Earth Forms

Question 1

• Floor of Atlantic ocean (Iceland - Antarctica)

- Divergent

Answer 1

Mid-Atlantic Belt

Question 2

• Mediterranean, Himalayas

- Convergent

Answer 2

Mid-Continental Belt

Question 3

• Covers pacific ring of fire
• 75% of world’s volcanoes
• Transform and Convergent

Answer 3

Pacific ring of fire

Question 4

-Region where high levels of volcanic activity occurs

Answer 4

Volcanic Belts

Question 5

Region with great mountain ranges

• Are located along plate boundaries where collision of plates occur
• Concentrated in Circum-Pacific belt

Answer 5

Mountain Ranges

Question 6

• Global distribution of ____ occurence
• Commonly along plate boundaries
• Pacific ring of fire 70%
• Mid-Continental belt 20%
• Mid-Atlantic Ridge 10%

Answer 6

Earthquake belt

Question 7

Where do plates interact that produce geographical features and activities on Earth

Answer 7

plate boundaries

Question 8

_____ crust is less dense than _____ crust

Answer 8

Continental ; Oceanic

Question 9

• Floats higher on the mantle

- 15 to 20 moving tectonic plates

Answer 9

Continental crust

Question 10

Plates move ____with respect to each other

Answer 10

slowly

Question 11

• 2 plates MOVING APART causing them to separate
• Effect: new crust if formed
• Result: Mid-oceanic ridge and rift valleys

Answer 11

Divergent

Question 12

• Plates move TOWARDS each other

- Effect: Subduction, folding

Answer 12

Convergent

Question 13

• Convergent

- Results: Volcanoes along subduction zones, Mountain ranges (Andes)

Answer 13

Oceanic: Continental Plates

Question 14

• Convergent

- Results: Island arcs (Japan) and Ocean Trenches (Mariana Trench)

Answer 14

Oceanic: Oceanic Plates

Question 15

• Convergent

- Results: Large mountain chains (Himalayas and Alps)

Answer 15

Continental: Continental Plates

Question 16

• 2 plates slide horizontally past each other, in opposite directions
• Results: Strike-slip faults (San Andreas) and Earthquakes

Answer 16

Transform Plate Boundary

Question 17

-Geological activities that do not happen along plate boundaries but within tectonic plates

Answer 17

Intraplate Activity

Question 18

-Small rising column of hot plastic mantle rock

Answer 18

Mantle plume

Question 19

-A spot of high pressure and hot molten magma underneath that gives rise to volcanoes

Answer 19

Hot spot

Question 20

Internal Structure of Earth

Answer 20

Outer: liquid
Inner: Solid
Composition: Fe and Ni

Question 21

• Composition mostly silicates (Si and O)

- Convection current is present

Answer 21

Mantle

Question 22

• Composition: rocks and minerals
• Continental: low density
• Oceanic: high density

Answer 22

Crust

Question 23

• Solid: rigid, and elastic layer (upper mantle and crust)
• Carry both continental and oceanic crust
• Floats on Asthenosphere and slides horizontally over it or bends slightly
• Moves at slow rate
• Internal structure of earth

Answer 23

Lithosphere

Question 24

• Highly viscous, high pressure and high temperature

- Internal structure of earth

Answer 24

Asthenosphere

Question 25

- Lithosphere = crust + upper mantle - Floats on top of asthenosphere - Types: continental and oceanic

Answer 25

Continental drift theory

Question 26

- Said that continents were once one large landmass - Broke into 2 smaller supercontinents, then into continents - Evidence: continental jigsaw puzzle

Answer 26

Alfred Wegener ; Continental Drift theory

Question 27

- Hot, less dense material from below the earth's crust rises - Creates a crack in the crust - Magma flows out of the crack, cools down and becomes the new seafloor

Answer 27

Harry Hess ; Seafloor Spreading Theory

Question 28

- 7 major plates - Plates move at a rate of 1-16 cm/year - Movement: convergent, divergent and transform - Mechanism: convection current

Answer 28

Plate Tectonics theory

Question 29

- Hot magma flows out of the mantle and cools down to form the new ocean curst (divergent) - Plate Tectonic theory

Answer 29

UP

Question 30

- The downward movement of the convection current pulls the tectonic plate downward (convergent; subduction) - Plate Tectonic theory

Answer 30

DOWN

Question 31

Evidence Supporting plate movements

Answer 31

Continental fit, Similarities between rock layers and mountain ranges, Fossils on rocks of the same age and widely distributed, Glacial Evidence, Coral reefs and seafloor magnetic stripes