Earth, Rock, Quake, Volcano

Question 1

This part of earth is 1800 miles (2900 km) below on earth’s surface.
- with elements iron and nickel

Answer 1

Core

Question 2

center of earth

-solid and about 780 miles (1250 km) thick

Answer 2

inner core

Question 3

• hot and metals are molten and about 1370 miles (2200 km) thick
• spins around inner core that causes earths’ magnetism

Answer 3

outer core

Question 4

begins 6 miles (10km) below oceanic crust and about 19 miles (30 km) below continental crust
- 1800 miles (2900 km) thick and made up nearly 80% of earth’s weight

Answer 4

mantle

Question 5

earth’s hard outer shell

Answer 5

crust

Question 6

4-7 miles (6-11 km) thick and consist of heavy rocks, like basalt

Answer 6

oceanic crust

Question 7

19 miles (30 km) thick and made up of light materials, like granite

Answer 7

continental crust

Question 8

consist of nine large plates and twelve smaller ones

Answer 8

lithosphere

Question 9

drift of plates across the surface of the earth

Answer 9

continental drift theory

Question 10

plates pull apart, hot molten rock (fluid magma) emerges as lava and so new matter is added to the plates (this is how oceanic plates formed)

Answer 10

diverging plates

Question 11

where diverging plates happens and is about 4920ft (1500m) high
-areas of much volcanic and earthquake activity

Answer 11

mid-ocean ridges

Question 12

huge plates of earth’s surface are slowly moving together with unimaginable force

Answer 12

converging plates

Question 13

happens when one tectonic plate bends beneath the other

Answer 13

subduction

Question 14

volcanic activity under the sea causes mag,a from beneath the crust rise to the surface, forming a very long ridge along the middle of the ocean separating large continents

Answer 14

seafloor spreading

Question 15

process which involves movements of earth’s ncrust such that a portion is pushed up, down or forced sideways

Answer 15

diastrophism

Question 16

process when the sideward forces acting on rocks deform rocks into wavelike folds after tilting, bending and wrinkling

Answer 16

folding

Question 17

sliding or moving over of rock layers over on another along the break or fracture,may occur vertical or horizontal

Answer 17

faulting

Question 18

gap in the earth where molten rock and other materials come to the surface of earth

Answer 18

volcano

Question 19

volcanoes that likely to erupt at any moment

Answer 19

active

Question 20

volcanoes that lie dormant for centuries, but then erupt sudden
y and violently

Answer 20

dormant

Question 21

volcanoes that no longer likely to erupt

Answer 21

extinct

Question 22

broad, shallow volcanic cone, which arises because the running lava, which is fluid and hot, cools slowly

Answer 22

shield volcano

Question 23

has a steep, convex slope from thick fast cooling lava

Answer 23

dome volcano

Question 24

throws out lava and much ash in the air. built up from layers of volcanic ash and cinder

Answer 24

ash-cinder volcano

Question 25

built up from layers of lava and ash, but with many little craters on its slope

Answer 25

composite volcano

Question 26

old volcano with large crater at about 61 miles (100km) wide

Answer 26

caldera volcano

Question 27

focus or source of earthquake

Answer 27

hypocenter

Question 28

above the focus of earthquake

Answer 28

epicenter

Question 29

earthquakes that is 0-43 miles (0-70 km) below ground

Answer 29

shallow

Question 30

earthquakes that is 43-186 miles (70-300km) below ground

Answer 30

intermediate

Question 31

earthquakes that is deeper than 186miles (300 km) below ground

Answer 31

deep

Question 32

formed when magma from within the earth cools and solidifies, like granite, basalt, obsidian

Answer 32

ingeneous rocks

Question 33

igneous that solidify beneath earth

Answer 33

intrusive

Question 34

igneous that solidify in the surface

Answer 34

extrusive

Question 35

rocks formed from sediments, like limestone,sandstone, shale

Answer 35

sedimentary rock

Question 36

sedimentary or igneous rocks that have been transformed by heat, pressure or both, like schist,marble, slate

Answer 36

metamorphic rock

Question 37

breaking down of rocks by physical or chemical means giving rise to sediments or other rock fragments

Answer 37

weathering

Question 38

weathering that water expands when it freezes

Answer 38

frost wedging

Question 39

weathering that breaks off into leaves or sheets along joints which parallel the ground surface; unloading

Answer 39

exfoliation

Question 40

weathering that repeated daily heating and cooling of rock

Answer 40

thermal expansion

Question 41

rocks reacts with water, gases and solutions (may be acidic); will add or remove elements from minerals

Answer 41

chemical weathering

Question 42

common minerals that dissolve in water : halite, calcite

Answer 42

dissolution or solution

Question 43

contain calcite and soluble in acidic water

Answer 43

limestone and marble

Question 44

cave formations

Answer 44

speleothems

Question 45

travertine that hang from ceiling

Answer 45

stalactites

Question 46

travertine thats on the ground

Answer 46

stalagmites

Question 47

forms on limestone terrain and characterized ves, sinkholes, springs, disappearing streams

Answer 47

krast topography

Question 48

oxygen combines with iron- bearing silicate minerals causing rusting

Answer 48

oxidation

Question 49

organisms that assist in breaking down rock into sediment or soil, like : roots, lichens, fungi, animals

Answer 49

biological wetahering

Question 50

rock fragments and sediments are carried along by such agents as wind and running water

Answer 50

erosion

Question 51

rock fragments and sediments are carried by agents of erosion are dropped or deposited in other places

Answer 51

deposition

Question 52

rock fragments and other minerals that accumulated, usually at bottom of thick column of water,get cemented together and harden into rock

Answer 52

compacting

Question 53

change in constitution of rock brought about by pressure, heat and chemical action resulting in a more compact and highly crystalline condition of rock

Answer 53

metamorphism

Question 54

solid, inorganic substances in earth - building block of rocks - like gold, silver, limestone, clay, quartz

Answer 54

minerals

Question 55

minerals or pearls that have been cut or polished

Answer 55

gems

Question 56

most valuable gems, like diamonds, rubies, emerald

Answer 56

precious stones