Earth Science

Question 1

Study of the atmosphere

Answer 1

Meteorology

Question 2

Physical nature and history of earth

Answer 2

Geology

Question 3

deals with the world and its inhabitants

Answer 3

Geography

Question 4

Study of minerals

Answer 4

Mineralogy

Question 5

science comes from what latin word?

Answer 5

Scientia

Question 6

Scientia means?

Answer 6

knowledge

Question 7

Shape of the earth

Answer 7

oblate spheroid

Question 8

age of earth

Answer 8

4.5 or 4.6 Billion years old

Question 9

age of universe

Answer 9

13.7 billion years old

Question 10

Earth rotation?

Answer 10

clockwise

Question 11

application of scientific knowledge

Answer 11

Technology

Question 12

search for practical uses of information

Answer 12

Applied Science

Question 13

gathering of information

Answer 13

Pure Science

Question 14

States the universe comes from a single dot which is very hot and extremely dense and in a matter of seconds, it expands until it reaches its peak.

Answer 14

Big Bang Theory

Question 15

responsible for the prediction of almost similar shape to describe the earth.

Answer 15

Isaac Newton

Question 16

four subsystem of the earth

Answer 16

Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere

Question 17

Due to the rotation, the earths sphere is also distorted by

Answer 17

centrifugal force

Question 18

Is the portion of the earth that includes interior structure, rocks and minerals, landforms and all physical processes on land that shape Earth’s surface as well as contents and ocean floor. Covers all the solid part of the Earth from its surface up to the deeper of the core.

Answer 18

Geosphere

Question 19

LAYERS OF THE EARTH

Answer 19

CRUST
MANTLE
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE

Question 20

There are TWO TYPES OF CRUST

Answer 20

1 OCEANIC CRUST
2.CONTINENTAL CRUST

Question 21

how thick
1. The THIN OCEANIC CRUST
2. The THICKER CONTINENTAL CRUST

Answer 21

1. The THIN OCEANIC CRUST that lies beneath the oceanic floors is about 5 to 10 km thick
2. The THICKER CONTINENTAL CRUST that makes up the continents is about 15 to 70 km thick

Question 22

The MANTLE, which lies just below the crust, is made mostly of

Answer 22

silicate rocks and magnesium and iron. It is about 2900 km thick. It has increasing temperatures at increasing depths.

Question 23

The core, which has a radius of 3400 km, is the innermost layer of the earth. It is made up of

Answer 23

iron and nickel.

Question 24

Encompasses all water found on the earth. Water about 70% od earth’s surface and most of its is water that makes the oceans

Answer 24

HYDROSPHERE

Question 25

IMPORTANCE OF WATER – It has been associated with the existence of life and its is substance necessary for the sustenance of life on Earth.

Answer 25

1. Water could be in liquid form, not just solid and gas 2. Water has neutral PH level 3. Water is a good conductor of heat and energy 4. Water has a high specific heat 5. Water is universal solvent

Question 26

Water found on Earth’s surface. Surface water and ground water differ in the type and amount of minerals found in them. Either Marine or Freshwater

Answer 26

SURFACE WATER –

Question 27

Has higher salt content can be found in large bodies of water such as ocean, seas, bags and gulf

Answer 27

a. MARINE WATER

Question 28

2% water in the worlds has lower salt content: the best source of drinking water for all organism. These are lakes, rivers, springs and falls

Answer 28

b. FRESHWATER –

Question 29

process how to make MARINE water potable (safe to drink)

Answer 29

DESALINATION –

Question 29

is the water found beneath Earth’s surface where there are space in the soil or fracture in rocks

Answer 29

GROUNDWATER –

Question 30

the process required for ground water to be used for drinking to avoid health problems

Answer 30

Distillation –

Question 31

the underground layer of water – bearing rocks, acts a reservoir for underground and may contain large amount of minerals such as magnesium, calcium etc.

Answer 31

AQUIFER –

Question 31

COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Answer 31

The present is composed 78% nitrogen and 20% of oxygen; the rest is of other gases such as carbon dioxide argon and water vapor

Question 32

Comes from ancient planetary bodies that float around during the formation of the early earth. Known as not very reactive; It stays in the atmosphere unless is triggered to be converted to another form.

Answer 32

NITROGEN GAS –

Question 33

layers of atmosphere

Answer 33

exosphere thermosphere mesosphere stratosphere troposphere

Question 34

Physical properties of Minerals

Answer 34

Hardness Luster Transparency Color Iridescence Streak Cleavage Fracture Specific gravity Tenacity

Question 35

is the comparative property and so is indicated by a harder mineral being able to scratch a softer one. Mohs' scale of hardness - presents varying hardness which runs from 1-10 degrees of soft to hard

Answer 35

1. Hardness

Question 36

Chemical Properties of Minerals This classification was first used in

Answer 36

1848 by James Dana, a Yale University professor.

Question 37

made up of ions of iron, magnesium, calcium and other elements

Answer 37

FERROMAGNESIAN

Question 38

do not have iron and magnesium

Answer 38

NON-FERROMAGNESIAN

Question 39

- contain a basic silicon- oxygen tetrahedral unit either alone or connected together in the crystal structure. Subgroups: olivine, augite, hornblende and biotite

Answer 39

Silicates

Question 40

- comprises 8% of the minerals on the Earth's crust. It is divided into 8 groups:

Answer 40

II. Non-silicates

Question 41

- mostly found deposited in marine environments. ex. Calcite, dolomite

Answer 41

carbonates

Question 42

-has important metals such as copper, lead, and silver ex Pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite

Answer 42

sulphides

Question 43

-contains minerals with phosphorus.ex. Apatite, arsenic, vanadium

Answer 43

phosphates

Question 44

- usually form in lakes, ponds and other landlocked seas ex. Halite, fluorite

Answer 44

halides

Question 45

formed as precipitates close to Earth's surface or as oxidation products of minerals during the process of weathering. ex. Aluminum oxides, hematite, magnetite

Answer 45

oxides-

Question 46

forms in areas with high evaporation rates and where salty waters slowly evaporate. ex. Anhydrite, gypsum, hydroxides

Answer 46

sulphates-

Question 47

contain metals and intermetallic elements. ex. Sulfur, diamond,

Answer 47

native elements-

Question 48

The study of rocks

Answer 48

petrology