Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

9th Grade Midterm > Earth Science > Flashcards

Earth Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is an observation?

A

an observation is the recognition of a fact or occurrence. In general It is something you can say about a situation that is a direct result of your senses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a prediction?

A

A prediction is the recognition of a possible future event, based on current knowledge, and or past experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an inference?

A

An inference is to make an intelligent guess, or to imply something about a situation, sometimes based off observations, and or evidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a quantitive observation?

A

A quantitive observation is an observation expressed in a numeric amount.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a qualitative observation?

A

A qualitative observation is an observation that adds description.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is the skill of measurement important to science?

A

It is important to science because it helps explain experiments, relate information, and compare objects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are six tools you might use to measure in earth science?

A

Rulers, triple beam, balance, electronic, balance, beakers, and graduated cylinders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is scientific notation, written?

A

Traditionally, the original number is transformed into scientific notation with one significant digits in front of the decimal. The power of the ten is determined by how many times the decimal was moved.
For example:
67,500,000 = 6.75 × 107 or 0.00000675 = 6.75 × 10-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is matter?

A

Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How can compounds be created from elements?

A

They can combine, or given take electrons from each other to become one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

A heterogeneous mixture is when 2 compounds do not mix even, and retain their own individual properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Homogeneous mixture?

A

A homogeneous mixture is when two substances fully mixed, and create a new substance with their own set of properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the gas stage of matter.

A

The gas state of matter is when the particles are highly energetic. This means they have the ability to overcome gravitational attraction and move to fill the space in which they are held.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the liquid state of matter.

A

The liquid state of matter is when the particles are attracted by not held firmly together. Therefore a liquid can take the shape of the lower part of a container, because gravity still pulls on individual particles although the volume stays fixed, they can flow and change shape based on the container.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the solid state of matter.

A

The solid state of matter is when the particles are held in fixed positions. They are usually tightly packed together, and cannot move about. Particles in a solid have a definite shape and volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the plasma state of matter.

A

The plasma state of matter is when the particles are super heated like in the sun, or a lightning bolt. Plasma acts like a fluid in movement, but has enough gravitational attraction to keep a defined shape however, electrons can escape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the definition of density?

A

The definition of density is the physical properties that help to differentiate matter. It refers to the proximity of the atoms of similar and different elements within a substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is density measured?

A

Density is measured by the mass of an object divided by its volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explain what happens to matter density and volume on an object is cut.

A

The matter, the volume become less, but the density stays the same.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How can density of matter be changed?

A

It can be changed when the state of matter is changed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the definition of graphing?

A

Graphing is a visible way to represent information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does a graph do?

A

A graph takes experimental data that is collected and put it into a display information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a line graph?

A

A line graph is a graph with an Y and x axis and we’re data is plotted by points that are connected by a line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a bar graph?

A

A bar graph is a graph with an Y and X-axis the information is plotted by a distinct line or bar that connects to either access and extend to the appropriate data point.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a pie graph?
A pie graph is a circular representation of the percentages of a distinct set of data.
26
What is a direct relationship?
A direct relationship is the increase in one variable results in the increase of another variable.
27
What is an indirect relationship?
And indirect relationship is the increase in one variable result in a decrease of another.
28
What is a cyclic relationship?
A cyclic relationship is when a visible pattern of rising and falling data over a given length of time repeats.
29
What is a static relationship?
A static relationship is when the change of one variable doesn’t cause any change in the other.
30
What is a relationship?
A relationship is two variables being compared.
31
What is the shape of the Earth?
The shape of the earth is an oblate sphere.
32
Why are maps still some want inaccurate?
This is because black mat normally distort and elongate things.
33
What way do latitude lines run?
Latitude, lines, run horizontally, and parallel to each other.
34
What way do longitude lines run?
Longitude lines run vertically, and pass through the poles for this reason, lines of longitude get closer together, the closer you get to the poles.
35
What is the prime meridian?
The prime meridian runs form the royal observatory, in Greenwich England from north pole to the South Pole.
36
What is the international date line?
The international date line, which is in the association of date and time. It is between Alaska and Asia.
37
What advanced has helped in navigation?
The GPS
38
How do stars move throughout the night?
Stars appear to move at a rate of 15°/h.
39
What did scientist discover about Polaris for finding location?
Polaris does not move so when you are in the northern hemisphere, your angle when you look at Polaris is what latitude lines you are on.
40
How is the rate of rotation calculated?
The earth rotate 15°/h. Therefore the earth spins 360°, every 24 hours.
41
How does the earth spin relative to space?
It spins counter clockwise from east to west.
42
What is the role of the international dateline?
It’s separate the new day from the old.
43
On topographic map, what do closely drawn line indicate?
They indicate that the terrain is very steep
44
How can an observer determine the direction of a rivers flow?
A “v” notch in a contour line indicates a river. The river flows out the open side towards the decreasing elevation.
45
What to hachure lines indicate?
They indicate a valley and/ or the elevation is decreasing.
46
What are topographic maps?
They are specialized maps that show the relief/ terrain of a given area.
47
What are contour lines?
They are lines that show a surfaces shape and normally form oval like shapes around mountains and other elevations.
48
What are topographic profiles?
They show the side shape of a mountain.
49
What is gradient?
A fancy way of saying slope.
50
Describe how gradient is calculated.
The first elevation minus the second elevation. The. Divide that number by the distance between the two lines.
51
Wax on = _____ Wane off = _____
Right Left
52
What are the phases starting with new moon?
New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, 3rd/ last quarter, waning crescent.
53
How long ago was the Big Bang?
13.7 billion years ago
54
How are the other galaxies moving in relation to us?
They are moving away from us.
55
What is happening to the size of the universe?
It is expanding.
56
What two elements make up the sun?
Hydrogen and helium
57
How old is our solar system?
4.7 billion years
58
What does our solar system orbit?
The center of the Milky Way/ a black hole.
59
How many planets were the ancient Greeks able to see?
5
60
Whose gods are the plants named after?
The Roman gods
61
What was at the center of Aristotle’s universe?
The Earth
62
What is heliocentrism?
The idea that the Sun is at the center of our solar system.
63
Who came up with the idea of heliocentrism?
Nicholas Copernicus
64
What other idea besides heliocentrism did Nicholas Copernicus come up with?
The idea that the Earth was rotating on an axis every 24 hours.
65
What happens to the speed of a plant as it gets farther from the sun?
It slows down.
66
What technology did Galileo have that others before him didn’t?
A telescope
67
What did Venus’ phases prove?
That the sun was at the center of our solar system.
68
Who explained how the planets moved?
Isaac Newton
69
What force causes planets to move?
Gravity
70
What happens to the gravitational force as objects get closer?
The stronger the gravitational force gets.
71
What event allowed scientists to observe that gravity warped light?
A solar eclipse in 1919. Where an experiment was done, which ended up with them seeing the stars behind the sun.
72
What did Hubble discover?
That our sun is like one of billions is the Milky Way.
73
What did Hubble conclude by studying the motion of the galaxies?
That most galaxies are moving away from each other. Basically that the universe is expanding.
74
What are terrestrial planets?
The inner planets that have rocky surfaces and are closest to the sun.
75
What are the 4 terrestrial planets?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
76
What is a Jovian planet?
The 4 outer planets that are gas giants, and all have gaseous surfaces and the outer being solid/ frozen gas.
77
What are the 4 jovian planets?
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
78
What is it called when atoms give or take electrons to create compounds?
Ionic bonds
79
What is it called when atoms share electrons to make compounds?
Covalent bonds
80
What is the definition of classification?
Classification is the grouping of objects based off of observations.
81
Does eccentricity have units?
No
82
What is eccentricity?
The curve for the orbit of an object.
83
What is the name of the process that our sun uses to create energy?
Nuclear fusion.
84
What is the equation for eccentricity?
Distance between foci ———————————— Length of the major axis
85
What are comets?
Large ice bodies that have been dislodged and begin to move towards the sun.
86
What is orbital velocity?
The speed at which something is orbiting something else.
87
Where are comets found?
The Oort Cloud
88
What is our asteroid belt?
Rocky material that is orbiting beyond mars.
89
Where is the Oort Cloud?
Beyond Kuiper’s belt
90
What are the 6 stages of a star?
1. Nebula 2. Protostar 3. Red dwarf 4. Main sequence 5. Giant/ supergiant 6. White dwarf/ blackhole
91
What are the 3 types of galaxies?
1. Spiral 2. Elliptical 3. Irregular
92
What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
Spiral
93
What is a spiral galaxy?
A spiral galaxy is where the stars radiate out from the center in curved arms.
94
What is an elliptical galaxy?
An elliptical galaxy is where all the materials in the galaxy orbit the center in an elongated oval.
95
What is an irregular galaxy?
Any shape of galaxy that does not fit into the other two.
96
What 2 pieces of evidence support that the universe is expanding.
1. The Doppler shift (red shift) 2. Cosmic background microwave radiation
97
Describe how light and sound is measured.
Amplitude is measured by the length of the trough or crest to the base. Then wavelength is measured by the distance from one trough to the next, or one crest to the next.
98
How does the sun’s light change when it impacts earth?
It reflects and turns into infrared light and goes back into space.
99
How are absorption lines useful to scientists?
The help determine movement. Especially if the universe.
100
What are stars?
Bodies that give of light and heat.
101
How is a star born?
When a nebula is disturbed causing hydrogen atoms to start nuclear fusion.
102
What is nuclear fusion?
A process in which hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms and give off energy.
103
What happens to a star with no hydrogen remaining?
It expands then collapses on itself forming a white dwarf or a black hole.
104
What causes the initial forming of the protostar and disk?
Parts of the nebula spin and collapse into a disk. The. Hydrogen amasses in the center forming a protostar.
105
Why don’t all solar systems look the same?
This is due to the initial amount of material.
106
How many stars are in our solar system?
1
107
What objects can be found in the belts of our solar system.
Comets, asteroids, dwarf planets.
108
What layer of the sun are we able to see?
The corona
109
What does angle of insolation mean?
It means the incoming solar radiation that is received by Earth.
110
How long does it take for the moon to complete a lunar cycle?
29.5 days
111
What is a meridian crossing?
The the moon reaches its highest point in the sky.
112
Why does the moon have a greater impact on tides then the sun?
Because the moon is closer to Earth.
113
What 2 phases does the moon have to be in to get a spring tide?
The full moon or new moon phase.
114
Is the tidal rage smaller on a neap ride or spring tide?
Neap tide.
115
What 2 phases does the moon have to be at to cause Neal tide.
First quarter and third quarter.
116
How many hours is a full cycle of tides?
12.5 hours
117
What is an eclipse?
When an object shadows another from the sunlight.

9th Grade Midterm (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions