earth sci

Question 1

Formed, located or occurring beneath the surface of the earth.

Answer 1

ENDOGENIC PROCESSES

Question 2

When the land is shaped by ____________ ____________we call this ENDOGENIC PROCESSES.

Answer 2

Endogenic Forces

Question 3

Main Endogenic Processes

Answer 3

FOLDING & FAULTING

Question 4

cause many major landform features

Answer 4

ENDOGENIC PROCESS

Question 5

When two forces push towards each other from opposite sides, the rock layers will bend into folds

Answer 5

Folding

Question 6

The process by which folds are formed are due to compressional forces known as

Answer 6

Folding

Question 7

are found mainly along destructive plate boundaries.

Answer 7

Large Scale Folds

Question 8

is the fracturing and displacement of more brittle rock strata along a fault plane either caused by tension or compression.

Answer 8

Faulting

Question 9

A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock movement has occurred is called a

Answer 9

Fault

Question 10

The line of fault which appears on land surface is known as

Answer 10

Fault Line

Question 11

three types of fault

Answer 11

1. Normal fault (Convergence)
2. Reverse fault (Divergence)
3. Tear fault (Transform)

Question 12

Faulting forms two major landforms

Answer 12

block mountains and rift valleys

Question 13

formed when large blocks of the Earth’s crust are uplifted and tilted with a fault line. This creates steep slopes on one side of the block and gentler slopes on the other side.

Answer 13

Block Mountains

Question 14

lowland region that forms where Earth’s tectonic plates move apart, or rift.

Answer 14

Rift Valley

Question 15

are Endogenic Processes that are subsequent to the main ones.

Answer 15

1. Volcanism (Volcanic Activity)
2. Metamorphism
3. Earthquake (Seismic Activity)

Question 16

Magma beneath the crust is under very great pressure. When folding faulting occur, cracks or fractures which are lines of weakness are created

Answer 16

Volcanism

Question 17

two types of Volcanism

Answer 17

1. Intrusive volcanism
2. Extrusive volcanism

Question 18

iswhen magma is forced into the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust. When it cools and become solid while still underground, different features called plutons are formed. The rock formed is intrusive igneous rock

Answer 18

Intrusive volcanism

Question 19

landforms arethe result of magma coming from deep within the earth to the surface, where it cools as lava. This can happen explosively or slowly, depending on the chemical composition of the lava and whether there is an easy path for it to take to the surface.

Answer 19

Extrusive volcanism

Question 20

is an endogenic process which occurs when there is pressure and heat applied to geologic structures
which leads to the formation of Metamorphic Rocks.

Answer 20

Metamorphism

Question 21

is a sudden shaking or vibration in the earth’s crust.

Answer 21

Earthquake or (Seismic Activity)

Question 22

Refers to activities or phenomena that occur on the Earth’s surface.

Answer 22

EXOGENIC PROCESSES

Question 23

TYPES OF EXOGENIC PROCESSES

Answer 23

1. WEATHERING
2. EROSION
3. MASS WASTING
4. SEDIMENTATION

Question 24

The process that breaks down rock into smaller pieces

Answer 24

WEATHERING

Question 25

happens when rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

Answer 25

physical weathering

Question 26

FACTORS THAT AFFECT PHYSICAL WEATHERING

Answer 26

1. ICE WEDGING 2. RELEASE OF PRESSURE 3. GROWTH OF PLANTS 4. ANIMALS 5. ABRASION

Question 27

is the process of breaking down rock through chemical changes

Answer 27

chemical weathering

Question 28

FACTORS THAT AFFECT CHEMICAL WEATHERING

Answer 28

1. WATER 2. OXYGEN 3. CARBON DIOXIDE 4. LIVING ORGANISMS 5. ACID RAIN

Question 29

rock particles that get carried by wind , water ice an gravity

Answer 29

Erosion

Question 30

When weathered rock remains in place and remains in its pure state.

Answer 30

Regolith

Question 31

When weathered material is removed from the site of weathering.

Answer 31

Sediment

Question 32

It is the main agent of erosion

Answer 32

Moving Water

Question 33

became one of the causes of erosion.

Answer 33

People

Question 34

Weathered rock material will be removed from its original site and transported away by a natural agent

Answer 34

Weathering and Erosion

Question 35

type of mass wasting that results in the sliding of coherent rock materials along a curved surface

Answer 35

Slump

Question 36

the slow downhillthe fall of soil

Answer 36

solifluction

Question 37

is a downslope viscous flow of fine-grained materials that have been saturated water and moves under the pull of gravity.

Answer 37

earthflow

Question 38

occurs when mud travels down a slope very quickly

Answer 38

mudflow

Question 39

is a type of slide characterized by the chaotic movement of rocks, soil, and debris mixed with water and/or ice.

Answer 39

Debris Slide

Question 40

moving mass of loose mud, sand, soil, rock, water and air that travels down a slope under the influence of gravity

Answer 40

Debris Flow

Question 41

occurs when pieces of rock break loose from a steep rock face or cliff.

Answer 41

Rock flow

Question 42

slow, gradual movement of soil or regolith downhill over time

Answer 42

soil creep

Question 43

observed and presupposed that the shapes of the continents on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean seem to connect to each other

Answer 43

Abraham Ortelius

Question 44

developed the concept of and hypothesized the continental drift theory. He claimed that Earth used to have only one supergiant land mass where all the continents came from (see figure 3.13). He called this massive land mass Pangaea.

Answer 44

Alfred Wegener

Question 45

, Pangaea broke apart and each land mass "drifted" away from each other in different locations. Initially, two giant continents were formed

Answer 45

1. Laurasia 2. Gondwanaland

Question 46

comprised the northern continents today

Answer 46

Laurasia

Question 47

comprised the continents in the present Southern Hemisphere

Answer 47

Gondwanaland

Question 48

recognized the existence of Gondwanaland. better known to have proposed the existence of Tethys Sea, the only recognized body of water during that time.

Answer 48

Eduard Suess

Question 49

evidence to support the continental drift theory

Answer 49

1. Similarity of fossils found in different continents 2. Presence of tillites in areas whose present climates do not suggest glacial formation 3. Presence of coal seams in Polar Regions 4. Continuity of rock layers found in different continents 5. Similarity of rock types in different continents

Question 50

are glacial deposits from rock strata in areas that were once covered with snow.

Answer 50

tillites

Question 51

during an initial survey for ocean floor mapping and other geological explorations, certain findings led to the discovery of more accurate pieces of evidence that would lead to the explanation of the moving continents.

Answer 51

Plate Tectonic Theory

Question 52

suggested the idea of thermal convection as the driving force for the movement of the continents.

Answer 52

Arthur Holmes

Question 53

more precise term to refer to the moving piece of crust

Answer 53

Plate

Question 54

seven major plates

Answer 54

1. Pacific Plate 2. Eurasian Plate 3. North American Plate 4. South American Plate 5. Antartic Plate 6. African Plate 7. Indo Australlian Plate

Question 55

Boundaries are where plates meet. They are driven by compressional forces.

Answer 55

Convergent Boundary

Question 56

Convergent boundaries are where most of the destruction of crust takes place, specifically in the _________________ _______.

Answer 56

Subduction Zone

Question 57

Are where plates move away from each other. Plates moves apart because of the magma that is being pushed upward of the plates.

Answer 57

Divergent Boundary

Question 58

Are where plates slide past each other. Neither plate gets subducted. Plates slide past each other and the sudden movement can cause earth.

Answer 58

Transform Boundary

Question 59

The tectonic movement of the plates results in

Answer 59

Crustal Deformation

Question 60

3 types of stress

Answer 60

1. Compressional Stress 2. Tensional Stress 3. Shear Stress

Question 61

When a rock is pressed together into itself, like when crust movements cause two rocks to squeeze another one between them

Answer 61

Compressional Stress

Question 62

when a rock is pulled apart.

Answer 62

Tensional Stress

Question 63

force tending to cause deformation of a material by slippage along a plane or planes parallel to the imposed stress.

Answer 63

Shear Stress

Question 64

2 Types of Crustal Deformation

Answer 64

1. Folding 2. Faulting

Question 65

type of Earth movement resulting from the compression of rock strata (or rock layers). Bending, curving, crumpling, or buckling of rocks into folds is usually visible on rock strata

Answer 65

Folding

Question 66

another type of Earth movement that forms cracks or fractures on the rocks

Answer 66

Faulting