Earth Features in Two Dimensions

Question 1

It is a type of map used by geologists, engineers and geographers

Answer 1

Topographic map

Question 2

A topographic map represents the Earth’s surface in …

Answer 2

horizontal and vertical distance

Question 3

• or vertical distance is depicted as *

Answer 3

elevation

contour lines

Question 4

These are continuous lines that connect points of equal elevation above or below a reference plane on the Earth’s surface

Answer 4

contour lines

Question 5

It is called the reference plane

Answer 5

datum

Question 6

Elevations are measured for topographic maps through reference plane. What is the reference plane/datum?

Answer 6

mean (average) sea level

Question 7

The datum and contour interval are usually declared in the lower central margin of the map
(Datum = mean sea level)

Answer 7

pass

Question 8

It defines the vertical difference in the elevation or depth between nearby contour lines and is constant for a given topographic map.

Answer 8

contour interval (CI)

Question 9

Contour interval defines the * between nearby contour lines

Answer 9

vertical difference in the elevation or depth

Question 10

Lines printed thicker than the normal contour line

Answer 10

Index

Question 11

Reference points called * represent * points of elevation

Answer 11

bench marks (BM)
known

Question 12

The difference in elevation between two points on a topographic map

Answer 12

relief

Question 13

Difference between the highest and lowest points on a map

Answer 13

total relief

Question 14

Distance in elevation between two specific points

Answer 14

local relief

Question 15

The relief divided by the distance between two particular points gives the * between those points

Answer 15

slope or gradient

Question 16

It is the rise over run between the given points

Answer 16

slope or gradient

Question 17

How is a topographic map constructed?

Answer 17

A topographic map is constructed by measuring elevations in the field and plotting these using their corresponding coordinates.

Question 18

Between points of known measurements, elevations are * and contour lines are drawn to separate elevations greater or less than the represented value

Answer 18

*interpolated (estimated)

Question 19

It is the easiest method of interpolation wherein it assumed that the gradient between two points is uniform; that is the distance between two points is measured and the units between them are equally distributed

Answer 19

linear interpolation

Question 20

Steep slopes are shown by * contours, while gentle slopes are relatively *. * contour lines represent uniform slope.

Answer 20

closely spaced,
wider-spaced,
Evenly spaced

Question 21

• slopes are shown by closely spaced contours, while * slopes are relatively wider-spaced. Evenly spaced contour lines represent * slope.

Answer 21

Steep, gentle, uniform

Question 22

Contour lines never cross, except to show an * where the * contours are dashed. Contour lines can also * to form a single line along a *.

Answer 22

overhanging cliff, hidden

merge, vertical cliff face

Question 23

Contour lines never *, except to shown an where the hidden contours are * . Contour lines can also merge to form a * along a vertical cliff face.

Answer 23

cross, dashed, single line

Question 24

Hills, mountains and volcanoes are generally represented by a * of *. A concentric series of closed contours with * on the downhill side represents a closed depression

Answer 24

concentric series, closed contour lines

hachure marks

Question 25

* are generally represented by a concentric series of closed contour lines. A concentric series of closed contours with hachure marks on the downhill side represents a *

Answer 25

Hills, mountains and volcanoes | closed depression

Question 26

When contour lines cross * channels, they form a 'V' that points *. Contours that occur on * side of ridges and valleys are always *.

Answer 26

streams or dry stream upstream opposite, paired

Question 27

When contour lines * streams or dry stream channels, they form a '*' that points upstream. Contours that occur on opposite side of * are always paired.

Answer 27

cross, V | ridges and valleys

Question 28

A difference in horizontal and vertical scales causes a *. This is almost always necessary in the construction of a readable profile, because without vertical exaggeration, the profile may be so * that only the highest peaks are *

Answer 28

``` vertical exaggeration (VE) shallow, visible ```

Question 29

A * causes a vertical exaggeration (VE). This is almost always necessary in the construction of a readable profile, because without vertical exaggeration, the profile may be so shallow that only the * are visible

Answer 29

difference in horizontal and vertical scales | highest peaks

Question 30

Vertical exaggeration formula If you have a vertical exaggeration of 3, it indicates the relief shown on the profile is 3 times * than the true relief.. This makes the slopes on the profile 3 times * than the corresponding slopes in "real life"

Answer 30

fractional vertical scale/fractional horizontal scale | greater, steeper