EARTH'S FORMATION

Question 1

Geology definition

Answer 1

the study of earth (interior and exterior), minerals and rock and the surface processes acting over the vastness of geological time

Question 2

Horizontality

Answer 2

sediments are deposited horizontally because of gravity
 Folding happens later stressed imposed on layers

Question 3

superposition

Answer 3

youngest towards the top and oldest at the bottom if not disturbed

Question 4

cross cutting relationship

Answer 4

intrusions are younger than rocks they cut through

Question 5

lateral continuity

Answer 5

layers are continuous until encountered solid bodies that block deposition

Question 6

explanation for the formation of our universe

Answer 6

catastrophism
uniformitarianism

Question 7

catastophism

Answer 7

sudden catastrophe
earth is a few thousand years old

Question 8

o Uniformitarianism

Answer 8

• todays physical processes happened throughout geological time
   Landforms change over long time

Question 9

Ka

Answer 9

(kilo anum) = 100 years

Question 10

Ma

Answer 10

(mega anum) = 1,000,000 years

Question 11

o Ga

Answer 11

giga anum) = 1, 000,000,000 years

Question 12

• Nebular theory

Answer 12

o Nebula is compressed due to gravity, overcoming gas pressure
o Gravity pulls articles close together raising the temp- cloud collapses and flattens into accretionary disk and rotate
o Dust particles stick together and form planetesimals
o Largest planetesimals in each orbit continue to grow to become protoplanets

Question 13

o Universe

Answer 13

all existing matter and space; the cosmos

Question 14

o Galaxy

Answer 14

: gravitationally bound system of stars, interstellar gas and matter

Question 15

o Solar system

Answer 15

gravitationally bound system of a star and all objects that orbit it

Question 16

order of the nucleosyntheses

Answer 16

big bang nucleosyntheses
stelar nucleosyntheses
supernova nucleosyntheses

Question 17

o Big bang nucleosynthesis

Answer 17

 First few minutes after big bang
 Lightest element (h, He, Li) created
 Earths age found by: radiometric dating (half life)

Question 18

o Stelar nucleosynthesis

Answer 18

 During the lifetime of stars
 Heaver elements between Li and Fe created

Question 19

o Supernova nucleosynthesis

Answer 19

 Death of stars
 Elements heavier than Fe created

Question 20

terrestrial planets

Answer 20

 formed from rocky material and meager atmosphere because it was too hot for the gases to remain
 metal core surrounded by rock
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Question 21

Jovian/ ice planets

Answer 21

 able to collect larger amounts of gases and ices to form very thick atmospheres in the cooler outer reaches of the forming solar system, has ring systems
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Question 22

gas giants

Answer 22

Jupiter and Saturn
mainly H and He with rock/ice core

Question 23

 mercury

Answer 23

• smallest, closest to the sun, hot intense solar winds, no atmosphere
• no detectable atmosphere, -173- 429C, surface has lava plains and cratered

Question 24

 Venus-

Answer 24

• similar to earths diameter, volcanic landforms, complex mountainous areas, greenhouse planet, tiny water, dense atmosphere

Question 25

 earth

Answer 25

• active plate tectonics, liquid water at surface, nitrogen and oxygen dominated atmosphere

Question 26

mars

Answer 26

• active plate tectonics, liquid water at surface, nitrogen and oxygen dominated atmosphere

Question 27

ice giants

Answer 27

Uranus and Neptune
water, ice, ammonia ice, methane ice and rocky core

Question 28

Jupiter

Answer 28

o Largest planet, H and He, no solid surface, bands and stroms “great red spot”

Question 29

Saturn

Answer 29

o Prominent ring system (icy particles, dust and boudlers), metallic hydrogen layer giving a magnetic field, ammonia in the atmosphere= yellow

Question 30

Uranus

Answer 30

o H, He, H2O, ammonia and methane, coldest, tilted axis of rotation

Question 31

Neptune

Answer 31

o Active visible weather patterns

Question 32

planet requirements

Answer 32

 orbit a star
 big enough for spherical shape due to gravity
 big enough that its gravity cleared away any other objects of a similar size near its orbit around the sun