trench on the moon
lunar crust
267
lunar crust ___ forming a surface trench on the moon
collapses
268
lunar crust collapses ___ a surface trench on the moon
forming
269
lunar crust collapses forming a ___ on the moon
surface trench
270
lunar crust collapses forming a surface trench on the ___
moon
271
___ subduct under continental plates
oceanic plates
272
oceanic plates ___ under continental plates
subduct
273
oceanic plates subduct under ___
continental plates
274
___ surfaces have more craters
older
275
older surfaces have ___ craters
more
276
older surfaces have more ___
craters
277
___ of arctic ice will allow the ocean to absorb more heat
reduction
278
reduction of ___ will allow the ocean to absorb more heat
arctic ice
279
reduction of arctic ice will allow the ___ to absorb more heat
ocean
280
reduction of arctic ice will allow the ocean to ___ more heat
absorb
281
reduction of arctic ice will allow the ocean to absorb ___ heat
more
282
reduction of arctic ice will allow the ocean to absorb more ___
heat
283
___ air will lower pressure and cause the arctic to heat up
warm
284
warm air will ___ pressure and cause the arctic to heat up
lower
285
warm ___ will lower pressure and cause the arctic to heat up
air
286
warm air will lower ___ and cause the arctic to heat up
pressure
287
warm air will lower pressure and cause the arctic to ___
heat up
288
what kind of tectonic plate interaction is happening at tectonic interaction a
divergence
289
what kind of tectonic plate interaction is happening at tectonic interaction b
convergence
290
what should you make sure to have during an emergency evacuation
radio
flashlight
food
freshwater
291
what is a radio, flashlight, food, and freshwater needed for
emergency evacuations
292
rate of ___ is equal to rate of revolution
rotation
293
rate of rotation is ___ to rate of revolution
equal
294
rate of rotation is equal to rate of ___
revolution
295
the distance of ___ is longer than the distance of perihelion
aphelion
296
the distance of aphelion is ___ than the distance of perihelionp
longer
297
the distance of aphelion is longer than the distance of ___
perihelion
298
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: june 21
2
299
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: march 21
1
300
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: september 23
3
301
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: december 21
4
302
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: summer solstice
2
303
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: winter solstice
4
304
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: spring equinox
1
305
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: autumnal equinox
3
306
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: greatest angle of insolation
2
307
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: greatest intensity or insolation
2
308
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: greatest duration of insolation
2
309
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: least angle of insolation
4
310
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: least intensity of insolation
4
311
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: least duration of insolation
4
312
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: sun at zenith at tropic of cancer
2
313
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: sun at zenith at equator
1, 3
314
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: sun at zenith at tropic of capricorn
4
315
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: earth is closest to sun
4
316
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: earth is farthest from sun
2
317
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: longest noontime shadow
4
318
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: shortest noontime shadow
2
319
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: longest day
2
320
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: shortest day
4
321
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: 12 hours of both light and dark
1, 3
322
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: southern hemisphere winter
2
323
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: southern hemisphere summer
4
324
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: southern hemisphere fall
1
325
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: southern hemisphere spring
3
326
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: high kinetic energy
2
327
write the number(s) of the appropriate position: low kinetic energy
4
328
what is potential energy
energy at rest
329
what is energy at rest
potential energy
330
___: gravity is the greatest, high kinetic energy, moving fast
perihelion
331
perihelion: ___ is the greatest, high kinetic energy, moving fast
gravity
332
perihelion: gravity is the ___, high kinetic energy, moving fast
greatest
333
perihelion: gravity is the greatest, ___ kinetic energy, moving fast
high
334
perihelion: gravity is the greatest, high ___ energy, moving fast
kinetic
335
perihelion: gravity is the greatest, high kinetic ___, moving fast
energy
336
perihelion: gravity is the greatest, high kinetic energy, ___ fast
moving
337
perihelion: gravity is the greatest, high kinetic energy, moving ___
fast
338
___: moving the slowest, low kinetic energy
aphelion
339
aphelion: ___ the slowest, low kinetic energy
moving
340
aphelion: moving the ___, low kinetic energy
slowest
341
aphelion: moving the slowest, ___ kinetic energy
low
342
aphelion: moving the slowest, low ___ energy
kenetic
343
aphelion: moving the slowest, low kinetic ___
energy
344
what direction does the sun rise in summer
northeast
345
what direction does the sun rise in winter
southeast
346
what direction does the sun rise in fall/spring
east
347
how long is the sun out in fall/spring
12 hours
348
how long is the sun out in winter
9 hours
349
how long is the sun out in summer
15 hours
350
what direction do you look to see the noon time sun
south
351
what direction do you look to see polaris
north
352
from sunrise to noon, what happens to the length of a shadow
it decreases
353
from noon to sunset, what happens to the length of a shadow
it increases
354
from sunrise to noon, what happens to the angle of insolation and intensity of insolation
it increases
355
from noon to sunset, what happens to the angle of insolation and intensity of insolation
it decreases
356
what season does the sun have the greatest insolation
summer
357
what season does the sun have the least insolation
winter
358
does the sun ever reach the zenith of nys
no
359
what direction does the sun set during winter
southwest
360
what direction does the sun set during fall/spring
west
361
what direction does the sun set during summer
northwest
362
does the sun physically move across the sky? explain.
no, the earth rotates on its axis
363
from season to season, how many degrees does the noon time sun shift in the sky
23
364
why is it so cold in ny during winter
there is a low angle of insolation
365
why is is so hot in ny during summer
there is a high angle of insolation
366
why does the sun shift its position along the horizon with the changing seasons
it revolves around the sun
367
on the shadow diagram, what letter represents south
a
