Earth In Action Flashcards by James Atkins

By 2100 what is the temp inc range?

0.3-4.8

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

By 2100 range of sea level rise?

26-82cm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Open system

Flows of energy and matter in and out

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Closed system

Flow of energy in and out

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Earth systems energy sources

Main: Sun
Reflection from moon
Extraterrestrial material
Gravity
Radioactivity
Chemical sources

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Features of pos feedback

Virtuous/vicious

Reinforcement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Features of neg feedback

Self regulating

Dampening down of original signal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When was b2 started

Sept 91

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many in b2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

B2 what went wrong

O decline microbes in soil

Not used by plants as reacted w calcium hydro in concrete

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Co2 and calcium hydro=

Calcium carbonate and water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How much more calcium carbonate inside b2

10x

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

B2 how many small invertibrates died

19/25

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many insects died out b2

Almost all

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Issue with b2 insects dying

Pollinating insects died

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What species thrived in b2

Crazy ants
Cockroaches
Katydids
Vines (MG)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After how long was o pumped into b2

18 months

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Other issues b2

Water too many nutrients

Do nitrate oxide=b12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1st law of thermodynamics

E not created or destroyed

Transferred

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2nd law of thermodynamics

E trans won’t occur unless degradation

Pe to ke

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Autotrophs

Primary producer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heterotroph

Consumers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why can e loss be in small food chains

20-90%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Average solar energy received at atmosphere top

2.63x10^6

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Planetary albedo %

% of solar radiation absorbed and re radiated

Distance earth to sun

150m km

Time for solar radiation

8.3 mins

Diurnal variation

Dawn is low angle, larger spread | Midday is max vert intensity smaller area

What causes seasonal variation in insole toon

Changing axial tilt | Eccentricity of orbit

Define eccentricity

How circular the earths orbit path is (0.0167)

Variation in seasonal insulation

+- 3.5%

``` Albedo of: Trop rain forest Woodland Farm crop Grassland ```

13 16-18 15-26 25

Effect of high albedo on photo

Decreases light avaloability

3 major biochemical pathways for photosynthesis

C3 C4 CAM

C3 plants during day

Co2 in Water out Thru stomata

Role of rubisco

Fix c to rubp

Why is c3 photo inefficient

Co2 conf in chloro low | Signif portion of co2 released in photoresp

Typical c3 plant

Scots pine pinus sylvesteis

What plants use c3

Almost all trees Most shrubs Most cool climate herbs Most cultivated plants

C3 plants adapted to

High co2 Low temp Low moisture stress

When did c4 plants first come abundant

7m years ago | Miocene

Why did c4 plants evolve

Falling global co2 level | Increased aridity

C4 photo

Co2 in Fixed in mesophyll cells to 4C Transported to chloro in centre of leaf within vascular bundles Completed by rubisco

How does c4 explain low light conc

Decarboxylation of 4c creates higher co2 in photosynthetic cells

What does pre conc mechanism eliminate in c4

Photoresp

C3 or c4 more efficient w co2?

C3 | As larger co2 enrichment

C4 plants lose less?

Water thru stomata

Typical c4 plant

Maize

Which plants use c4

Most Savanna grasses and sedges | Some warm climate shrubs n herbs

Open oceans are biological deserts bc?

``` Low: Nitrate Phosphate Iron Silicate ```

Marine product is High where?

Estuaries n adjacent to coasts (river run off) Coastal and equatorial upwelling zones (vertical circ)

Examples of coast w high marine prod

Peruvian and Californian

Coastal upwelling in California why productive

Wind blows south Coriolis deflection= water moves at R angles to wind (away from coast) Replaced by upwelling (butrients) High productivity

Why is there large variable in primary prod globally

Photosynthesis limited | Low nutrient, moisture or thermal stress in desert and open ocean

Most productive primary prod

``` Coral reef Kelp beds Freshwater swamps Trip rain for (Can exceed agriculture) ```

Ecosystem

Open system of plants, animals and their env

Biomes

Major ecological comm ext. over large areas where Dom plants have similar physiognomy Strongly related to regional climate

Law of minimum

Productivity of ecosystem contr by/ prop to growth factor w is in shortest supply Smallest supply is limiting factor

Plant pattern depends on

Plants range of tolerance of env grad | Intraspecific comp

Ecological niche determine by

Funct role | Position along env grad

Worldwide veg distr mostly controlled by

Climatic factors

Macro climates controlled by

Latitude Continental pos Elevation

Factors effecting macro climates represented by

``` Changes in: Thermal Moisture Orographic (Limits for all) ```

Isotherm

Line w connect points of equal temp on weather maps

10 degree isotherm is

Limit of tree growth | Temperate

18 degree isotherm

Boundary of tropics | Winterless

What determines what type of plants can grow/ survive

Temp | Precip

Climatic dia: Precip curve below temp curve

Month is dry

Glacial refugia

Where trees survived during ice ages

Earth In Action Flashcards

(70 cards)