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Biology > Earth Science > Flashcards

Earth Science Flashcards

1
Q

the outermost a outermost and thinnest

layer of the Earth

A

crust

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2
Q

the middle layer of the
Earth. It makes most of the Earth’s
volume and mass

A

mantle

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3
Q

The
lithosphere is subdivided into
portions called

A

litospheric plates

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4
Q

is the weak layer of
the mantle on which the
lithosphere floats

A

asthenosphere

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5
Q

is made up made up of molten
material and accounts for the
Earth’s magnetic field

A

outer core

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6
Q 
the deepest layer of
the Earth.  It is made up of solid 
nickel and iron.  The temperature in 
the ... reaches as high as
5000oC
A

inner core

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7
Q

who made the continental drift theory

A

alfred wegener

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8
Q 
believed to occur
as hot magma rises at the rift in the
mid-ocean ridge. This magma
cools down and becomes the new
seafloor as it pushes the former
A

seafloor spreading

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9
Q

helps
explain the formation and
destruction of the Earth’s crust destruction of the Earth’s crust and
its movement over time

A

theory of plate tectonics

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10
Q

the entire lithosphere of the Earth
is broken into numerous segments
called

A

plates

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11
Q

mountains
formed in part by igneous activity
associated with subduction of oceanic
lithosphere beneath a continent

A

continental volcanic arc

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12
Q

a boundary in which two plates move
toward each other, causing one of the
slabs of the lithosphere to subduct
beneath an overriding plate

A

convergent boundary

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13
Q

the thick part of the

Earth’s crust, not located under the ocean

A

continental crust

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14
Q

the thin part of the Earth’s

crust located under the oceans

A

oceanic crust

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15
Q

a region where the

crustal plates are moving apart

A

divergent boundary

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16
Q

vibration of Earth due to the

rapid release of energy

A

earthquake

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17
Q

a break in a rock along which

movement has occurred

A

fault

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18
Q

any break in rock in which no significant movement has taken place

A

fracture

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19
Q

a concentration of heat in the

mantle capable of creating magma

A

Hot spot

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20
Q

a mass of molten rock formed at
depth, including dissolved gases and
crystals

A

Magma

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21
Q

a continuous mass of
land with long width and height on the
ocean floor

A

Mid-ocean ridge

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22
Q

rigid sections of the lithosphere

that move as a unit

A

Plates

23
Q 
a theory which suggests
that Earth’s crust is made up of plates that
interact in various ways, thus producing
earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes, and
other geologic features
A

Plate tectonics

24
Q

the first type of seismic

wave to be recorded in a seismic station

A

Primary (P) wave

25
Q

consolidated mixture of minerals

A

Rocks

26
Q

second type of
earthquake wave to be recorded in a
seismic station

A

Secondary (S) wave

27
Q

a record made by a

seismograph

A

Seismogram

28
Q

a device used to record

earthquake waves

A

Seismograph

29
Q

an event in which a slab of

rock thrusts into the mantle

A

Subduction

30
Q

a boundary
produced when two plates slide past each
other

A

Transform fault boundary

31
Q

a depression in the seafloor produced by subduction process

A

Trench

32
Q

a chain of volcanoes

that develop parallel to a trench

A

Volcanic Island arc

33
Q

current in the mantle
because of the heat from the inner layers
of the Earth, and is the force that drives
the plates to move around

A

Convection current

34
Q

the
boundary that separates the crust and the
mantle

A

Mohorovič ić Discontinuity (Moho)

35
Q

the ability of solid to flow

A

plasticity

36
Q

process by which

new ocean floor is formed near the midocean ridge and moves outward

A

Seafloor spreading

37
Q

the process in which the

crust plunges back into the Earth

A

Subduction

38
Q

ranch of geology that deals
with the movements that shape the
Earth’s crust

A

Tectonics

39
Q

Their tops are rounded, puffy, and a brilliant white when sunlit, while their bottoms are flat and relatively dark. develop on clear, sunny days when the sun heats the ground directly below (diurnal convection)

A

Cumulus clouds

40
Q

hang low in the sky as a flat, featureless, uniform layer of grayish cloud. are seen on dreary, overcast days and are associated with light mist or drizzle

A

Stratus clouds

41
Q

are low, puffy, grayish or whitish clouds that occur in patches with blue sky visible in between. They form when there’s weak convection in the atmosphere. cloudy days

A

stratocumulus

42
Q

most common clouds in the middle atmosphere. You’ll recognize them as white or gray patches that dot the sky in large, rounded masses or clouds that are aligned in parallel bands. often spotted on warm and humid mornings, especially during summer. They can signal thunderstorms to come later in the day. You may also see them out ahead of cold fronts, in which case they signal the onset of cooler temperatures.

A

Altocumulus

43
Q

cover the sky in a dark gray layer. quintessential rain cloud. You’ll see them whenever steady rain or snow is falling (or is forecast to fall) over a widespread area.

A

Nimbostratus

44
Q

gray or bluish-gray sheets of cloud that partially or totally cover the sky at mid-levels. tend to form ahead of a warm or occluded front.

A

Altostratus

45
Q

Latin for “curl of hair”
thin, white, wispy strands of clouds that streak across the sky. made up of tiny ice crystals rather than water droplets. typically occur in fair weather.

A

Cirrus

46
Q

are small, white patches of clouds often arranged in rows that live at high altitudes and are made of ice crystals. “cloudlets,”

rare and relatively short-lived, but you’ll see them in winter or when it’s cold but fair.

A

Cirrocumulus

47
Q

transparent, whitish clouds that veil or cover nearly the entire sky. indicate that a large amount of moisture is present in the upper atmosphere.

A

Cirrostratus

48
Q

are one of the few clouds that span the low, middle, and high layers. are thunderstorm clouds, so if you see one you can be sure there’s a nearby threat of severe weather

A

Cumulonimbus

49
Q

are formed from pieces of other existing rock or organic material

A

Sedimentary rocks

50
Q

are rocks that have been changed from their original form by immense heat or pressure

A

Metamorphic rocks

51
Q

(derived from the Latin word for fire) are formed when molten hot material cools and solidifies.

A

Igneous rocks

52
Q

when rocks and sediments are picked up and moved to another place by ice, water, wind or gravity

A

Erosion

53
Q

planar arrangement of structural or textural features in any rock type

A

Foliation

Biology (6 decks)

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