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Earth Science Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the atmosphere

A

Meteorology

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2
Q

Physical nature and history of earth

A

Geology

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3
Q

deals with the world and its inhabitants

A

Geography

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4
Q

Study of minerals

A

Mineralogy

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5
Q

science comes from what latin word?

A

Scientia

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6
Q

Scientia means?

A

knowledge

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7
Q

Shape of the earth

A

oblate spheroid

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8
Q

age of earth

A

4.5 or 4.6 Billion years old

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9
Q

age of universe

A

13.7 billion years old

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10
Q

Earth rotation?

A

clockwise

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11
Q

application of scientific knowledge

A

Technology

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12
Q

search for practical uses of information

A

Applied Science

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13
Q

gathering of information

A

Pure Science

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14
Q

States the universe comes from a single dot which is very hot and extremely dense and in a matter of seconds, it expands until it reaches its peak.

A

Big Bang Theory

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15
Q

responsible for the prediction of almost similar shape to describe the earth.

A

Isaac Newton

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16
Q

four subsystem of the earth

A

Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere

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17
Q

Due to the rotation, the earths sphere is also distorted by

A

centrifugal force

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18
Q

Is the portion of the earth that includes interior structure, rocks and minerals, landforms and all physical processes on land that shape Earth’s surface as well as contents and ocean floor. Covers all the solid part of the Earth from its surface up to the deeper of the core.

A

Geosphere

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19
Q

LAYERS OF THE EARTH

A

CRUST
MANTLE
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE

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20
Q

There are TWO TYPES OF CRUST

A

1 OCEANIC CRUST
2.CONTINENTAL CRUST

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21
Q

how thick
1. The THIN OCEANIC CRUST
2. The THICKER CONTINENTAL CRUST

A
  1. The THIN OCEANIC CRUST that lies beneath the oceanic floors is about 5 to 10 km thick
  2. The THICKER CONTINENTAL CRUST that makes up the continents is about 15 to 70 km thick
22
Q

The MANTLE, which lies just below the crust, is made mostly of

A

silicate rocks and magnesium and iron. It is about 2900 km thick. It has increasing temperatures at increasing depths.

23
Q

The core, which has a radius of 3400 km, is the innermost layer of the earth. It is made up of

A

iron and nickel.

24
Q

Encompasses all water found on the earth. Water about 70% od earth’s surface and most of its is water that makes the oceans

A

HYDROSPHERE

25
Q

IMPORTANCE OF WATER – It has been associated with the existence of life and its is substance necessary for the sustenance of life on Earth.

A
  1. Water could be in liquid form, not just solid and gas
  2. Water has neutral PH level
  3. Water is a good conductor of heat and energy
  4. Water has a high specific heat
  5. Water is universal solvent
26
Q

Water found on Earth’s surface. Surface water and ground water differ in the type and amount of minerals found in them. Either Marine or Freshwater

A

SURFACE WATER –

27
Q

Has higher salt content can be found in large bodies of water such as ocean, seas, bags and gulf

A

a. MARINE WATER

28
Q

2% water in the worlds has lower salt content: the best source of drinking water for all organism. These are lakes, rivers, springs and falls

A

b. FRESHWATER –

29
Q

process how to make MARINE water potable (safe to drink)

A

DESALINATION –

29
Q

is the water found beneath Earth’s surface where there are space in the soil or fracture in rocks

A

GROUNDWATER –

30
Q

the process required for ground water to be used for drinking to avoid health problems

A

Distillation –

31
Q

the underground layer of water – bearing rocks, acts a reservoir for underground and may contain large amount of minerals such as magnesium, calcium etc.

A

AQUIFER –

31
Q

COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

A

The present is composed 78% nitrogen and 20% of oxygen; the rest is of other gases such as carbon dioxide argon and water vapor

32
Q

Comes from ancient planetary bodies that float around during the formation of the early earth. Known as not very reactive; It stays in the atmosphere unless is triggered to be converted to another form.

A

NITROGEN GAS –

33
Q

layers of atmosphere

A

exosphere
thermosphere
mesosphere
stratosphere
troposphere

34
Q

Physical properties of Minerals

A

Hardness
Luster
Transparency
Color
Iridescence
Streak
Cleavage
Fracture
Specific gravity
Tenacity

35
Q

is the comparative property and so is indicated by a harder mineral being able to scratch a softer one. Mohs’ scale of hardness - presents varying hardness which runs from 1-10 degrees of soft to hard

A
  1. Hardness
36
Q

Chemical Properties of Minerals
This classification was first used in

A

1848
by James Dana, a Yale University professor.

37
Q

made up of ions of iron, magnesium, calcium and other elements

A

FERROMAGNESIAN

38
Q

do not have iron and magnesium

A

NON-FERROMAGNESIAN

39
Q
  • contain a basic silicon- oxygen tetrahedral unit either alone or connected together in the crystal structure. Subgroups: olivine, augite, hornblende and biotite
A

Silicates

40
Q
  • comprises 8% of the minerals on the Earth’s crust. It is divided into 8 groups:
A

II. Non-silicates

41
Q
  • mostly found deposited in marine environments. ex. Calcite, dolomite
A

carbonates

42
Q

-has important metals such as copper, lead, and silver ex Pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite

A

sulphides

43
Q

-contains minerals with phosphorus.ex. Apatite, arsenic, vanadium

A

phosphates

44
Q
  • usually form in lakes, ponds and other landlocked seas ex. Halite, fluorite
A

halides

45
Q

formed as precipitates close to Earth’s surface or as oxidation products of minerals during the process of weathering. ex. Aluminum oxides, hematite, magnetite

A

oxides-

46
Q

forms in areas with high evaporation rates and where salty waters slowly evaporate. ex. Anhydrite, gypsum, hydroxides

A

sulphates-

47
Q

contain metals and intermetallic elements. ex. Sulfur, diamond,

A

native elements-

48
Q

The study of rocks

A

petrology

49
Q
A

stem :( (4 decks)

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