Earth Layers/Plate Tectonics/Seismic Activity

Question 1

What are the layers of the earth in order?

Answer 1

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 2

What is the continental crust mostly made of?

Answer 2

Granite

Question 3

Which is thicker, the continental crust or the oceanic crust?

Answer 3

Continental crust

Question 4

How much of the earth’s surface does the continental crust make up?

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

What is the oceanic crust made of?

Answer 5

Basalt

Question 6

How much of the earth’s surface does the oceanic crust make up?

Answer 6

75%

Question 7

What is the thickest layer of the earth?

Answer 7

The mantle

Question 8

How much of earths volume is the mantle?

Answer 8

82%

Question 9

The upper mantle is part of what?

Answer 9

The lithosphere

Question 10

Where is the athenosphere located?

Answer 10

The middle mantle

Question 11

How many miles thick is the outer core?

Answer 11

1400 miles

Question 12

What is the outer core made of?

Answer 12

Nickel and iron

Question 13

The flow of the inner core creates earths ________ field

Answer 13

Magnetic

Question 14

The inner core of the earth has extremely high _____ and _____

Answer 14

Temperatures and pressure

Question 15

The inner core is made of

Answer 15

Nickel and iron

Question 16

The inner core makes up how much of the earths mass?

Answer 16

1/3

Question 17

What are plate tectonics?

Answer 17

The earths crust is made of 12 different plates moved in various directions

Question 18

Tectonic plates are made of what?

Answer 18

The lithosphere

Question 19

The plates of lithosphere are moved around by the underlying hot mantle convection cells in the ______

Answer 19

Athenosphere

Question 20

In what 3 ways do tectonic plates move? 

Answer 20

Divergent, convergent and transform plate boundaries

Question 21

Divergent plates move away or towards each other?

Answer 21

Away

Question 22

Example of divergent plate boundary?

Answer 22

Iceland

Question 23

Convergent plate boundaries move away or towards each other?

Answer 23

Toward

Question 24

Example of a convergent boundary?

Answer 24

Cascade mountains

Question 25

Transform plate boundaries move how?

Answer 25

They move past each other

Question 26

Example of a transform plate boundary 

Answer 26

San Andreas Fault

Question 27

What are subduction zones?

Answer 27

When the oceanic crust sinks into the mantle beneath continental crust melting the rock

Question 28

What are earthquakes?

Answer 28

When two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another

Question 29

What causes earthquakes

Answer 29

When tectonic plates slip past one another

Question 30

What is the Fault?

Answer 30

The surface where the tectonic plates move past each other

Question 31

What is the hypocenter?

Answer 31

The location BELOW the earths surface where the earthquake starts

Question 32

What is the epicenter?

Answer 32

The location directly above where the earthquake happens ON the surface of the earth

Question 33

What are foreshocks?

Answer 33

Smaller earthquakes that happen BEFORE the larger earthquake

Question 34

What are aftershocks?

Answer 34

Smaller earthquakes that happen AFTER the main shock

Question 35

What is the main shock?

Answer 35

The largest, main earthquake

Question 36

What is a tsunami?

Answer 36

A sea wave that is formed when large amounts of sea floor move

Question 37

What causes a tsunami?

Answer 37

Water displacement such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides

Question 38

What are the signs of a tsunami?

Answer 38

Hard ground shaking, a sudden sea level withdrawal, or they can cause loud booming noises.

Question 39

How big are tsunamis?

Answer 39

Over a hundred feet to 1,720 feet high

Question 40

Is a tsunami in a rogue, wave the same thing? 

Answer 40

No

Question 41

What is a mega tsunami? 

Answer 41

A very large wave created by a large sudden displacement of material into a body of water

Question 42

What is a volcano?

Answer 42

A vent or opening in the earths surface which molten rock, gasses and ash erupt

Question 43

How are volcanoes formed? 

Answer 43

When magma works its way to the surface and erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits

Question 44

What are the different stages of volcanoes? 

Answer 44

Active, dormant, and extinct

Question 45

Example of an active volcano

Answer 45

Mount Vesuvius in Italy

Question 46

Example of a dormant volcano

Answer 46

Mount Fuji in Japan

Question 47

Why do volcanoes erupt? 

Answer 47

When gas bubbles inside magma expand and cause pressure to build up

Question 48

What are cinder cones?

Answer 48

Circular oval cones made up of small fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown into the air

Question 49

What are composite volcanoes?

Answer 49

Steep sized volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rock

Question 50

What is an example of a cinder cone?

Answer 50

Paricutin

Question 51

What is an example of a composite volcano?

Answer 51

Mount Rainier

Question 52

What are shield volcanoes?

Answer 52

Shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes

Question 53

Example of a shield volcano?

Answer 53

Mount Kilauea

Question 54

What is Lahar?

Answer 54

Type of mudflow composed of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.

Question 55

Why is Lahar so dangerous? 

Answer 55

Because it is liquid and when it stops moving it solidifies